1、Designation: E90 09 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound TransmissionLoss of Building Partitions and Elements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODU
3、CTIONThis test method is part of a set for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of building elements.It is designed to measure the transmission of sound through a partition or partition element in alaboratory. Others in the set cover the measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method
4、E336), the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492),the measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), the measurementof sound transmission through building facades and facade elements (Guide E966), the measurementof sound tran
5、smission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414), a quickmethod for the determination of airborne sound isolation in multiunit buildings (Practice E597), andthe measurement of sound transmission through door panels and systems (Test Method E1425).1. Scope1.1 This test method co
6、vers the laboratory measurement ofairborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such aswalls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies,doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing ele-ments.1.2 Laboratories are designed so the test specimen consti-tutes the pri
7、mary sound transmission path between the two testrooms and so approximately diffuse sound fields exist in therooms.1.3 Laboratory AccreditationThe requirements for ac-crediting a laboratory for performing this test method are givenin Annex A4.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
8、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C423 Test Method for SoundAbs
9、orption and SoundAbsorp-tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodC634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcousticsE336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundAttenuation between Rooms in BuildingsE413 Classification for Rating Sound InsulationE492 Test Method for Labora
10、tory Measurement of ImpactSound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling AssembliesUsing the Tapping MachineE966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne SoundAttenuation of Building Facades and Facade ElementsE1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of TappingMachine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floo
11、r-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support StructuresE1111 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenuationof Open Office ComponentsE1289 Specification for Reference Specimen for SoundTransmission LossE1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound At-tenuation1This test method is under the
12、 jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE33.03 on Sound Transmission.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E90 09. DOI:10.1
13、520/E0090-09R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
14、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendation
15、s issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling PlenumE1425 Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performanceof Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall SystemsE2235 Test
16、 Method for Determination of Decay Rates forUse in Sound Insulation Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:S1.6-1984 (R2006) American National Standard PreferredFrequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band Numbers forAcoustical Measurement3S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard PressureMicrophones3S1.
17、11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters3S1.40 Specifications and Verification Procedures for SoundCalibrators3S1.43 Specifications for Integrating-Averaging Sound-LevelMeters3S12.51 AcousticsDetermination of Sound Power Levelsof Noise Sources Using Soun
18、d PressurePrecision Meth-ods for Reverberation Rooms32.3 ISO Standards:ISO 717 Rating of Sound Insulation for Dwellings3ISO 3741 AcousticsDetermination of Sound Power Levelof Noise SourcesPrecision Methods for ReverberationRooms32.4 IEC Standards:IEC 60942 ElectroacousticsSound Calibrators4IEC 61672
19、 ElectroacousticsSound Level MetersPart 1:Specifications43. Terminology3.1 The following terms used in this test method havespecific meanings that are defined in Terminology C634.acoustical barrier reverberation roomairborne sound sound absorptionaverage sound pressure level sound attenuationbackgro
20、und noise sound energydamp sound insulationdecay rate sound isolationdecibel sound leveldiffraction sound powerdiffuse sound field sound pressuredirect sound field sound pressure levelflanking transmission sound transmission levellevel sound transmission classoctave band sound transmission coefficie
21、ntpink noise sound transmission lossreceiving room source roomreverberant sound field unit3.1.1 For the purposes of this test method, transmission lossis operationally defined as the difference in decibels betweenthe average sound pressure levels in the reverberant source andreceiving rooms, plus te
22、n times the common logarithm of theratio of the area of the common partition to the soundabsorption in the receiving room (see Eq 5).NOTE 1Sound transmission coefficient and sound transmission lossare related by either of the two equations:TL 5 10log1/! (1) 5 102TL/10(2)4. Summary of Test Method4.1
23、Two adjacent reverberation rooms are arranged with anopening between them in which the test partition is installed.Care is taken that the only significant sound transmission pathbetween rooms is by way of the test partition. An approxi-mately diffuse sound field is produced in one room, the sourcero
24、om. Sound incident on the test partition causes it to vibrateand create a sound field in the second room, the receivingroom. The space- and time-averaged sound pressure levels inthe two rooms are determined. In addition, with the testspecimen in place, the sound absorption in the receiving roomis de
25、termined. The sound pressure levels in the two rooms, thesound absorption in the receiving room and the area of thespecimen are used to calculate sound transmission loss asshown in Section 11. Because transmission loss is a function offrequency, measurements are made in a series of frequencybands.4.
26、2 In theory, it is not important which room is designated asthe source and which as the receiving room. In practice,different values of sound transmission loss may be measuredwhen the roles are reversed. To compensate for this, the entiremeasurement may be repeated with the roles reversed; thesource
27、 room becomes the receiving room and vice versa. Thetwo sets of transmission loss values are then averaged toproduce the final result for the laboratory.4.3 Additional procedures that may be followed whentesting doors are given in Test Method E1425.5. Significance and Use5.1 Sound transmission loss
28、as defined in TerminologyC634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuseincident sound field, and this is the test condition approachedby this laboratory test method. The test results are thereforemost directly relevant to the performance of similar specimensexposed to similar sound f
29、ields. They provide, however, auseful general measure of performance for the variety of soundfields to which a partition or element may typically be exposed.5.2 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements ofthis test method, the intent is that only significant path forsound transmission bet
30、ween the rooms is through the testspecimen. This is not generally the case in buildings wherethere are often many other paths for soundsflanking soundtransmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using thistest method do not relate directly to sound isolation inbuildings; they represent an upper
31、 limit to what would bemeasured in a field test.5.3 This test method is not intended for field tests. Fieldtests shall be performed according to Test Method E336.NOTE 2The comparable quantity measured using Test Method E336is called the apparent sound transmission loss because of the presence offlan
32、king sound transmission.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue deVaremb, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.
33、E90 09 (2016)26. Test Rooms6.1 The test rooms shall be so constructed and arranged thatthe test specimen constitutes the only important transmissionpath between them. Laboratories must investigate their flank-ing limit and prepare a report as described in Annex A5.6.2 The spatial variations of sound
34、 pressure level measuredin the each room shall be such that the precision requirementsin Annex A2 are satisfied at all frequencies.6.3 Volume of RoomsThe minimum volume of each roomis 80 m3.NOTE 3See Appendix X1 for recommendations for new construction.6.4 Room AbsorptionThe sound absorption in the
35、receiv-ing room should be low to achieve the best possible simulationof the ideal diffuse field condition, and to minimize the regiondominated by the direct field of the test specimen. In thefrequency range that extends from f = 2000V1/3to 2000 Hz,the absorption in the receiving room (as furnished w
36、ithdiffusers) should be no greater than:A 5 V2/3/3 (3)where:V = the room volume, m3, andA = the sound absorption of the room, m2.6.4.1 For frequencies below f = 2000 V1/3, somewhathigher absorption may be desirable to accommodate require-ments of other test methods (for example, ISO 3741); in anycas
37、e, the absorption should be no greater than three times thevalue given by Eq 3.NOTE 4For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmospheric absorption maymake it impossible to avoid a slightly higher value than that given in Eq3.6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the average temperatures ineach room during all aco
38、ustical measurements shall be in therange 22 6 5C and the average relative humidity shall be atleast 30 %.6.5.1 When testing specimens with temperature sensitivematerials, such as systems that incorporate laminated glass, theaverage temperature of the specimen and in each room duringall acoustical m
39、easurements shall be in the range 22 6 2C.NOTE 5The sound damping properties of viscoelastic substratesbetween panels (glass, metal, etc.) and of viscoelastic materials used tomount glass often depend on temperature. This requirement minimizesany effects this has on measured sound transmission loss.
40、6.6 During the sound pressure level and the correspondingsound absorption measurements, variations in temperature andhumidity in the receiving room shall not exceed 3C and 3 %relative humidity respectively. Temperature and humidity shallbe measured and recorded as often as necessary to ensurecomplia
41、nce.6.6.1 If a relative humidity of at least 30 % can not bemaintained in the receiving room, users of the test method shallverify by calculation that changes in the 10 log A0term (see11.1) due to changes in temperature and humidity do notexceed 0.5 dB.NOTE 6Procedures for calculating air absorption
42、 are described in TestMethod C423.7. Test Specimens7.1 Size and MountingAny test specimen that is to typifya wall or floor shall be large enough to include all the essentialconstructional elements in their normal size, and in a propor-tion typical of actual use. The minimum dimension (excludingthick
43、ness) shall be 2.4 m, except that specimens of doors, officescreens, and other smaller building elements shall be theircustomary size. Preformed panel structures should include atleast two complete modules (panels plus edge mountingelements), although single panels can be tested. In all cases thetes
44、t specimen shall be installed in a manner similar to actualconstruction, with a careful simulation of normal constraintand sealing conditions at the perimeter and at joints within thefield of the specimen. Detailed reporting and installationprocedures for particular types of building separation elem
45、entsare given in Annex A1.7.2 Offce ScreensThe minimum area of an office screenspecimen shall be 2.3 m2. Testing an office screen according tothis test method is only appropriate when the property ofinterest is sound transmission through the main body of thescreen. Screens that incorporate electrica
46、l raceways may allowsound to pass through easily in this region. Such parts of anoffice screen shall be included as part of the specimen. For acomplete test of the screen as a barrier, including the effects ofdiffraction and leakage, Test Method E1111 is recommended.7.3 Operable Door SystemsMeasurem
47、ents may be inaccordance with Test Method E1425 to evaluate door systemsin the operable and fully sealed state, and to measure the forcerequired to operate the door.8. Test Signal Sound Sources8.1 Signal SpectrumThe sound signals used for these testsshall be random noise having a continuous spectrum
48、 withineach test frequency band.8.2 Sound SourcesSound sources shall consist of one ormore loudspeakers in an enclosure.NOTE 7Sources should preferably be omnidirectional at all measure-ment frequencies to excite the sound field in the room as uniformly aspossible. Using separate loudspeakers for hi
49、gh and low frequencies willmake the system more omnidirectional. Aiming the loudspeakers intocorners of the room can reduce the direct field from the loudspeakersystem. An approximation to an omnidirectional speaker system can beobtained by mounting an array of loudspeakers on the faces of apolyhedron (cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, etc.). Sources in trihedralcorners of the room excite room modes more effectively and laboratoryoperators may find that this orientation increases the low frequency soundpressure levels in the room.8.3 Multiple Sound S
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