1、Designation: E1 13E1 14 Method 9501Federal TestMethod Standard No. 791bStandard Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification c
3、overs liquid-in-glass thermometers graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that arefrequently identified and used in methods under the jurisdiction of the various technical committees within ASTM. The variousthermometers specified are listed in Table 1. Table 1. The inclusion of an IP num
4、ber in Table 1Table 1 indicates, where appearing,that the thermometer specification has been jointly agreed upon by the British Institute of Petroleum (IP) and ASTM.1.2 This specification also covers adjustable-range enclosed-scale thermometers, graduated in degrees Celsius, which are usedin ASTM me
5、thods.1.3 The enclosed-scale thermometers are commonly called Beckmann thermometers. They are suitable for measuring smalltemperature differences not exceeding 6 C within a larger range of temperature. The thermometers are unsuitable for measuringCelsius- or kelvin-scale temperatures unless they hav
6、e been compared with standard instruments immediately before use.1.4 An alphabetic list of the ASTM Thermometers included in this standard is given in Table 2.Table 2.1.5 A list of ASTM Thermometers is given in Table 3Table 3 to facilitate selection according to temperature range, immersion,and scal
7、e-error requirements.NOTE 1For a listing of thermometers recommended for general laboratory use, the ScientificApparatus MakersAssociation Specifications for GeneralPurpose Glass Laboratory Thermometers may be consulted.2NOTE 2It has been found by experience that theseASTM Thermometers, although dev
8、eloped in general for specific tests, may also be found suitablefor other applications, thus precluding the need for new thermometer specifications differing in only minor features. However, it is suggested that technicalcommittees contact Subcommittee E20.05 before choosing a currently specified th
9、ermometer for a new method to be sure the thermometer will be suitablefor the intended application.1.6 The thermometers found in Table 1Table 1 contain mercury, mercury thallium eutectic alloy, or toluene or other suitableliquid colored with a permanent red dye. For low-hazard precision non-mercury
10、alternatives to E1 thermometers, see SpecificationE2251.1.7 WARNINGMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionsh
11、ould be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs website- http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be awarethat selling mercury and/or mercury containing products
12、into your state may be prohibited by state law.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regul
13、atorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 onLiquid-in-
14、Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published July 2013September 2014. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 asE1 07.E1 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0001-13.10.1520/E0001-14.2 Available from SAMA Group of Assocs., 225 Reinekers,
15、Ste. 625, Alexandria, VA 23314.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM s
16、tandard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all c
17、ases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Specification for ASTM ThermometersAll dimensions are in millimeters.S
18、ee Table 4 for Verification and Calibration Temperatures.Explanatory Notes:A An expansion chamber is provided for relief of gas pressure to avoid distortion of the bulb at higher temperatures. It is not for the purpose of joining mercuryseparations and under no circumstances should the thermometer b
19、e heated above the highest temperature reading.B Toluene or other suitable liquid colored red with a permanent dye shall be used as the actuating liquid.C Under certain test conditions, the bulb of the thermometer may be 28 C (50 F) above the temperature indicated by the thermometer, and at an indic
20、atedtemperature of 371 C (700 F) the temperature of the bulb is approaching a critical range in the glass. It is therefore not desirable to use this thermometer undersuch conditions at indicated temperatures above 371 C (700 F) without checking the ice point.D Longest graduation lines at 155 C, 160
21、C, 162 C, 164 C, 165 C, and 170 C, with arrows at 162 C and 164 C.E The length of the enlargement, and the distance from the bottom of the enlargement to the bottom of the bulb shall be measured with the test gage shown inFig. 1.F Long, narrow shape.G The test temperature shall be indicated by an ar
22、row whether the graduation corresponding to that point is numbered or not.H Long, narrow shape; mercury shall be in the chamber at 0 C (32 F).I The thermometer shall be made to be mounted in a brass ferrule consisting of a tubular bushing 8.0 mm in outside diameter with a flanged head approximately1
23、2 mm in diameter so that the upper extremity of the 8.0 mm diameter is located 90 mm from the bottom of the bulb.J To be marked on the glass stem at least 90 mm from the bottom of the bulb.K Glass button finish, see 6.2.1.L Long, narrow shape; mercury shall be near bottom of the chamber at 0 C.M For
24、 kinematic viscosity thermometers, the ice-point reading shall be taken within 1 h after being at the test temperature for not less than 3 minutes. The ice-point reading shall be expressed to the nearest 0.01 C or 0.02 F and applied as explained in Test Method E77, Section 13.N Thermometers made to
25、these specifications conform also with the requirements for the titer test thermometer of the American Oil Chemists Society and theAssociation of Official Agricultural Chemists, except for the special inscription.O Capillary clearances must conform to Section 8.P Mercury shall be near middle of cham
26、ber at 0 C.Q The stem may be either the plain front or lens front type. If the thermometer is of the lens front type, the cross section of the stem shall be such that it willpass through an 8-mm ring gage but will not enter a 5-mm slot gage.R A suitable mercury-thallium alloy shall be used as the ac
27、tuating liquid.S The expansion chamber shall be of the long narrow type 10 to 20 mm in length. The length of unchanged capillary between the nearest graduation mark andthe expansion chamber shall be not less than 10 mm.T Mercury shall be near the bottom of the chamber at 0 C.U The length of unchange
28、d capillary between the nearest graduation mark and contraction chamber shall be not less than 10 mm.V Change in correction over any 5 F interval shall not exceed 0.10 F.W Expansion chamber shall be of the long narrow type and there shall be not less than 10 mm of unchanged capillary between the bas
29、e of the chamber and thetop graduation.X Mercury shall be in the chamber at 32 F.Y Over any interval of 2 C the change in correction shall not exceed 0.02 C.Z Over any interval of 4 F the change in correction shall not exceed 0.05 F.AA Special finish, see 6.2.2.BB The bulb diameter shall not be more
30、 than 0.5 mm greater than the stem.CC The stem shall be of the lens front type. The cross section of the stem shall be such that it will pass through a 8.0-mm ring gage but will not enter a 5.0-mmslot gage. A minor diameter of 4 mm is permissible provided that the major diameter is not less than 7 m
31、m.DD Bulb bottom shall be essentially hemispherical.EE Immersion line shall be omitted.E1142FF For Fahrenheit thermometers, dimension G (length of graduated portion) shall be measured as the length of graduated portion corresponding to the nominalCelsius range.GG The immersion line shall be visible
32、in the case opening after assembly. The immersion shall be measured from the bottom of the bulb rather than from thebottom of the armor. See 6.2.2.HH The stem shall be either the round or lens-front type.II Contraction chamber to be long narrow type.JJ Over any interval of 1 C the change in correcti
33、on shall not exceed 0.01 C. The correction at the lowest temperature of the nominal range shall not changeby more than 0.02 C immediately after the thermometer has been heated for 15 min at a temperature 30 C higher, and allowed to cool naturally in air.KK The capillary bore shall be large enough in
34、 relation to the bulb to ensure that (without tapping) jumping of the meniscus does not exceed one half of thesmallest scale division, when the temperature is rising at a uniform rate not exceeding 0.05 C/min.LL The thermometer is to be calibrated for 100-mm immersion for the main scale, the ice poi
35、nt is to be calibrated for total immersion.MM Bulb shape ellipsoidal (see Fig. 2).NN This thermometer may be furnished with an optional ring top. See 6.2.3. Addition of a ring top will increase the total length by an amount equal to the outsidediameter of the ring.OO The stem shall be of the lens fr
36、ont type. The cross section of the stem shall be such that it will pass through a 7.0 mm ring gage.ASTM No. 1C-99 1F-99FF 2C-99 2F-99FF 3C-99 3F-99FFIP No. 62C 73CName Partial Immersion Partial Immersion Partial ImmersionReference Fig. No. 3 3 3Range 20 to + 150C 0 to 302F 5 to + 300C 20 to 580F 5 t
37、o + 400CC 20 to 760FCFor test atA Immersion, mm 76 76 76Graduations:Subdivisions 1C 2F 1C 2F 1C 2FLong lines at each 5C 10F 5C 10F 5C 10FNumbers at each 10C 20F 10C 20F 10C 20FScale error, max 0.5C 1F 1C 2F 1C to 301C1.5C above301C2F to 574F3F above574FSpecial inscription ASTM ASTM ASTM1C-99 or 1F-9
38、9 2C-99 or 2F-99 3C-99 or 3F9976 MM IMM 76 MM IMM 76 MM IMMExpansion chamber:Permit heating to 200C 392F A AB Total length, mm 317 to 327 385 to 395 410 to 420C Stem OD, mm 6.0 to 7.0 6.0 to 7.0 6.0 to 7.5D Bulb length, mm 19 to 25 10 to 15 10 to 15E Bulb OD, mm 5.0 to 6.0 5.0 to 6.0 5.0 to 6.0Scale
39、 location:Bottom of bulb to line at 0C 32F 0C 32F 0C 32FF Distance, mm 111 to 118 100 to 110 100 to 110G Length of graduated portion, mm 170 to 200O 225 to 265 O 250 to 290OIce-point scale:RangeH Bottom of bulb to ice-point, mmContraction chamber:I Distance to bottom, min, mmJ Distance to top, max,
40、mmStem enlargement:K OD, mmL Length, mmM Distance to bottom, mmA An expansion chamber is provided for relief of gas pressure to avoid distortion of the bulb at higher temperatures. It is not for the purpose of joining mercury separations and under no circumstances shouldthe thermometer be heated abo
41、ve the highest temperature reading.B Under certain test conditions, the bulb of the thermometer may be 28C (50F) above the temperature indicated by the thermometer, and at an indicated temperature of 371C (700F) the temperature of thebulb is approaching a critical range in the glass. It is therefore
42、 not desirable to use this thermometer under such conditions at indicated temperatures above 371C (700F) without checking the ice point.O Capillary clearances shall conform to Section 8.FF For Fahrenheit thermometers, dimension G (length of graduated portion) shall be measured as the length of gradu
43、ated portion corresponding to the nominal Celsius range.E1143TABLE 1 ContinuedASTM No. 5C-86 5F-86FF 6C-86 6F-86FF 7C-86 7F-86FFIP No. 1C 2C 5CName Cloud and Pour Low Cloud and PourB Low DistillationReference Fig. No. 3 3 4Range 38 to + 50C 36 to + 120F 80 to + 20C 112 to + 70F 2 to + 300C 30 to 580
44、FFor test atA Immersion, mm 108 76 totalGraduations:Subdivisions 1C 2F 1C 2F 1C 2FLong lines at each 5C 10F 5C 10F 5C 10FNumbers at each 10C 20F 10C 20F 10C 20FScale error, max 0.5C 1F 1C to 33C2C below 33C2F to 28F4F below 28F0.5C to 150C1C above 150C1F to 300F2F above 300FSpecial inscription ASTM5
45、C-86 or 5F86108 MM IMMASTM6C-86 or 6F-8676 MM IMMASTM7C-86 or 7F86Expansion chamber:Permit heating to 100C 212F 60C 140F AB Total length, mm 225 to 235 225 to 235 380 to 390C Stem OD, mm 6.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 8.0 6.0 to 8.0D Bulb length, mm 7 to 10 7 to 10 10 to 15E Bulb OD, mm 5.5 and stem 5.0 and stem
46、 5.0 and stemScale location:Bottom of bulb to line at 38C 36F 70C 94F 0C 32FF Distance, mm 120 to 130 100 to 120 100 to 110G Length of graduated portion, mm 65 to 85O 70 to 100 O 225 to 255OIce-point scale:RangeH Bottom of bulb to ice-point, mmContraction chamber:I Distance to bottom, min, mmJ Dista
47、nce to top, max, mmStem enlargement:K OD, mmL Length, mmM Distance to bottom, mmA An expansion chamber is provided for relief of gas pressure to avoid distortion of the bulb at higher temperatures. It is not for the purpose of joining mercury separations and under no circumstances shouldthe thermome
48、ter be heated above the highest temperature reading.B Toluene or other suitable liquid colored red with a permanent dye shall be used as the actuating liquid.O Capillary clearances shall conform to Section 8.FF For Fahrenheit thermometers, dimension G (length of graduated portion) shall be measured
49、as the length of graduated portion corresponding to the nominal Celsius range.ASTM No. 8C-86 8F-86FF 9C-86 9F-86FF 10C-86 10F-86FFIP No. 6C 15C 16CName High Distillation Low-Pensky-Martens High-Pensky-MartensReference Fig. No. 4 5 5Range 2 to + 400CC 30 to 760FC 5 to + 110C 20 to 230F 90 to 370C 200 to 700FFor test atA Immersion, mm total 57 57Graduations:Subdivisions 1C 2F 0.5C 1F 2C 5FLong lines
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