1、Designation: D8116 18Standard Specification forFully-Formulated Non-Aqueous Engine Coolant forHeavy-Duty Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 A non-aqueous engine coolant is a glycol, diol, triol, ormixtures thereof, based heat transfer fluid containing less
3、than1.0 % water when formulated and intended for final usewithout dilution with water. (Definition from TerminologyD4725.)1.2 This specification covers the requirements for fullyformulated non-aqueous glycol base coolants for coolingsystems of heavy-duty engines. These coolants will functioneffectiv
4、ely during both winter and summer to provide protec-tion against corrosion, cavitation, freezing, boiling, and exces-sive viscosity.1.3 This specification is intended to cover the requirementsfor non-aqueous engine coolants prepared from virgin glycols,diols, or triols, or mixtures thereof.1.4 Coola
5、nts meeting this specification exhibit very lowvapor pressures under all operating conditions, thereby avoid-ing the creation and collapse of coolant vapor, the primarycause of pump and cylinder liner cavitation erosion. They mayadditionally contain additives that provide traditional anti-cavitation
6、 erosion coatings but there is no requirement that theymust. Non-aqueous engine coolants usually contain one ormore carboxylates and do not normally contain nitrites. It issuggested that coolant testing be undertaken at normal manu-facturers recommended intervals to monitor degradation prod-ucts. Th
7、e low vapor pressures inherent in coolants that meetthis specification also provide protection from hot surfacescaling, as liquid coolant is in contact with all hot metalsurfaces of the engine cooling system at all times.1.5 Water is a contaminant to non-aqueous engine coolantsand it is suggested th
8、at water content be tested periodicallywith test strips to ideally keep water content of the coolant at3 % or less. Increases in water cause an undesirable drop in theboiling point. It is instructive that the glassware corrosiontesting per this specification is conducted at 6 % corrosivewater.1.6 Th
9、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
10、te safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopm
11、ent of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4725 Terminology for Engine Coolants and Related FluidsD5827 Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant forChlorid
12、e and Other Anions by Ion ChromatographyD6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD7583 Test Method for John Deere Coolant Cavitation TestD8085 Specification for Non-Aqueous Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty Service3. Requirements3.1 The non
13、-aqueous coolant shall meet all the physical,chemical, and performance requirements of SpecificationD8085, Tables 1, 2, and 3.3.2 The non-aqueous coolant shall be suitable for use in aproperty maintained cooling system in normal service for aminimum of two years (see Appendix X1).3.3 The non-aqueous
14、 coolant shall not contain more than 50g/g sulfate ion (Test Method D5827).3.4 The non-aqueous coolant shall conform to the require-ments of Annex A1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
15、eeD15.22 on Non-Aqueous Coolants.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8116-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
16、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i
17、n the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Keywords4.1 cavitation; heavy-duty engine coolant; non-aqueouscoolantANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. REQUIREME
18、NTS FOR NON-AQUEOUS HEAVY-DUTY ENGINE COOLANTA1.1 Laboratory data or in-service experience demonstrat-ing a positive influence on reducing cavitation corrosion in anoperating engine is required. See Table A1.1.A1.1.1 In-service qualification tests may consist of single-or multiple-cylinder engine te
19、sts. At the option of the engine orvehicle manufacturer, such testing may be conducted in “looseengines” or in engines fully integrated into an application, suchas a vehicle, a power boat, or a stationary power source. Onesuch test has been developed.3A1.1.2 Coolants that have completed the Test Met
20、hodD7583 (laboratory test method to demonstrate coolant cavita-tion performance) test with a maximum pit count of 200 areregarded as passing the requirements in A1.1.APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF NON-AQUEOUS COOLANT FOR HEAVY DUTY ENGINESX1.1 It is assumed t
21、hat the cooling system for the engineincludes a pressurized expansion tank that is located high in thesystem, the tank having a fill tube at its base that connects tothe inlet side of the coolant pump, and vent lines to theexpansion tank from locations that could otherwise trap air.There is a pressu
22、re cap on the expansion tank. The coolantlevel in the expansion tank responds to the temperature of thecoolant. There is an air space between the top of the coolant inthe expansion tank and the top of the expansion tank.X1.1.1 If all components of the engine cooling system arenew and empty of all wa
23、ter or previous coolants, or both, thenon-aqueous coolant may be directly installed into the coolingsystem.X1.1.1.1 Introduce the coolant into the expansion tank untilit is12 full.X1.1.1.2 Operate the engine until the thermostat opens,adding coolant as necessary to the expansion tank. Look foreviden
24、ce that the vent lines are functioning.X1.1.2 If the engine cooling system contains water or anaqueous coolant, these fluids must be drained from the system.Generally, the radiator and the block are drained and thethermostat housing is opened and drained.Air is blown throughheater lines, etc. It is
25、possible to remove enough of the oldcoolant by these means to achieve a good installation, meaning,ending up, after re-filling the system with non-aqueous coolant,with a water content of 3 % or less. Always run the engineenough to assure that the thermostat has opened and full flowthrough the radiat
26、or is achieved.X1.1.2.1 A glycol-based preparation fluid for absorbingwater may be employed to save time and labor in the processof removing the previous coolant.X1.1.2.2 Use test strips, available from the coolantmanufacturer, to check that the water content is 3 % or less.X1.1.3 Place a warning la
27、bel at or near the expansion tank:“USE WATERLESS COOLANT ONLY.”X1.1.4 Unless the expansion tank is overfilled, there willnot be any loss of coolant by operating the engine, only byleaks. That is because the vapor pressure of non-aqueousengine coolant is so low that the pressure cap (assumed at100 kP
28、a) will almost never open.X1.1.5 Water is a contaminant of non-aqueous engine cool-ants. As water is added, the vapor pressure increases and theboiling point drops, thereby degrading a desired feature of thecoolant. It is therefore important to test the water content fromtime to time and more often
29、if others control the water source.3“A Comparison of Engine Coolant in an Accelerated Heavy-Duty EngineCavitation Test,” SAE Technical Paper 960883, SAE International, 400 Common-wealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.TABLE A1.1 Cavitation Protection OptionsMeeting the Requirements of A1.1Use Eithe
30、r of These Methods Acceptable CriteriaIn-service test Agreement between enginemanufacturer and coolant supplierfor test criteriaLaboratory test (Test Method D7583) 200 pit count measured per TestMethod D7583, maxD8116 182X1.1.6 Non-aqueous coolants, per this specification, have adynamic viscosity at
31、 -40 C that does not exceed 2.0 Pas, aguaranteed low temperature operating limit. Any water thatenters the system, although increasing the vapor pressure, alsoreduces the viscosity, and lowers the low temperature operatinglimit. Keeping the water content under control using test stripsassures the fu
32、nctionality of the non-aqueous coolant.X1.1.7 Periodically, and per the vehicle or engine manufac-turers recommendation, the non-aqueous coolant should betested for degradation products, additive depletion, and metalcontent. The first such test should be required during the firsttwo years.X2. JOHN D
33、EERE COOLANT CAVITATION TEST RESULTS RELATE TO VAPOR PRESSUREX2.1 The following chart (Fig. X2.1) shows the differencein vapor pressure between 50/50 EGW and a typical non-aqueous coolant according to Specification D8085 (“8085 N-Acoolant”) at 70 C, the temperature at which Test MethodD7583, the Joh
34、n Deere Coolant Cavitation Test, is performed.X2.1.1 It is not frivolous to say that 8085 N-A coolants may“contain additives that provide traditional anti-cavitation ero-sion coatings but there is no requirement that they must.” Theyneed not contain such additives because the vapor pressures of8085
35、N-A coolants are so low.X2.1.1.1 The lowest pit count ever recorded in the JohnDeere Coolant Cavitation Test was 52, adjusted to 21 (toaccount for test stand severity). The N-A coolant tested did notcontain nitrites or carboxylates.(1) Tests of 8085 N-Acoolants per Test Method D7583 willproduce pit
36、counts that are far lower than 200.FIG. X2.1 Comparisons of Vapor Pressure at 70 CD8116 183X3. HOT SURFACE SCALING RELATES TO VAPOR PRESSUREX3.1 Coolants containing water are operated near theirboiling points. Where there is localized boiling, a dry surfacecan form where additives and water impuriti
37、es can bake intoplace. The low vapor pressure non-aqueous coolants perSpecification D8085 maintain liquid contact everywhere in thecooling system, keeping all surfaces wet and the additivesdissolved.X4. REGARDING THE INCLUSION OF NITRITESX4.1 Judging from the plethora of nitrite-free coolantsavailab
38、le in the marketplace in early 2017, one might expectthe next edition of Specification D6210 (last reapproved in2010) to de-emphasize the use of nitrite inhibitors. A sugges-tion that the herein document should contain requirements fornitrite (to mimic Specification D6210) is misplaced.ASTM Internat
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