1、Designation: E351 93 (Reapproved 2006)E351 13Standard Test Methods forChemical Analysis of Cast IronAll Types1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the chemical an
3、alysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron,malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular(nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:Element Concentration Range, %Element Composition Range, %Aluminum4 0.003 to 0.50Aluminum 0.003 to 0.5
4、0Antimony 0.005 to 0.03Arsenic4 0.02 to 0.10Arsenic 0.02 to 0.10Bismuth4 0.001 to 0.03Bismuth 0.001 to 0.03Boron4 0.001 to 0.10Boron 0.001 to 0.10Cadmium4 0.001 to 0.005Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005Carbon 1.25 to 4.50Cerium4 0.005 to 0.05Cerium 0.005 to 0.05Chromium 0.01 to 30.00Cobalt4 0.01 to 4.50Cobalt
5、0.01 to 4.50Copper 0.03 to 7.50Lead4 0.001 to 0.15Lead 0.001 to 0.15Magnesium 0.002 to 0.10Manganese 0.06 to 2.50Molybdenum 0.01 to 5.00Nickel 0.01 to 36.00Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.90Selenium4 0.001 to 0.06Selenium 0.001 to 0.06Silicon 0.10 to 6.0Silicon 0.10 to 6.0Sulfur 0.005 to 0.25Tellurium4 0.001 t
6、o 0.35Tellurium 0.001 to 0.35Tin4 0.001 to 0.35Tin 0.001 to 0.35Titanium4 0.001 to 0.20Titanium 0.001 to 0.20Tungsten4 0.001 to 0.20Tungsten 0.001 to 0.20Vanadium4 0.005 to 0.50Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50Zinc4 0.005 to 0.20Zinc 0.005 to 0.201.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the secti
7、ons indicated below:1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.Current edition approved June 1, 2006Feb. 1, 2013. Publishe
8、d June 2006May 2013. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as E351 93(2000) 1. DOI: 10.1520/E0351-93R06. (Reapproved 2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0351-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what
9、 changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the
10、official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionsCarbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Gravimetric Method (1to 3 %) 108Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared AbsorptionMethod (1 % to 3 %) 1
11、08Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 to4.50 %) 97Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to4.50 %)Discontinued 97Cerium and Lanthanum by the D-C Plasma Optical EmissionMethod (Ce: 0.003 to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 to 0.30 %) 237Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Curr
12、ent Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001% to 0.30 %) 237Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 to 1.00 %) 208Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate OxidationTitration Method(0.006 to 1.00 %) 218Ch
13、romium by the Peroxydisulfate OxidationTitration Method(0.006 % to 1.00 %) 218Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05to 30.0 %) 4 aChromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05% to 30.0 %)DiscontinuedCobalt by the Ion-ExchangePotentiometric Titration M
14、ethod (2.0 to4.5 %) 53Cobalt by the Ion-ExchangePotentiometric Titration Method (2.0 %to 4.5 %) 53Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Photometric Method (0.01 to 4.50 %) 61Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to4.50 %) 61Copper by the Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.03 to 7.5 %)
15、 116Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to7.5 %) 116Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition GravimetricMethod (0.03 to 7.5 %) 81Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition GravimetricMethod (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 81Lead by the Ion-ExchangeAtomic Absorption
16、Method (0.001 to0.15 %) 126Lead by the Ion-ExchangeAtomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to0.15 %) 126Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 to 0.10 %) 71Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 71Manganese by the Periodate Photometric Method (0.10 to 2.00 %) 8Manganese by
17、 the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to2.00 %) 8Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10to 3.5 %) 152Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10% to 3.5 %) 152Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange8-Hydroxyquinoline GravimetricMethod 257Molybdenum
18、 by the Ion Exchange8-Hydroxyquinoline GravimetricMethod 257Molybdenum by the Photometric Method (0.01 to 1.5 %) 196Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %) 196Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 to36.00 %) 168Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method
19、(0.1 % to 36.00%) 168Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 to1.00 %) 176Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 % to1.00 %) 176Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 to 0.90 %) 160Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %) 160Phosphorus by t
20、he Molybdenum Blue Photometric Method (0.02 to0.90 %) 18Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method(0.02 % to 0.90 %) 18Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 to 6.0 %) 46Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %) 46Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method 30Sulfur by the Gravimetric
21、 MethodDiscontinued 30Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 to 0.25 %) 37E351 132Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to0.25 %)Discontinued 37Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method 4 bSulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric MethodDiscontinuedTin by
22、the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to0.10 %) 186Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %) 89Titanium, Total, by the Diantipyrylmethane SpectrophotometricMethod (0.006 % to 0.35 %) 246Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 2271.3 Pro
23、cedures for the determination of several elements carbon and sulfur not included in these test methods can be found inTest Methods E30 and Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the concentrationcomposition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method and therefore thisstandard contain
24、s multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper method by matching the information givenin the Scope and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, except
25、ions allowed in Practice E380 are alsoused.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator
26、ylimitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 56 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout theseMethods.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance w
27、ith SpecificationsE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron.5E50 Practices forApparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for ChemicalAnalysis of Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Material
28、s by SpectrophotometryE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn 1998)3E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Si
29、licon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and WroughtIronE352 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy SteelsE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-IronAlloysE380 Practice for Use o
30、f the International System of Units (SI) (Modernized (the Modernized Metric System) (Withdrawn1997)3E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis LaboratoryE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt All
31、oys byVarious Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1024 Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(Withdrawn 2004)3E1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition2.2 Other Document:4ISO 5725 Precision of
32、Test MethodsDetermination of Repeatability and Reproducibility for Inter-Laboratory Tests3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E135.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intende
33、d as referee methods to test suchmaterials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 onIron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory2 For refere
34、ncedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is ref
35、erenced on www.astm.org.The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E351 133procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that w
36、ork will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriatequality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.5. Apparatus, Reagents, and Instrumental Practices5.1 ApparatusSpecialized apparatus requirements are listed in theApparatus section in each method. In some cases
37、referencemay be made to Practices E50.5.2 Reagents:5.2.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents used inthese test methods shall it is intended that all reagents conform to the Reagent Grade Specifications of the American Chemica
38、lSociety.specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such specifications areavailable.5 Other chemicalsgrades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that they are the reagent is of sufficiently high purityto permit theirits use without adverse
39、ly affecting the expected performance of the determination, as indicated in the section on“Precision and Bias.”lessening the accuracy of the determination.5.2.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined byType conforming to Ty
40、pe I or Type II of Specification D1193. Type III or IV may be used if they effect no measurable change inthe blank or sample.5.3 PhotometricSpectrophotometric PracticePhotometricSpectrophotometric practice prescribed in these test methods shallconform to Practice E60.6. Hazards6.1 For precautions to
41、 be observed in the use of certain reagents and equipment in these methods, refer to Practices E50.7. Sampling7.1 For procedures for sampling the material, reference shall be made to Practice E1806.8. Interlaboratory Studies and Rounding Calculated Values8.1 These test methods have been evaluated us
42、ing in accordance with Practice E173 (withdrawn 1997) or ISO 5725. TheReproducibility R2 of E173 corresponds to the Reproducibility Index R of E1601. The Repeatability R1 of E173 corresponds tothe Repeatability Index r of E1601.8.2 Calculated values shall be rounded to the desired number of places a
43、s directed in 3.4 to 3.6in accordance with the RoundingMethod of Practice E29.MANGANESE BY THE METAPERIODATE PHOTOMETRICSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD9. Scope9.1 This test method covers the determination of manganese in concentrationscompositions from 0.10 % to 2.00 %.10. Summary of Method10.1 Manganous
44、ions are oxidized to permanganate ions by reaction with metaperiodate ions. Solutions of the samples arefumed with perchloricHClO4 acid so that the effect of metaperiodate ion is limited to the oxidation of manganese.PhotometricSpectrophotometric measurement is made at approximately 545 nm.11. Conce
45、ntration Range11.1 The recommended concentration range is 0.15 mg to 0.8 mg of manganese per 50 mL of solution, using a 1-cm cell (Note1) and a spectrophotometer with a band width of 10 nm or less.NOTE 1This method has been written for cells having a 1-cm light path and a narrow-band instrument. The
46、 concentration range depends upon bandwidth and spectral region used as well as cell optical path length. Cells having other dimensions may be used, provided suitable adjustments can be madein the amounts of sample and reagents used.12. Stability of Color12.1 The color is stable for at least 24 h.5
47、Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmac
48、opeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.E351 13413. Interferences13.1 The elements ordinarily present do not interfere. PerchloricHClO4 acid treatment, which is used in the procedure, yieldssolutions which can be highly colored due to the presence of Cr
49、 (VI) ions.Although these ions and other colored ions in the samplesolution undergo no further change in color quality upon treatment with metaperiodate ion, the following precautions must beobserved when filter photometersspectrophotometers are used: Select a filter with maximum transmittance between 545 nm and565 nm. The filter must transmit not more than 5 % of its maximum at a wavelength shorter than 530 nm. The band width of thefilter should be less than 30 nm when measured at 50 % of its maximum transmittance. Similar restrictions apply with respec
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