1、Designation: E72 14E72 14aStandard Test Methods ofConducting Strength Tests of Panels for BuildingConstruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONSound engineering design of structures
3、using existing or new materials requires accurate technicaldata on the strength and rigidity of the basic elements employed in various construction systems. It isthe purpose of these test methods to provide a systematic basis for obtaining engineering data onvarious construction elements and structu
4、ral details of value to designers, builders, building officials,and others interested in this field. The results should closely approximate the performance in actualservice.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of wall, fl
5、oor, androof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 3Loading 4Deformation Measurements 5Reports 6Precision and Accuracy 7TESTING WALLSSignificance and Use 8Compressive Load 9Tensile Load 10Transverse LoadSpecimen Horizontal 11Transverse LoadSpecimen Vertical 12Concentrated Load 13Impact LoadSee Test Me
6、thods E695 and E661Racking LoadEvaluation of Sheathing Materialson a Standard Wood Frame14Racking LoadEvaluation of Sheathing Materials (Wet)on a Standard Wood Frame15TESTING FLOORSSignificance and Use 16Transverse Load 17Concentrated Load 18Impact LoadSee Test Methods E695 and E661TESTING ROOFSSect
7、ionSignificance and Use 19Transverse Load 20Concentrated Load 21APPENDIXTechnical Interpretation Appendix X11.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are
8、 not considered standard.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 onHorizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.Current edition approved June 1, 201
9、4July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asE72 13a.E72 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0072-14.10.1520/E0072-14A.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes hav
10、e been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official doc
11、ument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.2.1 ExceptionSI units are used in Fig. 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based
12、MaterialsD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application of Hand-Held Moisture MetersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE564 Prac
13、tice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance of Framed Walls for BuildingsE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and AssembliesE661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Stati
14、c and ImpactLoadsE695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance of Wall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE2126 Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force ResistingSystems for BuildingsE2309/E2309M Practices for Verific
15、ation of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing MachinesE2322 Test Method for Conducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests on Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction2.2 Other Document:3NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS20 American Softwood Lumber Standard3. Test
16、Specimens3.1 SizeThere shall be at least three specimens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to represent sections of the wall,floor, or roof assembly. The specimens shall be representative as to material and workmanship and shall be of the largest practicalsize to predict structural perfo
17、rmance attributes of the assembly. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall be tested in each axis for whichthe results may be different.3.2 Length or HeightThe length or height of specimen for each element shall be chosen to conform to the length or heightof that element in actual use.3.3 WidthThe width of s
18、pecimen shall be chosen, insofar as possible, to include several of the principal load-carryingmembers to ensure that the behavior under load will simulate that under service conditions. With the exception of specimens forthe racking load test, the nominal width of wall specimens shall be 4 ft (1.2
19、m). The actual width of specimens shall be a wholenumber multiplied by the spacing of the principal load-carrying members except for prefabricated panels, for which the actualwidth shall be the width of panel used. If the structural properties of a particular construction are to be compared with ano
20、therconstruction, there should not be a great difference in the actual widths of the specimens.3.4 AgeConstructions, such as concrete and masonry (brick, structural clay tile, concrete block) for which the structuralproperties depend upon the age of the specimen, shall be tested not less than 25 day
21、s nor more than 31 days after fabrication. Thisage requirement applies also to plastered and stuccoed constructions.4. Loading4.1 ApparatusThe testing machine or load-measuring apparatus shall comply with the requirements prescribed in PracticesE4.4.2 Application of LoadApply the load to all of the
22、specimens in any test in increments so chosen that a sufficient numberof readings will be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformation curve (see Section 6). Record the initial reading of theload and the reading of the deformation, either with no load on the specimen or under a small initia
23、l load. Increase the load to thefirst increment and record the deformation. Unless otherwise specified, decrease the load to the initial load and record the set(sometimes designated “permanent set”). Increase the load to two increments and record the set, when it is released to the initialload. Foll
24、ow this sequence of readings for three increments, four increments, and so forth, of load. When for each specimen thebehavior of the specimen under load indicates that the specimen might fail suddenly and damage the deformation-measuringapparatus, remove this apparatus from the specimen and increase
25、 the load continuously until the maximum load that can be appliedto the specimen is determined.4.3 Duration of Load ApplicationExcept for racking tests, after each increment of load is applied, maintain the load level asconstant as possible for a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readin
26、gs as soon as practical after load application, atthe end of the 5-min period under constant load, and immediately and at the end of the 5-min period after any partial or complete2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
27、For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.E72 14a2load release. Plot initial
28、and 5-min readings in the form of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation-timerecords throughout the test. If application of a given load is required for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformation readingsat the beginning, at intervals during this period, and at the end of
29、this period, to allow the satisfactory plotting of a time-deformationcurve for the complete period.NOTE 1Reasons for the 5-min application of constant-level increment loads are as follows:(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to taking the second set of readings (Depending o
30、n the method employed for applyingthe test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate, the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant load level during the5-min period.)(2) To provide sufficient time for making all observations. (Longer time intervals may be require
31、d under certain conditions.)(3) To observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution, or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayed load-deformation curves. This load level may, under certai
32、n conditions, havean important bearing on the design load.(4) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to total failure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of the observations.(5) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in test results.5. D
33、eformation Measurements5.1 Measure the deformations with sufficient precision to define the load-deformation relationship, and report at least to thenearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). The deformation-measuring apparatus specified for any loading may be replaced by other apparatus,provided that it permits r
34、eadings of deformation that are equivalent in accuracy to those from the specified apparatus.6. Reports6.1 Show the results of each of the tests graphically, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Plot loads as ordinates and the deformations asabscissas for all tests. There shall be at least three specimens for
35、each test, and the results for each test shall be shown on the samegraph. Show the points for deformation under load by open circles and those for set by solid circles. Average the three values foreither the deformation or the set and plot this average value in pencil on the graph. Draw a smooth cur
36、ve among the average pointsto show the average behavior of the construction. The load-deformation curves shall be continuous lines and the load-set curvesshall be dashed lines. Although the particular specimen for each point on the graph is not designated, record it on the laboratorydata sheets. If
37、readings are obtained under greater loads for some specimens than for others, plot all the values, but draw the curvesonly to the average values for which there are three values.6.2 Prepare the test report in accordance with Practice E575.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made either on the p
38、recision or on the bias of these test methods due to the variety of materials andcombinations of materials involved.TESTING WALLS8. Significance and Use8.1 The procedures described are those that will test the behavior of segments of wall construction under conditionsrepresentative of those encounte
39、red in service. Performance criteria based on data from those procedures can ensure structuraladequacy and service life.FIG. 1 Typical Graph Showing ResultsE72 14a39. Compressive Load9.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three like specimens, each having a height equal to the length of the elemen
40、t anda nominal width of 4 ft (1.2 m) (see Section 3).9.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be assembled as shown in Fig. 2 and shall conform to the detailed requirements forcomponent parts prescribed in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2, or the equivalent.9.2.1 CompressometerAbracket shall be attached to the specimen near
41、 the upper end, supporting a metal rod.Abracket shallalso be attached to the specimen near its lower end, supporting a deflectionmeasuring device with the spindle up and the gagelength shall be recorded. The conical end of the rod shall seat in a hole in the end of the spindle and the rod and spindl
42、e shall beheld in contact by stretched rubber bands. The deflectionmeasuring device shall be graduated to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) or less.9.2.2 DeflectometerA fine wire shall be attached to a clamp near the upper end of the specimen. The free end connected tostretched rubber bands shall be attached to
43、a clamp near the lower end of the specimen. A mirror having a paper scale one-halfthe width of the mirror shall be attached horizontally to the edge of the specimen at midheight. The scale shall be graduated to0.1 in. (2.5 mm) or less.9.3 Procedure:9.3.1 LoadingTest the specimen as a column having a
44、 flat end at the bottom (Fig. 2).Apply compressive loads to a steel platecovering the upper end of the specimen. Apply the load uniformly along a line parallel to the inside face, and one-third thethickness of the specimen from the inside face. For wood construction, a rate of loading corresponding
45、to a movement of the testingmachine crosshead of nominally 0.03 in./min (0.8 mm/min) has been found satisfactory.9.3.2 Load-Deformation DataAttach four compressometers to the faces of the specimen, one near each corner of the specimenas shown in Fig. 2, to measure the shortening of the specimen. Rec
46、ord the readings to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).9.3.3 Lateral DeflectionAttach two deflectometers, one to each edge of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 2. Record the readings,when the image of the wire coincides with the wire, to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).9.4 Calculations and Report:9.4.1 De
47、formationFor each compressometer, calculate the shortening under each load as the difference between the readingof the compressometer when the load is applied and the initial reading. Calculate the shortening of the specimen as the averageof the shortenings for each of the four compressometers multi
48、plied by the ratio: specimen length divided by the compressometergage length. Obtain the sets in a similar manner.9.4.2 Lateral DeflectionCalculate the lateral deflection and the lateral set under each load for each deflectometer as thedifference between the reading of the deflectometer when the loa
49、d is applied and the initial reading. Calculate the lateral deflectionand lateral set for the specimen as the average of the lateral deflection and lateral set of the two deflectometers.9.4.3 Data PresentationRecord the maximum load for each specimen and report the results of load-deformation andload-deflection measurements in the form of a graph in accordance with Section 6. Report gage lengths of all deflection ordeformation gages.FIG. 2 Compressive Load Test on Wall SpecimenE72 14a410. Tensile Load10.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on thre
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