ASTM E119-2008a 837 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.pdf

1、Designation: E 119 08aAn American National StandardStandard Test Methods forFire Tests of Building Construction and Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of wal

3、ls, columns, floors, and other building members under fire exposureconditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions that are safe, and that are not amenace to neighboring structures nor to the public. Recognition of this is registered in the codes ofmany authorities, municipal and

4、 other. It is important to secure balance of the many units in a singlebuilding, and of buildings of like character and use in a community; and also to promote uniformityin requirements of various authorities throughout the country. To do this it is necessary that thefire-resistive properties of mat

5、erials and assemblies be measured and specified according to a commonstandard expressed in terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, andconditions of exposure.Such a standard is found in the methods that follow. They prescribe a standard exposing fire ofcontrolled e

6、xtent and severity. Performance is defined as the period of resistance to standard exposureelapsing before the first critical point in behavior is observed. Results are reported in units in whichfield exposures can be judged and expressed.The methods may be cited as the “Standard Fire Tests,” and th

7、e performance or exposure shall beexpressed as “2-h,” “6-h,” “12-h,” etc.When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired, a proportionalincrease should be made in the specified time-classification period.1. Scope1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-respo

8、nsestandard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and tocomposite assemblies of structural materials for buildings,including bearing and other walls and partitions, columns,girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assembliesfor floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other as

9、sem-blies and structural units that constitute permanent integralparts of a finished building.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register compara-tive performance to specific fire-test conditions during theperiod of exposure and shall not be construed as havingdetermined suitability for

10、 use under other conditions or afterfire exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the mat

11、erials, products or assemblies underactual fire conditions1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposurefor comparing the test results of building construction assem-blies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessingpredicted fire performance of building construction and assem-

12、blies. Application of these test results to predict the perfor-mance of actual building construction requires the evaluationof test conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to SI units that a

13、re provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility o

14、f Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 119 08.These test methods, of which the present standard represents a revision, wereprepared by Sectional Committee on Fire Te

15、sts of Materials and Construction, underthe joint sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards, the ANSI Fire ProtectionGroup, and ASTM, functioning under the procedure of the American NationalStandards Institute.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken

16、, PA 19428-2959, United States.responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. The

17、se notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 569 Method of Test for Indentation Hardness of Pre-formed Thermal Insulations3D 6513 Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load onWood

18、-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance TestsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-PenetrationFire StopsE 2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E 176.

19、4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the duration forwhich the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire,retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both propertiesduring a predetermined test exposure.4.2 The test exposes a specimen to a standard fire co

20、ntrolledto achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified timeperiod. When required, the fire exposure is followed by theapplication of a specified standard fire hose stream applied inaccordance with Practice E 2226. The test provides a relativemeasure of the fire-test-response of comparable

21、building ele-ments under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is notrepresentative of all fire conditions because conditions varywith changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fireloading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, andheat sink characteristics of the compartmen

22、t. Variation fromthe test conditions or specimen construction, such as size,materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation isrequired for application to construction in the field.4.3 The test standard provides for the following:4.3.

23、1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gasesthrough the test specimen.4.3.1.3 For load bearing elements, measurement of the loadcarrying ability of the test specimen during the test expo

24、sure.4.3.2 For individual load bearing members such as beamsand columns:4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under thetest exposure with consideration for the end support conditions(that is, restrained or not restrained).4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:4.4.1 Informat

25、ion as to performance of specimens con-structed with components or lengths other than those tested.4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the specimencontributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxicgases, or other products of combustion.4.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limi

26、tation ofthe passage of smoke or products of combustion through thespecimen.4.4.4 Simulation of the fire behavior of joints betweenbuilding elements such as floor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connec-tions.4.4.5 Measurement of flame spread over surface of speci-men.4.4.6 The effect on fire-resistance of

27、conventional openingsin the test specimen, that is, electrical receptacle outlets,plumbing pipe, etc., unless specifically provided for in theconstruction tested. Also see Test Method E 814 for testing offire stops.CONTROL OF FIRE TESTS5. Time-Temperature Curve5.1 The conduct of fire tests of materi

28、als and constructionshall be controlled by the standard time-temperature curveshown in Fig. 1. The points on the curve that determine itscharacter are:1000F (538C) at 5 min1300F (704C) at 10 min1550F (843C) at 30 min1700F (927C) at 1 h1850F (1010C) at 2 h2000F (1093C) at 4 h2300F (1260C) at 8 h or o

29、ver5.2 For a closer definition of the time-temperature curve, seeAppendix X1.NOTE 1Recommendations for Recording Fuel Flow to Furnace2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor

30、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. FIG. 1 Time-Temperature CurveE11908a2BurnersThe following provides guidance on the desired characteristicsof instrumentation for recording the flow of fuel to the furnace burners.Fuel flow data may be useful for a fu

31、rnace heat balance analysis, formeasuring the effect of furnace or control changes, and for comparing theperformance of assemblies of different properties in the fire endurancetest.4Record the integrated (cumulative) flow of gas (or other fuel) to thefurnace burners at 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and ev

32、ery 30 min thereafter ormore frequently. Total gas consumed during the total test period is also tobe determined. A recording flow meter has advantages over periodicreadings on an instantaneous or totalizing flow meter. Select a measuringand recording system to provide flow rate readings accurate to

33、 within 65%.Report the type of fuel, its higher (gross) heating value, and the fuelflow (corrected to standard conditions of 60F (16C) and 30.0 in. Hg) asa function of time.6. Furnace Temperatures6.1 The temperature fixed by the curve shall be the averagetemperature from not fewer than nine thermoco

34、uples for afloor, roof, wall, or partition and not fewer than eight thermo-couples for a structural column. Furnace thermocouples shallbe symmetrically disposed and distributed to show the tem-perature near all parts of the sample, the thermocouples beingenclosed in protection tubes of such material

35、s and dimensionsthat the time constant of the protected thermocouple assemblylies within the range from 5.0 to 7.2 min (Note 2). The exposedlength of the pyrometer tube and thermocouple in the furnacechamber shall be not less than 12 in. (305 mm). It is notprohibited to use other types of protecting

36、 tubes or pyrometersthat, under test conditions, give the same indications as theabove standard within the limit of accuracy that applies forfurnace-temperature measurements.6.1.1 For floors and columns, the junction of the thermo-couples shall be placed 12 in. (305 mm) away from theexposed face of

37、the sample at the beginning of the test and,during the test, shall not touch the sample as a result of itsdeflection.6.1.2 For walls and partitions, the thermocouples shall beplaced 6 in. (152 mm) away from the exposed face of thesample at the beginning of the test, and shall not touch thesample dur

38、ing the test, in the event of deflecton.NOTE 2Atypical thermocouple assembly meeting these time constantrequirements may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No.18 gage Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the leads in porcelain insulatorsand inserting the assembly so the thermocouple bead

39、is12 in. (13 mm)from the sealed end of a standard weight nominal12-in. iron, steel, orInconel5pipe. The time constant is either measured or calculated fromknowledge of its physical and thermal properties. The time constant forthis and for several other thermocouple assemblies was measured in1976.66.

40、2 The temperatures shall be read at intervals not exceed-ing 5 min during the first 2 h, and thereafter the intervals shallnot exceed 10 min.6.3 The accuracy of the furnace control shall be such thatthe area under the time-temperature curve, obtained by aver-aging the results from the pyrometer read

41、ings, is within 10 %of the corresponding area under the standard time-temperaturecurve shown in Fig. 1 for fire tests of1horless duration,within 7.5 % for those over 1 h and not more than 2 h, andwithin 5 % for tests exceeding2hinduration.7. Temperatures of Unexposed Surfaces of Floors, Roofs,Walls,

42、 and Partitions7.1 Temperatures of unexposed surfaces shall be measuredwith thermocouples or thermometers (Note 4) placed underdry, felted pads meeting the requirements listed in Annex A1.The wire leads of the thermocouple or the stem of thethermometer shall have an immersion under the pad and be in

43、contact with the unexposed surface for not less than 312 in. (89mm). The hot junction of the thermocouple or the bulb of thethermometer shall be placed approximately under the center ofthe pad. The outside diameter of protecting or insulating tubes,and of thermometer stems, shall be not more than516

44、 in. (8mm). The pad shall be held firmly against the surface, and shallfit closely about the thermocouples or thermometer stems.Thermometers shall be of the partial-immersion type, with alength of stem, between the end of the bulb and the immersionmark, of 3 in. (76 mm). The wires for the thermocoup

45、le in thelength covered by the pad shall be not heavier than No. 18 BSeigel, L. G.,“ Effects of Furnace Design on FireEndurance Test Results,” Fire Test Performance, ASTM STP 464 , ASTM, 1970, pp.5767; and Williamson, R. B., and Buchanan, A. H., “A Heat Balance Analysis ofthe Standard Fire Endurance

46、 Test.”5Inconel is a registered tradename of INCO Alloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr.,P. O. Box 1958, Huntingdon, WV 25720.6Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. RequestRR: E051001.E11908a3been obtained at any one point. Thereafter the readings may betaken more frequently at the discret

47、ion of the testing body, butthe intervals need not be less than 5 min.7.4 Where the conditions of acceptance place a limitation onthe rise of temperature of the unexposed surface, the tempera-ture end point of the fire endurance period shall be determinedby the average of the measurements taken at i

48、ndividual points;except that if a temperature rise 30 % in excess of the specifiedlimit occurs at any one of these points, the remainder shall beignored and the fire endurance period judged as ended.CLASSIFICATION AS DETERMINED BY TEST8. Report of Results8.1 Results shall be reported in accordance w

49、ith the perfor-mance in the tests prescribed in these test methods. They shallbe expressed in time periods of resistance, to the nearestintegral minute. Reports shall include observations of details ofthe behavior of the material or construction during the test andafter the furnace fire is extinguished, including information ondeformation, spalling, cracking, burning of the specimen or itscomponent parts, continuance of flaming, and production ofsmoke.8.2 Reports of tests involving wall, floor, beam, or ceilingconstructions in which restraint is provided ag