ASTM E119-2009b 3125 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.pdf

1、Designation: E119 09bAn American National StandardStandard Test Methods forFire Tests of Building Construction and Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of walls,

3、 columns, floors, and other building members under fire-exposureconditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions that are safe, and that are not amenace to neighboring structures or to the public. Recognition of this is registered in the codes ofmany authorities, municipal and oth

4、er. It is important to secure balance of the many units in a singlebuilding, and of buildings of like character and use in a community; and also to promote uniformityin requirements of various authorities throughout the country. To do this it is necessary that thefire-resistive properties of materia

5、ls and assemblies be measured and specified according to a commonstandard expressed in terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, andconditions of exposure.Such a standard is found in the test methods that follow. They prescribe a standard exposing fire ofcontrolled

6、extent and severity. Performance is defined as the period of resistance to standard exposureelapsing before the first critical point in behavior is observed. Results are reported in units in whichfield exposures can be judged and expressed.The test methods may be cited as the “Standard Fire Tests,”

7、and the performance or exposure shallbe expressed as “2-h,” “6-h,” “12-h,” etc.When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired, a proportionalincrease should be made in the specified time-classification period.1. Scope1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test

8、-responsestandard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and tocomposite assemblies of structural materials for buildings,including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns,girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assembliesfor floors and roofs. They are also applicable t

9、o other assem-blies and structural units that constitute permanent integralparts of a finished building.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register compara-tive performance to specific fire-test conditions during theperiod of exposure and shall not be construed as havingdetermined suita

10、bility under other conditions or for use afterfire exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment

11、of the materials, products or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposurefor comparing the test results of building construction assem-blies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessingpredicted fire performance of building construction

12、 and assem-blies. Application of these test results to predict the perfor-mance of actual building construction requires the evaluationof test conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This stan

13、dard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 onFireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved July 15, 2009

14、. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E119 09a.These test methods, of which the present standard represents a revision, wereprepared by Sectional Committee on Fire Tests of Materials and Construction, underthe joint sponsorship of the Nation

15、al Bureau of Standards, the ANSI Fire ProtectionGroup, and ASTM, functioning under the procedure of the American NationalStandards Institute. DOI: 10.1520/E0119-09B.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.responsibility of th

16、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables an

17、d figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C569 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of PreformedThermal Insulations3D6513 Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load onWood-frame Walls for Standard Fire-Resistance TestsE176 Termin

18、ology of Fire StandardsE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsE2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E176.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to ev

19、aluate the durationfor which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain afire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both propertiesduring a predetermined test exposure.4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard firecontrolled to achieve specified temperatures throughout asp

20、ecified time period. When required, the fire exposure isfollowed by the application of a specified standard fire hosestream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The testprovides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of compa-rable building elements under these fire exposure conditions.T

21、he exposure is not representative of all fire conditions becauseconditions vary with changes in the amount, nature anddistribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size andconfiguration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment.Variation from the test conditions or test specimen con

22、struc-tion, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affectsthe fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of thevariation is required for application to construction in the field.4.3 The test standard provides for the following:4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test spe

23、cimens:4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gasesthrough the test specimen.4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the loadcarrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such a

24、s beamsand columns:4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under thetest exposure with consideration for the end support conditions(that is, restrained or not restrained).4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimensconstructed wi

25、th components or lengths other than those tested.4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimencontributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxicgases, or other products of combustion.4.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation ofthe passage of smoke or products of

26、combustion through thetest specimen.4.4.4 Simulation of the fire behavior of joints betweenbuilding elements such as floor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connec-tions.4.4.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of testspecimens.4.4.6 The effect on fire-resistance of conventional openingsin the test

27、 specimen, that is, electrical receptacle outlets,plumbing pipe, etc., unless specifically provided for in theconstruction tested. Also see Test Method E814 for testing offire stops.5. Test Specimen5.1 The test specimen shall be representative of the con-struction that the test is intended to assess

28、, as to materials,workmanship, and details such as dimensions of parts, andshall be built under conditions representative of those appliedin building construction and operation. The physical propertiesof the materials and ingredients used in the test specimen shallbe determined and recorded.5.2 The

29、size and dimensions of the test specimen specifiedherein shall apply for classifying constructions of dimensionswithin the range employed in buildings. When the conditionsof use limit the construction to smaller dimensions, thedimensions of the test specimen shall be reduced proportion-ately for a t

30、est qualifying them for such restricted use.5.3 Test specimens designed with a built-up roof shall betested with a roof covering of 3-ply, 15-lb (6.8-kg) type felt,with not more than 120 lb (54 kg) per square (100 ft2(9 m2)ofhot mopping asphalt without gravel surfacing. Tests with thiscovering do no

31、t preclude the field use of other coverings witha larger number of plys of felt, with a greater amount of asphaltor with gravel surfacing.5.4 Roofing systems designed for other than the use ofbuilt-up roof coverings shall be tested using materials anddetails of construction representative of field a

32、pplication.6. Protection and Conditioning of Test Specimen6.1 Protect the test specimen during and after fabrication toensure its quality and condition at the time of test. The testspecimen shall not be tested until its required strength has beenattained, and, until an air-dry condition has been ach

33、ieved inaccordance with the requirements given in 6.2-6.4. Protect thetesting equipment and test specimen undergoing the fire-resistance test from any condition of wind or weather that iscapable of affecting results. The ambient air temperature at thebeginning of the test shall be within the range o

34、f 50 to 90F (10to 32C). The velocity of air across the unexposed surface of2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe

35、 ASTM website.3Withdrawn.E119 09b2the test specimen, measured just before the test begins, shallnot exceed 4.4 ft (1.3 m/s), as determined by an anemometerplaced at right angles to the unexposed surface. When me-chanical ventilation is employed during the test, an air streamshall not be directed acr

36、oss the surface of the test specimen.6.2 Prior to the fire-resistance test, condition test specimenswith the objective of providing moisture condition within thetest specimen representative of that in similar construction inbuildings. For purposes of standardization, this condition isestablished at

37、equilibrium resulting from conditioning in anambient atmosphere of 50 % relative humidity at 73F (Note1).6.2.1 With some constructions it is difficult or impossible toachieve such uniformity. Where this is the case, test specimensare tested when the dampest portion of the test specimen, or theportio

38、n at 6-in. (152-mm) depth below the surface of massiveconstructions, has achieved a moisture content correspondingto conditioning to equilibrium with air in the range of 50 to75 % relative humidity at 73 6 5F (23 6 3C).6.2.2 When evidence is shown that test specimens condi-tioned in a heated buildin

39、g will fail to meet the requirements of6.2 after a 12-month conditioning period, or in the event thatthe nature of the construction is such that it is evident thatconditioning of the test specimen interior is prevented byhermetic sealing, the moisture condition requirements of 6.2are permitted to be

40、 waived, and either 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shallapply.6.2.2.1 Alternative conditioning methods are permitted tobe used to achieve test specimen equilibrium prescribed in 6.2(Note 2), or6.2.2.2 The specimen tested when its strength is at leastequal to its design strength after a minimum 28 day condition-

41、ing period.6.3 Avoid conditioning procedures that will alter the struc-tural or fire-resistance characteristics of the test specimen fromthose produced as the result of conditiong in accordance withprocedures given in 6.2.6.4 Information on the actual moisture content and distri-bution within the te

42、st specimen shall be obtained within 72 hprior to the fire. Include this information in the test report (Note3).NOTE 1A recommended method for determining the relative humid-ity within a hardened concrete test specimen with electric sensingelements is described in Appendix I of the paper by Menzel,

43、C. A., “AMethod for Determining the Moisture Condition of Hardened Concrete inTerms of Relative Humidity,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 55, 1955, p. 1085.A similar procedure with electric sensing elements is permitted to be usedto determine the relative humidity within test specimens made with othermateri

44、als.With wood constructions, the moisture meter based on the electricalresistance method can be used, when appropriate, as an alternative to therelative humidity method to indicate when wood has attained the propermoisture content. Electrical methods are described on page 12-2 of the1999 edition of

45、the Wood Handbook of the Forest Products Laboratory,U.S. Department of Agriculture. The relationships between relativehumidity and moisture content are given in Table 3-4 on p. 3-7. Thisindicates that wood has a moisture content of 13 % at a relative humidityof 70 % for a temperature of 70 to 80F (2

46、1 to 27C).NOTE 2An example where alternative conditioning may be employedis where concrete specimens are conditioned at elevated temperatures in a“heated building” to more rapidly obtain the conditions described in 6.2.In such cases, temperatures other than 73F are used to reach a maximum50 % relati

47、ve humidity.NOTE 3If the moisture condition of the test specimen is likely tochange drastically from the 72-h sampling time prior to test, the samplingshould be made not later than 24 h prior to the test.7. Control7.1 Fire-Resistance Test:7.1.1 Time-Temperature Curve:7.1.1.1 The furnace temperatures

48、 shall be controlled tofollow the standard time-temperature curve shown in Fig. 1.The points on the curve that determine its character are:1000F (538C) at 5 min1300F (704C) at 10 min1550F (843C) at 30 min1700F (927C) at 1 h1850F (1010C) at 2 h2000F (1093C) at 4 h2300F (1260C) at 8 h or over7.1.1.2 F

49、or a more detailed definition of the time-temperature curve, see Appendix X1.NOTE 4Recommendations for Recording Fuel Flow to FurnaceBurnersThe following provides guidance on the desired characteristicsof instrumentation for recording the flow of fuel to the furnace burners.Fuel flow data may be useful for a furnace heat balance analysis, formeasuring the effect of furnace or control changes, and for comparing theperformance of test specimens of different properties in the fire-resistancetest.4Record the integrated (cumulative) flow of gas (or other fuel