ASTM E1025-2018 red 4375 Standard Practice for Design Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiography《射线照相用孔型图像质量指.pdf

1、Designation: E1025 11E1025 18Standard Practice forDesign, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classificationof Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used forRadiologyRadiography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1025; the number immediately following the designation indicates th

2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice2 covers the design, material groupi

3、ng classification, and manufacture of hole-type image quality indicators(IQI) used to indicate the quality of radiologic images.1.2 This practice is applicable to X-ray and gamma-ray radiology.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport

4、 to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international

5、 standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.

6、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B139/B139M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and ShapesB150/B150M Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and ShapesB164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and WireB166 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N066

7、01, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, N06045,and N06696), Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617), and Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Tungsten Alloy(UNS N06674) Rod, Bar, and WireE746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging SystemsE747 Practice fo

8、r Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used forRadiologyE1735 Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Exposed to X-Radiation from 4 to25 MeVE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2662 Pra

9、ctice for Radiographic Examination of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in AerospaceApplications2.2 Department of Defense (DoD) Documents:MIL-I-24768 Insulation, Plastics, Laminated, Thermosetting; General Specification for41 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commit

10、tee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X andGamma) Method.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011Feb. 1, 2018. Published January 2012February 2018. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20052011as E1025 - 05.E10

11、25 -11. DOI: 10.1520/E1025-11.10.1520/E1025-18.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice SE-1025 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A

12、STM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is i

13、ntended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the cu

14、rrent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ISO Documents5ISO 17636-1

15、 Non-Destructive Testing of Welds Radiographic testing Part 1: X- and Gamma-Ray Techniques with FilmISO 17636-2 Non-Destructive Testing of Welds Radiographic testing Part 2: X- and Gamma-Ray Techniques with DigitalDetectorsISO 19232-2 Non-Destructive Testing Image Quality of Radiographs Part 2: Dete

16、rmination of the Image Quality ValueUsing Step/Hole-Type Image Quality IndicatorsISO 19232-3 Non-Destructive Testing Image Quality of Radiographs Part 3: Image Quality Classes2.4 ASME Documents:6BPVC (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) Section V Nondestructive Examination, Article 2 Radiographic Exami

17、nation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of terms relating to gamma and X-radiology in Terminology E1316, Section D, shall apply tothe terms used in this practice.4. Hole-Type IQI Requirements4.1 Image quality indicators (IQIs) used to determine radiologic-image quality levels shall confor

18、m to the followingrequirements.4.1.1 All image quality indicators (IQIs) shall be fabricated from materials or alloys identified or listed in accordance with 7.3.Other materials may be used in accordance with 7.4.4.1.2 Standard Hole-Type IQIs:4.1.2.1 Standard Hole-Type Image quality indicators (IQIs

19、) shall dimensionally conform to the requirements of Fig. 1.NOTE 1Minimum hole diameters are used for standard hole type IQI numbers 1 through 9 where the hole diameters are 0.010 in. for the 1T hole,0.020 in. for the 2T hole, and 0.040 in. for the 4T hole.4.1.3 Modified Hole-Type IQI:4.1.3.1 The re

20、ctangular IQI may be modified in length and width as necessary for special applications, provided the hole size(s)and IQI thickness conform to Fig. 1 or 4.1.4, as applicable.4.1.3.2 The IQIs shall be identified as specified in 4.1.5 to 4.1.5.2, as applicable, except that the identification numbers m

21、aybe placed adjacent to the IQI if placement on the IQI is impractical.4.1.3.3 When modified IQIs are used, details of the modification shall be documented in the records accompanying theexamination results.4.1.4 True T-hole Diameter IQI:4.1.4.1 It may be desirable for non-film applications to use t

22、rue T-hole diameter IQIs for numbers 1 through 9.4.1.4.2 Hole sizes for true T-hole diameter IQIs may be made by using laser or an electric discharge machining (EDM) processand shall be within 610 % of 1T, 2T, and 4T (See Fig. 1, Note 3 for T)4.1.4.3 When true T-hole-diameter IQIs are used, details

23、of the modifications shall be documented in the records accompanyingthe examination results.4.1.5 Both the rectangular and the circular IQIs shall be identified with number(s) made of lead or a material of similar radiationopacity. The number shall be bonded to the rectangular IQIs and shall be plac

24、ed adjacent to circular IQIs to provide identificationof the IQI on the image. The identification numbers shall indicate the thickness of the IQI in thousandths of an inch, that is, anumber 10 IQI is 0.010 in. thick, a number 100 IQI is 0.100 in. thick, etc. Additional identification requirements ar

25、e provided in7.2.4.1.5.1 Alternative Identification MethodIt may be desirable for non-film applications to eliminate the lead number identifiersand replace them with either material addition or material removal methods as stated below:(1) Material Addition MethodNumbers may be made of the same mater

26、ial as that of the IQI and of sufficient thickness tobe clearly discernable within the radiologic image.(2) Material Removal MethodNumbers may be cut into the IQI in such a manner as to be clearly discernable in the radiologicimage. Processes such as laser etching, chemical etching, precision stampi

27、ng, etc., may be used to create the numbers within theIQI.4.1.5.2 Alloy-group identification shall be in accordance with 7.2. Rectangular IQIs shall be notched as shown in Fig. 2, exceptthe corner notch for Group 001 is at a 45 degree angle. Round IQIs shall be vibrotooled or etched as shown in Fig.

28、 3.4.1.5.3 True T-hole diameter IQI identification numbers shall be rotated 90 as compared to Standard Hole Type IQIs. See Fig.4.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland,

29、http:/www.iso.org.6 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.E1025 182NOTE 1Tolerances for IQI thickness and hole diameter.NOTE 2Tolerances for True T-hole Diameter IQI thickness and ho

30、le diameter shall be 610 %.NOTE 3XX identification number equals T in .001 inches.inNOTE 4IQIs No. 1 through 9 for Standard Hole Type IQIs (4.1.2) are not 1T, 2T, and 4T.NOTE 5Holes shall be true and normal to the IQI. Do not chamfer.IdentificationNumber T(Note 3) A in. (mm) B in. (mm) C in. (mm) D

31、in. (mm) E in. (mm) F in. (mm) Tolerances (Note 2)IdentificationNumber T(Note 4) A in. (mm) B in. (mm) C in. (mm) D in. (mm) E in. (mm) F in. (mm) Tolerances (Note 3)14 1.500 (38.1) 0.750 (19.05) 0.438 (11.13) 0.250 (6.35) 0.500 (12.7) 0.250 (6.35) 10%0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.

32、38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.030 (0.76)520 1.500 (38.1) 0.750 (19.05) 0.438 (11.13) 0.250 (6.35) 0.500 (12.7) 0.250 (6.35) 0.0005 (0.127)0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.030 (0.76)2150 1.500 (38.1) 0.750 (19.05) 0.438 (11.13) 0.250 (6.35) 0.500 (12.7) 0.250 (6.35) 0.0025 (0.6

33、35)0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 0.030 (0.76)51160 2.250 (57.15) 1.375 (34.93) 0.750 (19.05) 0.375 (9.53) 1.000 (25.4) 0.375 (9.53) 0.005 (0.127)0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762)Over 160 1.330T 0.830T . . . . 0.010

34、(0.254)0.005 (0.127) 0.005 (0.127)FIG. 1 IQI DesignE1025 183NOTCH TOLERANCESWidth +150(A) Depth +116 in. (1.588mm)(1.588 mm)132 in. (0.794 mm)FIG. 2 Rectangular IQI Notch Identification and Material GroupingFIG. 3 Circular IQI IdentificationE1025 1845. IQI Procurement5.1 When selecting IQIs for proc

35、urement, the following factors should be considered:5.1.1 Determine the alloy group(s) of the material to be examined.5.1.2 Determine the thickness or thickness range of the material(s) to be examined.5.1.3 Determine the Image Quality Level requirements as described in Section 66 and Table 1Table 15

36、.1.4 Select the applicable IQIs that represent the required IQI thickness and alloy(s).NOTE 2This practice does not recommend or suggest specific IQI sets to be procured. Section 55 is an aid in selecting IQIs based on specific needs.6. Image Quality Levels6.1 Image quality levels are designated by

37、a two part expression; X-YT. The first part of the expression, X, refers to the IQIthickness expressed as a percentage of the specimen thickness. The second part of the expression, YT, refers to the diameter of therequired hole and is expressed as a multiple of the IQI thickness, T (for example, the

38、 image quality level 2-2T means that the IQIthickness, T, is no more than 2 % of the specimen thickness and that the diameter of the required IQI hole is 2 T).NOTE 3Standard Hole Type Image Quality Indicators (IQIs) less than number 10 have hole sizes 0.010, 0.020, and 0.040 in. diameter regardlesso

39、f the IQI thickness. Therefore, Standard Hole Type IQIs less than number 10 do not represent the quality levels specified in 6.1 and Table 1. Theequivalent IQI sensitivity (EPS) can be calculated using the equation in Appendix X1.6.2 Typical image quality level designations are shown in Table 1. The

40、 level of inspection specified should be based on servicerequirements of the product. Care should be taken in specifying True T-hole Diameter Type IQIs (4.1.4) and/or image qualitylevels 2-1T, 1-1T, and 1-2T by first determining that these levels can be maintained in production.6.3 In specifying ima

41、ge quality levels, the contract, purchase order, product specification, or drawing should state the propertwo-part expression and clearly indicate the thickness of the material to which the level refers. In place of a designated twopartexpression, the IQI number and minimum discernible hole size sha

42、ll be specified.6.4 Appendix X1 of this practice provides a method for determining equivalent IQI sensitivity (EPS) in percent. Under certainconditions (as described within the purchaser-supplier agreement), EPS may be useful in relating a discernible hole size of the IQIthickness with the section t

43、hickness radiographed for establishing an overall technical image quality equivalency. This is not analternative IQI provision for the originally specified IQI requirement of this practice, but may be a useful tool for establishingtechnical image equivalency on a case basis need with specific custom

44、er approvals.FIG. 4 True T-hole Diameter Type IQI Identification OrientationTABLE 1 Typical Image Quality LevelsStandard Image Quality LevelsImage QualityLevels IQI ThicknessMinimumPerceptibleHoleDiameterEquivalent IQISensitivity, %A2-1T 150 (2 %) of Specimen Thickness 1T 1.42-2TB 2T 2.02-4T 4T 2.8S

45、pecial Image Quality Levels1-1T 1100 (1 %) of Specimen Thickness 1T 0.71-2T 2T 14-2T 125 (4 %) of Specimen Thickness 2T 4AEquivalent IQI sensitivity is that thickness of the IQI, expressed as a percentageof the part thickness, in which the 2T hole would be visible under the sameconditions.BFor Level

46、 2-2T RadiologicThe 2T hole in an IQI, 150 (2 %) of the specimenthickness, is visible.E1025 1856.5 Practice E747 contains provisions for wire IQIs that use varying length and diameter wires to effect image qualityrequirements. The requirements of Practice E747 are different from this standard; howev

47、er, Practice E747 (see Table 4) containsprovisions whereby wire sizes equivalent to corresponding 1T, 2T and 4T holes for various plaque thicknesses are provided.Appendix X1 of Practice E747 also provides methods for determining equivalencies between wire and hole type IQIs. This is notan alternativ

48、e IQI provision for the originally specified IQI requirements of this practice, but may be useful for establishingtechnical image equivalency on a case basis need with specific customer approvals.6.6 Test Methods E746 and E1735 provide additional tools for determining relative image quality response

49、 of industrialradiological systems when exposed to energy levels described within those test methods. Both of these test methods use the“equivalent penetrameter sensitivity” (EPS) concept to provide statistical image quality information that allows the imaging systemor other exposure components to be assessed on a relative basis. These test methods are not alternative IQI provisions for theoriginally specified IQI requirements of this practice, but may be useful on a case basis w