1、Designation: E1082 90 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Vehicular Response to Traveled SurfaceRoughness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1082; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of vehicularresponse to traveled surface roughness.1.2 This te
3、st method utilizes an apparatus that measures therelative motion of a sprung mass system in response to traveledsurface roughness where the mass is supported by automotivetype suspension and tires.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
4、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice fo
5、r Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Refer-ence Test Tire3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Vehicular response to traveled surface
6、 roughness iscalculated from an accumulated displacement measurementdivided by the test section length. A vehicle is brought to thedesired test speed and lateral position in the lane to be tested.The test apparatus is placed in operation and a constant speedis maintained throughout the test. Pertine
7、nt information affect-ing test results must be noted.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating trav-eled surface roughness. The measured values represent vehicu-lar response to traveled surface roughness obtained with theequipment and procedures stated herein and do
8、not necessarilyagree or correlate directly with those obtained by othermethods.35. Apparatus5.1 Test Apparatus, consisting of an axle to frame thedisplacement measuring sensor, a displacement accumulator, adistance measuring system and a recording system mounted ina vehicle that is either a suitable
9、 passenger automobile withfour wheels or a suitable single axle, twowheel trailer towed bya vehicle.5.2 Test AutomobileThe vehicle used to house the dis-placement measurement sensor. It shall be equipped as follows:5.2.1 Engine in front,5.2.2 Rigid rear axle,5.2.3 Rear springs (coil, single leaf, ga
10、s),5.2.4 Rear sway bar,5.2.5 Heavy duty shock absorbers,5.2.6 Tires dynamically balanced (GM-TPC4or Specifica-tion E1136),5.2.7 Cruise control5, and5.2.8 Air conditioning.55.3 Test TrailerA two-wheel trailer shall be specificallydesigned and equipped to house the displacement measurementsensor, meet
11、ing the following requirements:5.3.1 120 6 1 in. (3048 6 25 mm) from the center of thehitch to the center of the axle,5.3.2 65 6 5 in. (1651 6 127 mm) from the center of thetire to the center of the tire,5.3.3 Coil spring-shock-absorber suspension system,1This test method is under the jurisdiction o
12、f ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.31 onMethods for Measuring Profile and Roughness.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1082 90 (2007
13、).DOI: 10.1520/E1082-90R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Gillespie, T. D., Sayers, M. W.,
14、and Segel, L., “Calibration of Response-TypeRoad Roughness Measuring System,” National Cooperative Highway ResearchProgram Report 228, December 1980.4General Motors, “Tire Performance Criteria, Procedures and Specifications,”Engineering Publication A-4082, General Motors Corp., Milford, MI, 1982.5Th
15、ese items are optional but are listed since they can substantially affect theease with which the test is run.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3.4 Sway bar,5.3.5 Tires dynamically balanced (GM-TPC4),5.3.6 Weight and su
16、spension system balanced to provide aresponse to the range of traveled surface roughness to bemeasured, and5.3.7 Rigid axle.5.4 Instrumentation:5.4.1 General RequirementsThe instrumentation shallfunction accurately at ambient temperatures between 40F and100F (4.4C and 37.8C). All electronic and mech
17、anicalcomponents of the system will be adequately designed towithstand adverse conditions such as dust, moisture,vibrations, and shocks that may be encountered in traversingthe traveled surfaces to be measured.5.4.2 Displacement Measuring SensorCapable of measur-ing relative vertical axle-to-frame d
18、isplacement in incrementsof 0.125 in. (3.175 mm) or less in response to traveled surfaceroughness.5.4.3 Displacement AccumulatorCapable of accumulatingthe output of the displacement measurement sensor in one orboth directions and transmitting an output, which is a functionof the measured displacemen
19、t, to the recording system.5.4.4 Distance Measuring SystemMust indicate distanceby producing an output directly proportional to traveleddistance that will actuate a high-speed counter capable ofaccepting count rates equivalent to the highest possible testspeed. The system shall accommodate measureme
20、nts in eitherfeet or miles (metres or kilometres) and have calibrationadjustment capability.5.4.5 Recording SystemMust provide an accumulativegraphic, printed, or digital display of the outputs of thedisplacement accumulator and distance measurement system.6. Safety Precautions6.1 The test vehicle,
21、as well as attachments to it, shallcomply with applicable state and federal laws. Precautionsimposed by law shall be taken to ensure the safety of operatingpersonnel and the public.7. Calibration7.1 SpeedCalibrate the vehicle speedometer that is used toindicate the test speed by determining the time
22、 required totraverse an accurately measured (60.1 %), level and straightsection of pavement at a constant indicated speed. Calibrationspeeds should encompass the normal speed (or speeds) re-quired for testing. A minimum of three test runs at each speedshould be made for calibration. The precision of
23、 measureddistance/time for the three test runs should be within 62 mph(63.2 km/h) of the average. The tangent section of pavementused for this calibration should be at least 0.5 mile (0.8 km) inlength.7.2 DistanceCalibrate the distance output by determiningthe distance recorded after traversing an a
24、ccurately measured(60.1%) level, tangent pavement section at a constant indi-cated speed. Distance calibrations should incorporate all cali-bration speeds. A minimum of three test runs should be madeat each speed. The precision of the distance output for the threetest runs should be within 61 % of t
25、he average. The tangentsection of pavement used for this calibration should be at least1.0 mile (1.6 km) in length.7.3 Vehicular Response to Traveled Surface RoughnessPrior to calibration, exercise caution to ensure proper operationof all electronic and mechanical equipment. Operation shouldcomply w
26、ith the manufacturers recommended procedures andthe requirements of this test method. Calibration shall consistof adjusting the output of the displacement accumulator of aparticular test apparatus through mathematical or mechanicalmeans to correspond to a measure of roughness determined byone of the
27、 following reference methods, selected by theindividual agency.7.3.1 Preferred Method3Acomputer simulation of vehicu-lar response based on inputs from a profile measuring system.7.3.2 Alternate MethodsThe following methods of cali-bration will not necessarily produce results that are in agree-ment w
28、ith the preferred method or with each other:37.3.2.1 A measure of roughness of the CHLOE6profilometer,7.3.2.2 Artificial roughness surfaces,7.3.2.3 Panel rating, and7.3.2.4 A similar piece of equipment calibrated as a stan-dard.7.3.3 Pavement Calibration SectionsPavement sections(not to include arti
29、ficial roughness surfaces) used for thecalibration of vehicular response to traveled surface roughnessshall be uniform in roughness throughout, as far as practical,and shall be a minimum of 0.2 miles (0.3 km) in length.7.3.3.1 A minimum of three pavement sections should beused for calibration of veh
30、icular response to traveled surfaceroughness. These sections shall exhibit roughness within arange of values significant for routine testing.7.3.3.2 A separate calibration of vehicular response totraveled surface roughness will be required for each test speed.A minimum of three determinations of veh
31、icular response totraveled surface roughness shall be required for each particulartest speed. The calibration of vehicular response to traveledsurface roughness at different speeds will enable testing at aspeed appropriate to the flow of traffic.7.4 FrequencyThe calibrations are valid only if nochan
32、ges occur or are made in the test apparatus. The individualagency shall set the frequency of calibration and calibrationchecks. The recommended minimum frequency of calibrationis annual.8. Test Preparation8.1 Equipment which has an effect on the riding quality ofthe vehicle and the instrumentation s
33、hould be inspected prior toinitiating the testing. Tires and shock absorbers should be ingood condition. Prior to each series of tests, warm up the tiresby traveling for at least 5 miles (8 km) at normal traffic speeds.Set the tire inflation pressure at the tire manufacturers maxi-mum recommended pr
34、essure for size and type of tire used atambient temperature just before the 5 mile (8 km) warmup.6“The AASHO Road Test, Report 5, Pavement Research,” HRB Special Report61E, 1962.E1082 90 (2012)28.1.1 Automobile Mounted UnitsThese units are sensitiveto the following, and special attention must be giv
35、en to theseitems prior to testing to ensure that they are in the samecondition as when the test apparatus was calibrated:8.1.1.1 Total mass of the vehicle and its contents,8.1.1.2 Number of vehicle occupants,8.1.1.3 Mass distribution within the vehicle,8.1.1.4 Wheelbase (same vehicle),8.1.1.5 Type a
36、nd condition of the shock absorbers and thesprings,8.1.1.6 Tire type, condition, balance and pressure,8.1.1.7 Test speed,8.1.1.8 Fuel quantity of one-half tank, minimum, and8.1.1.9 Front-end suspension condition and alignment.8.1.2 Trailer Mounted UnitsThese units are suggestedbecause of the obvious
37、 elimination of many of the variables in8.1.1. However, special attention must be given to ensure thatthe items in 8.1.2.1-8.1.2.3 are in the same condition as whenthe test apparatus was calibrated.8.1.2.1 Tire condition, balance, and pressure,8.1.2.2 Shock absorbers and spring condition, and8.1.2.3
38、 Test speed.9. Test Sections9.1 The test sections should be continuous sections oftraveled surface (construction projects) of uniform age andcomposition, that have been subjected to essentially uniformwear. The individual agency shall specify the minimum testsection length but not less than 0.1 mile
39、 (0.2 km). Each laneshould be considered a separate test section. Test sections shallnot include bridge structures or railroad crossings. The surfaceshould be free of debris prior to testing.9.2 Lateral Positioning of Test Vehicle on Test SectionsNormal testing shall be accomplished with the test ti
40、rescentered in the normal traffic pattern (wheelpaths).10. Test Speed and Temperature10.1 Test SpeedShould correspond with one of the cali-bration speeds consistent with the posted speed limit.10.2 Test TemperatureAmbient temperature should bebetween 40F and 100F (4.4C and 37.8C).11. Measurement11.1
41、 Significance of MeasurementsThe individual agencyshould define acceptable values of vehicular response totraveled surface roughness for existing pavements, newconstruction, and overlays. The pavement type and traffic areinfluencing characteristics which may require different values.11.2 Vehicular R
42、esponse to Traveled Surface RoughnessShall be expressed in common terms which do not fluctuatewith test section length. (Example: units of axle displacementper unit length).12. Procedure12.1 Prior to the beginning of the test section, bring the testvehicle to the desired speed and alignment and main
43、tainconstant speed throughout.Avariation in the indicated speed of62 mph (63.2 km/h) will void the acquired data.12.2 Record the data pertinent to the test.12.3 Individual determinations of vehicular response totraveled surface roughness for a test result average shallconform to Section 12. Test res
44、ults that are manifestly faultyshall be discarded in accordance with Practice E178.13. Calculation13.1 Determine the test section limits and length.13.2 Determine the accumulated displacement in responseto traveled surface roughness measured within the test sectionlimits.13.3 Calculate the test resu
45、lt of vehicular response totraveled surface roughness as necessary, dependent upon themethod of calibration used.14. Report14.1 Field ReportThe field report for each test sectionshall contain data on the following items:14.1.1 Location and identification of test section,14.1.2 Date and time of day,1
46、4.1.3 Ambient temperature,14.1.4 Type of pavement,14.1.5 Lane tested,14.1.6 Speed of test vehicle,14.1.7 Test result from 13.3,14.1.8 Operator(s),14.1.9 Test unit identification, and14.1.10 Calibration method (optional).14.2 Summary ReportThe summary report for each testsection shall include data on
47、 the following items insofar as theyare pertinent to the variables under investigation:14.2.1 Location and identification of the test section,14.2.2 Lane tested,14.2.3 Date of test,14.2.4 Pavement type,14.2.5 Test result, and14.2.6 Calibration method.15. Precision and Bias15.1 Individual Measurement
48、 PrecisionIndividual re-peated determinations of accumulated displacement for thesame test section by the same operator with the same equip-ment on the same day must agree with the average of thedeterminations of accumulated displacement within 610 %(2S %) as defined in Practice E177 or should be co
49、nsideredsuspect. This precision statement is based on data from 0.5mile (0.8 km) test sections. The precision may vary with thetest section length. No further data is available at this time tomake an additional statement on precision. The individualagency must set the number of determinations of vehicularresponse to traveled surface roughness necessary to achieve theprecision desired. Normally, three determinations will berequired for a given test section.15.2 Bias of Test ResultsSince there is not a single agreedon or accepted method of calibratio
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