1、Designation: D8172 18Standard Test Method forShear and Peel Strength of Solvent-Welded Seams withNonreinforced Geomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8172; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes destructive quality controland quality assurance tests used to determine the in
3、tegrity ofgeomembrane seams produced by adhesive and chemicalfusion methods. These test procedures are intended for nonre-inforced geomembranes only. This test method utilizes twosampling techniques; Method A is for seams produced withouta testing flap, while Method B is for seams that produce atest
4、ing flap.1.2 The rationale behind the two methods is that mostseaming processes produce some type of flap on the back sideor front side, or both, of the seam to perform peel testing.However, there are some processes in the industry that do notproduce any type of flap to perform seam peel testing, an
5、d thisis where the additional method is needed.1.3 This method is intended for use with polyvinyl chloride(PVC)-based material seams, but is not limited to PVC.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system
6、 may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.5 Hazardous MaterialsAlways consult the proper Ma-terial Safety Data Sheets for any hazardous materials used forproper
7、 ventilation and protection.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulat
8、ory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Orga
9、nization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines forTextilesD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 Refer to Terminology D4439 for definitions of termsapplying to this test method.3.2 Defin
10、itions:3.2.1 adhesive, nseams are typically produced by apply-ing an adhesive to both sides of the sheet to be bonded, andthen pressure is applied to the top sheet with the bottom sheetsupported by a flat, firm surface.3.2.1.1 DiscussionHeat and pressure are commonly usedas part of the bodied chemic
11、al fusion process.3.2.2 bodied chemical agent, na chemical fluid containinga portion of the parent geomembrane polymer that dissolvesthe surface of the geomembranes to be bonded.3.2.3 bodied chemical fusion seams, nuse of a bodiedchemical agent to dissolve the surfaces of the geomembranesfor bonding
12、.3.2.4 chemical agent, na chemical fluid that dissolves thesurface of the geomembrane to be bonded.3.2.5 chemical fusion seams, nuse of a chemical agent todissolve the surface of the geomembrane for bonding.4. Significance and Use4.1 The use of nonreinforced geomembranes as barriermaterials has crea
13、ted a need for a test method to evaluate thequality of chemical fusion seams produced by methods otherthan thermal fusion. This test method is used for quality control1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D3
14、5.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8172-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor
15、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizati
16、on established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1purposes and is intended to provide quality control and qualityassurance personnel with a method
17、to evaluate seam quality.4.2 This test method utilizes two methods of sampling andspecimen preparation for the purpose of providing a method ofspecimen preparation when overlapping of the seam does ordoes not produce a flap suitable for testing purposes.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensile Testing MachineConstan
18、t rate of extension(CRE) equipment meeting the requirements of SpecificationD76/D76M. The load cell shall be accurate to within 1 % of theapplied force used. The drive mechanism shall be able tocontrol the rate of extension to within 1 % of the targeted rate.The maximum allowable error in recorded g
19、rip displacementshall be 1 % of the recorded values. The maximum allowablevariation in nominal gage length on repeated return of theclamps to their starting position shall be less than 0.25 mm0.01 in.5.2 Grip FacesThe clamping force and the clamp surfacesshall hold the specimen firmly without causin
20、g damage. One ofthe grips shall be self aligning to compensate for unevendistribution of force across the specimen.5.3 Clamp faces shall be adequate to grip the specimen inthe dimension parallel to the direction of test and wide enoughto grip the full width of the specimen.6. Sampling, Test Specimen
21、s, and Test Units6.1 Method AUse this method when overlapping of thegeomembrane material during the seaming process does notproduce a flap suitable for peel testing across the seam. Seamstested using this procedure should have a minimum seam widthof 1 in. for testing. If the seams to be tested are l
22、ess than 1 in.in width, further calculations may be required as noted in 10.2.6.1.1 Seam Samples Method ACut the sample. Approxi-mately a 760-mm 30-in. length of seam shall be cut out witha minimum of 102 mm 4 in. of material on either side of theseam for shear testing.6.1.2 Peel Specimen Preparatio
23、nPlace two cuts across theseam and initiate a peel in both directions of the cut and on thetwo ends of the sample a minimum of 25.4 mm 1 in., parallelwith the seam, so that you have five locations that a peel hasbeen initiated. (See Fig. 1.)NOTE 1This process should take place immediately during or
24、afterproduction of the seam, as the setup times for various seaming methodsdiffer for the various methods, processes, and materials.NOTE 2Placing tape or other suitable bond-breaking materials in theseam overlap can be used to create a flap suitable for peel testing.6.1.3 Peel specimens are cut in t
25、he length of the seam. Aspecimen width of 25.4 mm nominal 1.0 in. cut within theouter boundaries of the seam and a minimum of 50 mm 2 in.in the length of bonded seam shall be tested, but not more than55 mm 2.125 in. This can be obtained by either trimming thespecimen to the specified length or by se
26、tting the testingmachine to stop the test after testing 50 mm 2 in. of seampeel. (See Fig. 1.)6.1.4 Shear Specimen PreparationCut five shear speci-mens from the remaining portion of the sample across the seamas shown in Fig. 1. Cut to produce a specimen 25 mm nominal1.0 in. wide by a minimum of 150
27、mm nominal 6 in. long.6.2 Method BUse this method when overlapping of thegeomembrane material during the seaming process does pro-duce a flap suitable for peel testing.6.2.1 Seam Samples Method BCut the sample. Approxi-mately a 760-mm 30-in. length of seam shall be cut out witha minimum of 102 mm 4
28、in. of material on either side of theseam.6.2.2 Specimen PreparationTen specimens shall be cutfrom the sample submittal. The specimens shall be cut toproduce ten specimens 25 mm nominal 1 in. wide by aminimum of 150 mm nominal 6 in. long. Depending on thewidth of the seam, at least 50 mm 2 in. of un
29、bounded materialon each side of the bonded seam is required for testing.6.2.3 Specimens that will be subjected to peel and sheartests shall be selected alternately from such so that the seam isas shown in Fig. 2. Specimens shall be cut such that the seamis perpendicular to the longer dimension of th
30、e strip specimen.FIG. 1 Specimen Cutout Diagram Method AD8172 1827. Conditioning7.1 Conditioning and CuringWith chemical or adhesive-type seams, these seams normally require a period of time forthe seam to set up or cure. The sample should be cured for aminimum of 40 h from the time of the actual fa
31、brication beforetesting. Note on the paperwork the date and time of actualfabrication. Samples or specimens shall be conditioned andcured at standard laboratory test conditions.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests and conditioning at thestandard atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, a temperature of21.1
32、 6 1 C 70 6 2 F, unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3If samples are sent to the laboratory and testing is performedbefore the required aging period, then this shall be noted on the sampleresults.8. Destructive Test Methods8.1 Peel TestingSubject five specimens to the 90 “T-Peel” test (see Fig. 3). Full
33、y grip the test specimen across thewidth of the specimen. Grip the peel specimen by securinggrips 12.5 mm 0.5 in. on each side of the start of the seambond at a constant machine crosshead speed of 508 mm min20 in. min. The test is complete when the specimen ruptures.8.2 Shear TestingSubject five spe
34、cimens to the shear test(see Fig. 4). Fully support the test specimen within the gripsacross the width of the specimen. Secure the grips 25 mm1 in. on each side of the start of the seam bond at a constantmachine crosshead speed of 508 mm min 20 in. min. Thetest is complete when the specimen ruptures
35、.9. Procedure9.1 Shear Test:9.1.1 Set the grip separation equal to the width of the seamplus 50.4 mm 2.00 in. Set the crosshead speed to508 mm min 20 in. min.9.1.2 Place the specimen symmetrically in the clamps so theweld will experience shear force (Fig. 4). Center the seamvertically between the gr
36、ips.9.1.3 Elongate the specimen until rupture.9.1.4 Record the load at peak and break code (Fig. 5).9.2 Peel Test:9.2.1 Set the grip separation to a minimum of 12.7 mm min0.50 in. min.9.2.2 Set the crosshead speed to 508 mm min 20.00 in./min.9.2.3 Place the specimen in the clamps in a “T” configura-
37、tion (Fig. 3). If there is enough material, center the seamvertically between the grips.9.2.4 Elongate the specimen until rupture or separation ofweld has occurred across the entire weld.9.2.5 If a specimen slips between the clamps, discard theindividual result and test another specimen if the minim
38、umstrength requirement has not been met.9.2.6 Record the load at peak and break code (see Fig. 5).10. Calculation10.1 Seam Shear StrengthDivide the peak load by thewidth of the specimen to obtain results in N/mm lb/in.10.2 Seam Peel StrengthDivide the peak load by the widthof the specimen to obtain
39、results in N/mm or lb/in.FIG. 2 Specimen Cutout Diagram Method BFIG. 3 Example of T-Peel TestD8172 18311. Report11.1 Record the peak load.11.2 Report the break code.11.3 Report the averages of the peak loads.11.4 Other information required on the report should be, butis not limited to: a unique seri
40、al or panel number, samplenumber, project or job name, fabrication date, fabrication time,welding technician, weld type, location of sample, and labora-tory acclimation time.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method will bedetermined within five years of publication.12.2
41、BiasThe bias of this test method will be determinedwithin five years of publication.13. Keywords13.1 flexible sheeting; geomembranes; geosynthetics; land-fills; poly(vinyl chloride); polyvinyl chloride resin; pond liners;PVC; reservoirs; seams; water containment membranes; waterleakage resistanceFIG
42、. 4 Example of Shear TestD8172 184ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risko
43、f infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this
44、standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake yo
45、ur views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by co
46、ntacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 5 Break CodesD8172 185
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