1、Designation: E72 13E72 13aStandard Test Methods ofConducting Strength Tests of Panels for BuildingConstruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONSound engineering design of structures using
3、 existing or new materials requires accurate technicaldata on the strength and rigidity of the basic elements employed in various construction systems. It isthe purpose of these test methods to provide a systematic basis for obtaining engineering data onvarious construction elements and structural d
4、etails of value to designers, builders, building officials,and others interested in this field. The results should closely approximate the performance in actualservice.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor,
5、androof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 3Loading 4Deformation Measurements 5Reports 6Precision and Accuracy 7TESTING WALLSSignificance and Use 8Compressive Load 9Tensile Load 10Transverse LoadSpecimen Horizontal 11Transverse LoadSpecimen Vertical 12Concentrated Load 13Impact LoadSee Test Methods
6、 E695 andE661Racking LoadEvaluation of SheathingMaterials on a Standard Wood Frame14Racking LoadEvaluation of SheathingMaterials (Wet) on a Standard WoodFrame15TESTING FLOORSSignificance and Use 16Transverse Load 17Concentrated Load 18Impact LoadSee Test Methods E695 andE661TESTING ROOFSSectionSigni
7、ficance and Use 19Transverse Load 20Concentrated Load 211 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 onHorizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.Curre
8、nt edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 asE72 10.E72 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0072-13.10.1520/E0072-13A.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard a
9、n indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is t
10、o be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1APPENDIXTechnical Interpretation Appendix X11.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parenthese
11、s are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionSI units are used in Fig. 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsE4 Practices for Force Verifi
12、cation of Testing MachinesE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance of Framed Walls for BuildingsE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and AssembliesE661 Test Meth
13、od for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Static and ImpactLoadsE695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance of Wall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE2309 Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in
14、Material Testing MachinesE2322 Test Method for Conducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction2.2 Other Document:3NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS20 American Softwood Lumber Standard3. Test Specimens3.1 SizeThere shall be at least three specimens for
15、 each test. Specimens shall be constructed to represent sections of the wall,floor, or roof assembly. The specimens shall be representative as to material and workmanship and shall be of the largest practicalsize to predict structural performance attributes of the assembly. Unsymmetrical assemblies
16、shall be tested in each axis for whichthe results may be different.3.2 Length or HeightThe length or height of specimen for each element shall be chosen to conform to the length or heightof that element in actual use.3.3 WidthThe width of specimen shall be chosen, insofar as possible, to include sev
17、eral of the principal load-carryingmembers to ensure that the behavior under load will simulate that under service conditions. With the exception of specimens forthe racking load test, the nominal width of wall specimens shall be 4 ft (1.2 m). The actual width of specimens shall be a wholenumber mul
18、tiplied by the spacing of the principal load-carrying members except for prefabricated panels, for which the actualwidth shall be the width of panel used. If the structural properties of a particular construction are to be compared with anotherconstruction, there should not be a great difference in
19、the actual widths of the specimens.3.4 AgeConstructions, such as concrete and masonry (brick, structural clay tile, concrete block) for which the structuralproperties depend upon the age of the specimen, shall be tested not less than 25 days nor more than 31 days after fabrication. Thisage requireme
20、nt applies also to plastered and stuccoed constructions.4. Loading4.1 ApparatusThe testing machine or load-measuring apparatus shall comply with the requirements prescribed in Practice E4.4.2 Application of LoadApply the load to all of the specimens in any test in increments so chosen that a suffici
21、ent numberof readings will be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformation curve (see Section 6). Record the initial reading of theload and the reading of the deformation, either with no load on the specimen or under a small initial load. Increase the load to thefirst increment and record t
22、he deformation. Unless otherwise specified, decrease the load to the initial load and record the set(sometimes designated “permanent set”). Increase the load to two increments and record the set, when it is released to the initialload. Follow this sequence of readings for three increments, four incr
23、ements, and so forth, of load. When for each specimen thebehavior of the specimen under load indicates that the specimen might fail suddenly and damage the deformation-measuringapparatus, remove this apparatus from the specimen and increase the load continuously until the maximum load that can be ap
24、pliedto the specimen is determined.4.3 Duration of Load ApplicationExcept for racking tests, after each increment of load is applied, maintain the load level asconstant as possible for a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readings as soon as practical after load application, atthe end of
25、 the 5-min period under constant load, and immediately and at the end of the 5-min period after any partial or completeload release. Plot initial and 5-min readings in the form of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation-time2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, w
26、ww.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 2
27、0899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.E72 13a2records throughout the test. If application of a given load is required for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformation readingsat the beginning, at intervals during this period, and at the end of this period, to allow the satisfactory plotting of a time-de
28、formationcurve for the complete period.NOTE 1Reasons for the 5-min application of constant-level increment loads are as follows:(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to taking the second set of readings (Depending on the method employed for applyingthe test load, it may be n
29、ecessary to continue, at a reduced rate, the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant load level during the5-min period.)(2) To provide sufficient time for making all observations. (Longer time intervals may be required under certain conditions.)(3) To observe any time-dependen
30、t deformation or load redistribution, or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayed load-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions, havean important bearing on the design load.(4
31、) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to total failure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of the observations.(5) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in test results.5. Deformation Measurements5.1 Measure the deformations with suf
32、ficient precision to define the load-deformation relationship, and report at least to thenearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). The deformation-measuring apparatus specified for any loading may be replaced by other apparatus,provided that it permits readings of deformation that are equivalent in accuracy to th
33、ose from the specified apparatus.6. Reports6.1 Show the results of each of the tests graphically, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Plot loads as ordinates and the deformations asabscissas for all tests. There shall be at least three specimens for each test, and the results for each test shall be shown on t
34、he samegraph. Show the points for deformation under load by open circles and those for set by solid circles. Average the three values foreither the deformation or the set and plot this average value in pencil on the graph. Draw a smooth curve among the average pointsto show the average behavior of t
35、he construction. The load-deformation curves shall be continuous lines and the load-set curvesshall be dashed lines. Although the particular specimen for each point on the graph is not designated, record it on the laboratorydata sheets. If readings are obtained under greater loads for some specimens
36、 than for others, plot all the values, but draw the curvesonly to the average values for which there are three values.6.2 Prepare the test report in accordance with Practice E575.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made either on the precision or on the bias of these test methods due to the var
37、iety of materials andcombinations of materials involved.TESTING WALLS8. Significance and Use8.1 The procedures described are those that will test the behavior of segments of wall construction under conditionsrepresentative of those encountered in service. Performance criteria based on data from thos
38、e procedures can ensure structuraladequacy and service life.FIG. 1 Typical Graph Showing ResultsE72 13a39. Compressive Load9.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three like specimens, each having a height equal to the length of the element anda nominal width of 4 ft (1.2 m) (see Section 3).9.2 App
39、aratusThe apparatus shall be assembled as shown in Fig. 2 and shall conform to the detailed requirements forcomponent parts prescribed in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2, or the equivalent.9.2.1 CompressometerAbracket shall be attached to the specimen near the upper end, supporting a metal rod.Abracket shallalso be
40、 attached to the specimen near its lower end, supporting a deflectionmeasuring device with the spindle up and the gagelength shall be recorded. The conical end of the rod shall seat in a hole in the end of the spindle and the rod and spindle shall beheld in contact by stretched rubber bands. The def
41、lectionmeasuring device shall be graduated to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) or less.9.2.2 DeflectometerA fine wire shall be attached to a clamp near the upper end of the specimen. The free end connected tostretched rubber bands shall be attached to a clamp near the lower end of the specimen. A mirror having
42、a paper scale one-halfthe width of the mirror shall be attached horizontally to the edge of the specimen at midheight. The scale shall be graduated to0.1 in. (2.5 mm) or less.9.3 Procedure:9.3.1 LoadingTest the specimen as a column having a flat end at the bottom (Fig. 2).Apply compressive loads to
43、a steel platecovering the upper end of the specimen. Apply the load uniformly along a line parallel to the inside face, and one-third thethickness of the specimen from the inside face. For wood construction, a rate of loading corresponding to a movement of the testingmachine crosshead of nominally 0
44、.03 in./min (0.8 mm/min) has been found satisfactory.9.3.2 Load-Deformation DataAttach four compressometers to the faces of the specimen, one near each corner of the specimenas shown in Fig. 2, to measure the shortening of the specimen. Record the readings to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).9.3.3 L
45、ateral DeflectionAttach two deflectometers, one to each edge of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 2. Record the readings,when the image of the wire coincides with the wire, to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).9.4 Calculations and Report:9.4.1 DeformationFor each compressometer, calculate the shortening u
46、nder each load as the difference between the readingof the compressometer when the load is applied and the initial reading. Calculate the shortening of the specimen as the averageof the shortenings for each of the four compressometers multiplied by the ratio: specimen length divided by the compresso
47、metergage length. Obtain the sets in a similar manner.9.4.2 Lateral DeflectionCalculate the lateral deflection and the lateral set under each load for each deflectometer as thedifference between the reading of the deflectometer when the load is applied and the initial reading. Calculate the lateral
48、deflectionand lateral set for the specimen as the average of the lateral deflection and lateral set of the two deflectometers.9.4.3 Data PresentationRecord the maximum load for each specimen and report the results of load-deformation andload-deflection measurements in the form of a graph in accordan
49、ce with Section 6. Report gage lengths of all deflection ordeformation gages.FIG. 2 Compressive Load Test on Wall SpecimenE72 13a410. Tensile Load10.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three like specimens, each having a height equal to the length of the element anda nominal width of 4 ft (1.2 m) (see Section 3).10.2 ApparatusThe apparatus preferably shall be assembled in a vertical testing machine and shall conform to the detailedrequirements for component parts prescribed in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2, or the equivalent, with the exception that the co
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