1、Designation:E13609b Designation: E136 11An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBehavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1
3、This fire-test-response test method covers the determination under specified laboratory conditions of combustioncharacteristics of building materials.1.2 Limitations of this fire-test response test method are shown below.1.2.1 This test method does not apply to laminated or coated materials.1.2.2 Th
4、is test method is not suitable or satisfactory for materials that soften, flow, melt, intumesce or otherwise separate fromthe measuring thermocouple.1.2.3 This test method does not provide a measure of an intrinsic property.1.2.4 This test method does not provide a quantitative measure of heat gener
5、ation or combustibility; it simply serves as a testmethod with selected (end point) measures of combustibility.1.2.5 The test method does not measure the self-heating tendencies of materials.1.2.6 In this test method materials are not being tested in the nature and form used in building applications
6、. The test specimenconsists of a small, specified volume that is either (1) cut from a thick sheet; (2) assembled from multiple thicknesses of thin sheets;or (3) placed in a container if composed of granular powder or loose-fiber materials.1.2.7 Results from this test method apply to the specific te
7、st apparatus and test conditions and are likely to vary when changesare made to one or more of the following: (1) the size, shape, and arrangement of the specimen; (2) the distribution of organiccontent; (3) the exposure temperature; (4) the air supply; (5) the location of thermocouples.1.3This test
8、 method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excludingthose in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses a
9、re for information only.1.5This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,products, or asse
10、mblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 This test method includes two options, both of which use a furnace to expose test specimens of building materials to atemperature of 750C (1382F).1.3.1 The furnace for the apparatus for Option A consists of a ceramic tube containing an electric heating coil, a
11、nd twoconcentric vertical refractory tubes.1.3.2 The furnace for the apparatus for Option B (Test Method E2652) consists of an enclosed refractory tube surrounded bya heating coil with a cone-shaped airflow stabilizer.1.4 This test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory infor
12、mation. These notes and footnotes, excludingthose in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard is used to measure and des
13、cribe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 Fire testing is inherently
14、hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.71.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
15、health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.23 on Combustibility.Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 15, 2009.2011. Publis
16、hed January 2010.February 2011. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2009 asE136 09ab. DOI: 10.1520/E0136-09B.10.1520/E0136-11.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to
17、 the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyrigh
18、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of PlasticsD3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from CoalE84 Test M
19、ethod for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire Standards Terminology of Fire StandardsE2652 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shaped Airflow Stabilizer, at 750C2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 1182 Noncombustibility Test for Building Ma
20、terialsISO 13943 Fire Safety-Vocabulary2.3 Other Standard:BS 476 Combustibility Test of Materials33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this test method, refer to Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.4. S
21、ummary of Test Method4.1This test method uses a furnace consisting of a ceramic tube containing an electric heating coil to expose building materialsto a temperature of 750C (1382F) until failure occurs or for at least 30 min.4.2The furnace consists of two concentric vertical refractory tubes.4.3The
22、rmocouples are used to assess the temperature increases resulting from combustion of the building material.4.4Visual observation is used to assess the occurrence of flaming.4.1 This test method uses a furnace to expose building materials to a temperature of 750C (1382F) until failure occurs or forat
23、 least 30 min.4.2 This test method offers the choice of two options: Option A (Sections 6 through 9) and Option B (Test Method E2652).4.3 The furnace for Option A consists of two concentric vertical refractory tubes.4.4 The furnace for Option B (Test Method E2652) consists of an enclosed refractory
24、tube surrounded by a heating coil witha cone-shaped airflow stabilizer.4.5 Thermocouples are used to assess the temperature increases resulting from combustion of the building material.4.6 Visual observation is used to assess the occurrence of flaming.4.7 Section 15 is the report and acceptance crit
25、eria section for this test method (both options).5. Significance and Use5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are not duplicated, this test method will assist in indicating those materialswhich do not act to aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire.5.2 Materials passing
26、 the test are permitted limited flaming and other indications of combustion.6. Apparatus6.1The test apparatus, as shown in Apparatus for Option A6.1 The test apparatus shown in Fig. 1, shall consist primarily of the following: , shall be used for Option A and shall consistprimarily of the following:
27、6.1.1 Refractory TubesTwo concentric, refractory tubes, 76 and 102 mm (3 and 4 in.) in inside diameter and 210 to 250 mm(812 to 10 in.) in length, with axes vertical, and with heat applied by electric heating coils outside of the larger tube. A controlledflow of air is admitted tangentially near the
28、 top of the annular space between the tubes and passes to the bottom of the inner tube.The outer tube rests on a refractory bottom and the inner tube rests on three spacer blocks so as to afford a total opening underthe inner tube equal to or greater than that of the annular space. The refractory bo
29、ttom plate has a removable plug for cleaning.6.1.2 Transparent CoverA transparent cover of heat-resistant glass or other transparent material shall be provided over thetop of the inner tubes. The cover shall have a circular opening 28.7 6 0.8 mm (118 6132 in.) centered over the axis of the tubes.Thi
30、s opening has an area of 645 mm2(1.0 in.2). The cover shall be in two equally-sized, movable parts.6.1.3 Thermocouples and an automatically recording device shall be provided. The thermocouples shall be located as follows:6.1.3.1 Thermocouple T1is located in the center of the air space between the t
31、wo concentric, refractory tubes; approximately204 mm (8 in.) down from the top of the 102-mm (4-in.) diameter tube (Note 1).6.1.3.2 Thermocouple T3is located at the approximate geometric center of the specimen.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Cust
32、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E136 1126.1.3.3 Therm
33、ocouple T4is located on the surface, in contact with the test specimen; in the same horizontal plane as T3.6.1.3.4 Thermocouples T1, T3and T4shall have a time constant (time to reach 63.2 % of the furnace air temperature of 750C(1382F) of 5 to 10 s (Note 2).NOTE 1Thermocouple T1is used for better re
34、gulation of the temperature of the air in the furnace space.NOTE 2Ungrounded, metallic-sheathed thermocouples of 1-mm diameter have been found to meet the time constant requirements.6.2 Specimen HolderThe specimen holder for solid test specimens shall be as shown in Fig. 2.6.2.1 Test specimens in gr
35、anular or powder form shall be contained in thin-wall, open-top vessels of inert materials whoseoutside dimensions conform to the test specimen shape and maximum size specified in 7.17.2. These vessels shall have walls ofeither solid or mesh construction.6.3 Test Specimen LocationDuring the test, th
36、e geometric center of the test specimen shall be located at the geometric center63mm(618 in.) of the 76-mm (3-in.) diameter tube.7. Test Specimens7.1Test Specimens for Option A7.1 The test specimens for Option A shall comply with 7.2 through 7.5.7.2 All test specimens shall be 38 by 38 by 51 6 2.5 m
37、m (1.5 by 1.5 by 2.0 6 0.1 in.).7.2The7.3 The test specimens shall be dried at 60 6 3C (140 6 5F) for not less than 24 h but no more than 48 h.7.3Test7.4 Test specimens shall then be placed in a desiccator to cool at least 1 h before testing.7.4Not7.5 Not less than four identical specimens shall be
38、tested.8. Procedure8.1Procedure for Option A8.1 The procedure for Option A shall comply with 8.2 through 8.11.8.2 Test Room Setup:8.1.18.2.1 Conduct the test at room conditions of 21 6 3C (70 6 5F).NOTEInch-Pound Equivalentsin. 3 4 6 10 1034 1in.2No. 16 Awgmm 76 102 152 254 273 6.4 cm21.29FIG. 1 Cro
39、ss Section of Furnace AssemblyE136 1138.1.2The8.2.2 The test apparatus shall not be exposed to drafts or any other form of direct sunlight or artificial illuminationwhich would adversely affect the observation of flaming inside the furnace.8.1.38.2.3 The room temperature shall not change by more tha
40、n 3C(5F) during a test.8.28.3 Air FlowProvide an external air source to supply clean air through a metal tube located near the top of the test apparatus,tangentially between the annular spaced ceramic tubes. The air shall be supplied at a steady and controllable rate of 0.0027 m3/min(0.10 ft3/min) 6
41、 20 %, which will give an air flow of 3 m (10 ft)/min past a loaded test specimen in the furnace at 750C (1382F).Measure the air at room temperature, as specified in 8.1.1 8.2.1 and meter by a rotameter or other metering device in line with themetal tube.8.38.4 Stabilized Furnace TemperaturePrior to
42、 the initial heating period insert a thermocouple, T2, into the furnace from the topand place it where the geometric center of the test specimen will be during the test. Use this thermocouple to establish the stabilizedfurnace temperature.8.48.5 Test Furnace SetupPrepare the furnace by bringing the
43、temperature of thermocouple T2, located in the furnace at theposition to be occupied by the geometric center of the specimen, to a temperature of 750 6 5.5C (1382 6 10F). Maintain thetemperature in the unloaded furnace for at least 15 min to ensure stability.8.5Once8.6 Once the operating temperature
44、 has been established by thermocouple, T2, note the temperature on thermocoupleT1and control the test chamber during the test to the observed T1temperature reading. It is acceptable to use T3as T2.8.68.7 Test ProcedureAs rapidly as possible, insert the test specimen into the furnace with thermocoupl
45、e T3inserted from thetop of the test specimen to its geometric center and thermocouple T4attached to the side surface of the test specimen.8.67.1 Close the top cover to the 6.4-cm2(1-in.2) opening immediately after insertion of the test specimen. Readings forthermocouples T3and T4shall be made at in
46、tervals (Note 3) not to exceed 10 s during the first 5 min, and as often as necessaryafterwards to produce a smooth curve. Do not change the regulation of the current through the heating coils and the air flow duringthe test.NOTE 3A continuous read-out recording is preferred since it is possible for
47、 the maximum temperature to occur between the 10-s intervals.8.67.2 Continue the test until the temperatures at thermocouples T3and T4have reached maxima, or until it is evident that thespecimen does not pass this test.8.67.3 After 30 min of testing have elapsed, or at any time subsequent to that, t
48、esting shall be discontinued if, over the previousFIG. 2 Specimen Holder for Solid SpecimensE136 11410 minutes, the temperature measured at the center thermocouple T3has risen by no more than 1C in any one minute. The finaltemperature reading shall be recorded as the maximum temperature.8.78 Through
49、out the test make and record visual observations on the test specimens, noting quality, quantity, or intensity andduration of flaming or smoking, or both, and change of state.8.8Note8.9 Note and record the time of occurrence of any flaming and the duration of such flaming in seconds.NOTE 4Flaming is sometimes difficult to identify. Some specimens exhibit only flame as a steady blue-colored luminous gas zone. Do not ignorethis and note it under “observations during test” in the test report.8.9Weigh8.10 Weigh each test specimen before and
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