1、Designation: E1107 10E1107 15Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Throughput of Resource-Recovery UnitOperations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is for measuring the throughput, or mass flowrate, of a resource-recovery unit operation, or series
3、 of unitoperations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionSection 9.1.2 indicates the equivalent weight in pounds for samples with particle size greater than 90 mm.1.3 This standard does not purport
4、 to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Sec
5、tion 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE868 Test Methods for Conducting Performance Tests on Mechanical Conveying Equipment Used in Resource RecoverySystems (Withdrawn 2013)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binary s
6、eparatora mechanical device that separates single input feed stream into two output feed streams.3.1.2 polynary separatora mechanical device that separates single input feed stream into three or more output feed streams.3.1.3 processora type of resource recovery unit operation with a single input fe
7、ed stream and single output stream. Its functionis to alter the physical or physico-chemical properties of the input feed stream. The mass flow rates of input and output streamsshould be equal unless moisture is lost.3.1.4 throughputthe mass flowrate through a unit operation, expressed, preferably,
8、in units of kilograms per hour (kg/h) oralternatively in units of pounds per hour (lb/h).3.1.5 unit operationa basic step in a larger process consisting of multiple steps.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The output streams of a separator or processor are collected over a measured period of time and weig
9、hed. Collection of theoutput stream is either in containers or by stopping, then clearing, portions of conveyor belts or chutes. For processing equipmentin which materials separation is not accomplished, the input stream may be sampled if this is more convenient.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test
10、method is used to document the mass flowrate of a resource recovery unit operation in a plant and as a means ofrelating operation to design objectives.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Tre
11、atment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved June 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2015. Published July 2010September 2015. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 asE110786E1107 10. (2004). DOI: 10.1520/E1107-10.10.1520/E1107-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM web
12、site, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an
13、ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In
14、 all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 This test method is also used in conjunction with measurements of th
15、e performance of materials separators (particularlyrecovery and purity). As such, throughput should not generally be measured by sampling the feed since this may change itsperformance. Processing equipment that does not perform separations can be sampled at either the feed or product streams.6. Appa
16、ratus6.1 Collection BinsSeveral size collection bins are required. The size is determined by the size of sample, which in turn, isdetermined by the throughput of the plant. Some streams can be sampled into drums or barrels.6.1.1 All containers must be clean and in good mechanical condition, and not
17、have rusting, flaking, or mechanically weakenedsections. Containers should be cleaned with water or an air hose prior to use. (WarningAir hoses must be used with appropriatesafety equipment to avoid personal injury.)6.1.2 The tare weight of the containers should be clearly marked with paint and chec
18、ked periodically. Provision may be madefor bin covers for the sampling and containment of materials that can be blown or spilled. Covers must be marked to indicatewhether or not they are included in the tare weight of the container.6.2 ScalesThe type and size of scales varies with the size of the sa
19、mples obtained. Containers as small as perhaps a drum toas large as perhaps a tote bin, roll-off container, or even full truck may be used. All scales should have a precision and accuracyof 60.1 %.60.1 % of reading.6.3 StopwatchFlow times are determined with a stopwatch capable of measuring to the n
20、earest 0.1 s.6.4 MiscellaneousA variety of scoops, shovels, brushes, and similar tools are required to transfer materials.7. Precautions7.1 If samples are taken by transferring materials from a conveyor belt, it is essential to measure the belts speed and useappropriate tools to be certain that all
21、of the material, especially including fine particulate materials, are transferred.7.2 Because the origin of all of the materials in solid waste is generally unknown, workers must use proper safety precautionswhen handling samples. Workers shall wear gloves and safety glasses. When appropriate, dust
22、masks shall be worn. Workers shallbe cautioned to wash their hands thoroughly before eating or smoking.7.3 Safety precautions shall be taken when collecting samples or working near moving equipment.8. Sampling8.1 Samples are taken after the equipment has reached a steady-state operation. A steady-st
23、ate operation is arbitrarily assumedafter the equipment is operating for at least 30 min under what are considered to be normal conditions, or as otherwise agreed. Thecomposition and type of feed may not be changed during this time.8.2 After steady-state, samples are taken at agreed intervals.8.3 Th
24、e sample is taken by whatever method in Section 11 suits the separator or processor being sampled.9. Test Specimen and Samples9.1 The size of sample is taken in relation to the particle size of the material or estimated throughput of the process, or both.9.1.1 The minimum size of sample is determine
25、d by its particle size in accordance with Practice D75, or by 9.1.2 or 9.1.3,whichever is greater.9.1.2 For particle sizes greater than 90 mm (not included in Table 1 of Practice D75), the size of sample is 250 kg (550 lb).9.1.3 The minimum weight of sample shall correspond to the estimated throughp
26、ut for 1.0 min or the minimum weight will bedetermined by the procedure in Test Methods E868.9.2 Test samples corresponding to 9.1 are weighed without subdivision.9.3 Three test samples shall be taken for each randomly chosen sampling time. Two of the samples will be weighed; the thirdshall be retai
27、ned and weighed if the calculated throughputs based on the first two differ by more than 10 %, as described in 12.4.9.4 If possible, both binary and polynary separators should normally be sampled at the output sides.10. Conditioning10.1 Weigh the samples immediately after they are taken. Take precau
28、tions to ensure that they neither gain nor lose weight fromnatural drying or drainage or from ambient moisture or dirt.11. Procedure11.1 Use separate procedures for sampling conveyors, chutes, or discharge containers.11.2 Conveyors:E1107 15211.2.1 Conveyors are most conveniently sampled by catching
29、the discharge at the end of the conveyor in the tared container.Take care that the bin is wider than the width of the conveyor and the entire contents of the belt width is collected.11.2.2 Conveyors can also be sampled by stopping the belt and removing a portion of the belt load. In this method, det
30、erminethe belt speed by timing the movement of a mark on the belt as it passes between two marks on the sides of the conveyor. Measurethe distance between the latter two marks and use the measurement to calculate the belt speed. Alternatively, use a tachometer fordetermining the speed of the belt. S
31、top the conveyor and shovel the material lying on a predetermined length of the conveyor intoa suitable tared container. Take care to include all fine particulate materials. Also, take care to ensure that the belt load moves atthe same speed as the belt and is not hindered by the sides of the convey
32、or, thus causing slippage.11.3 ChutesSample material falling through a chute by placing a tared container of suitable size under the chute and collectingthe material for a predetermined length of time, measured with a stopwatch to the nearest 0.1 s. If it is not possible to sample thedischarge of a
33、chute, a diverting chute member may have to be added along with a gate. Exercise care at the discharge ends ofchutes to ensure that all of the material flowing is collected in the container. Flexible spouts may be fastened (even if temporarily)on the ends of the chutes and directed into the containe
34、rs.11.4 Discharge ContainersSample discharge points by using a tared container to collect the material. Preferably, fasten aflexible spout or a diverter to the discharge point to the usual collection bin so that the flow can be suddenly diverted to the taredcontainer without significant spillage. Wi
35、thout such a flexible spout, it may not be possible to time accurately the discharge.11.5 Sampling and weighing must be done without spilling any of the material. Note any spillage more than dusting. Spillageof more than 1 % of the collected sample, visually estimated, is reason to discard the sampl
36、e and start over.11.6 Weigh the tared containers containing the samples immediately and record the filled gross weights. Record weights within0.1 % of the total filled weight in accordance with the precautions of 10.1.12. Calculation12.1 Record the following information:12.1.1 Method of sampling (11
37、.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.3, or 11.4);12.1.2 Location;12.1.3 Time of day and date;12.1.4 Tare of container;12.1.5 Weight of filled container; and12.1.6 Special observations.12.2 Calculate the sampling time for the procedure in 11.2.2 as follows:Sampling time5t 5L/Y (1)where:L = length of conveyor swept, andY
38、 = conveyor speed, calculated as Y = CT;Data Compilation and Calculation SheetADate: _ Location: _Time of Day: _ Operator: _Conveyor Sampling:Speed = _ = YLength of belt swept _ = LSampling time t = L/Y = _Throughput (wet weight basis):Container No. _ , Tar Weight A = _Filled Weight W = _Throughput
39、Q = (W-A)/t = _Special Observations:A Repeat calculations using a separate sheet for each processor or separator stream sample.FIG. 1 Sample Data Compilation and Calculation SheetE1107 153C = measured distance between the two marks on the conveyor sidewall, m, andT = measured time for the mark on th
40、e conveyor belt to move between these two marks, s.12.2.1 The conveyor speed is in units of meters per second (m/s) and the sampling time t is in units of seconds (s).12.3 Measure the sampling time for other procedures (11.2.1, 11.3, and 11.4) with the stopwatch.12.4 Calculate the throughput, Q, on
41、a wet-weight basis for a processor, sampling either the input or output stream as follows:Q 5W 2A! 3600t (2)where:W = weight of the filled container,A = tare (empty) weight of the container, andt = time of collection of the sample, s.12.4.1 If W and A are in kilograms, Q is in kilograms per hour.12.
42、5 Paragraph 12.4 can be used to calculate the throughput of a processor if the input stream is sampled. However, note theinformation in 9.4.12.6 A binary or polynary separator may be sampled at each of its output streams with all samples taken at the same time andfor equal time intervals. Calculate
43、the throughput for each stream in accordance with 12.4 and sum to obtain the total throughput.13. Report13.1 The report shall include the information on the data compilation and calculation sheet (see Fig. 1).14. Precision and Bias14.1 There are not yet sufficient data available to compute the preci
44、sion and bias of this test method.15. Keywords15.1 mass flowrate; resource-recovery unit operation; samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised t
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