1、Designation: E1108 86 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Recovery of a Product in aMaterials Separation Device1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the recov-ery of a desired product in a device
3、processing solid waste forthe purpose of concentrating a component of interest. Therecovery is determined with respect to the amount of thedesired component in one output stream (accepts) as opposedto another output stream (rejects). The results of this calcula-tion determine the effectiveness of co
4、mponent separation whencoupled with a measure of product purity as described in TestMethod E889.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
5、 associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary information is given in Section 6.1.4 This international
6、standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
7、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E889 Test Method for Composition or Purity of a SolidWaste Materials StreamE1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput ofResource-Recovery Unit Operations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptsthe output stream from
8、 the materials separa-tion device that contains the highest concentration (purity) ofthe component(s) that the device is designed to separate.3.1.2 binary separatora device that separates a singleinput feed stream into two output or product streams.3.1.3 componentany identifiable and defined fractio
9、n ofsolid waste.3.1.4 feedthe input stream.3.1.5 gross samplea sample representing one lot andcomposed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-tion nor division has been performed.3.1.6 laboratory sample (or analysis sample)a portion ofone gross sample representative of a lot and taken at r
10、andomfrom the gross sample.3.1.7 polynary separatora device that separates a singleinput feed stream into three or more output product streams.3.1.8 puritythe purity of a stream is defined in terms ofone or more identifiable components, x, y, z, etc. as separatedby hand sorting. The composition for
11、any component such as xis the mass of x in a stream divided by the total mass of thatstream. Purity is expressed as a fraction, decimal fraction, orpercent.3.1.9 recoverythe fraction (on a percentage basis) of aspecific component, x, in an input process stream (feed)captured or recovered into an out
12、put process stream (accepts).Recovery is calculated as a mass of x in the output stream perunit time divided by the mass of x in the input stream per thesame time, and the fraction is multiplied by 100. Alternatively,the concentration of the component(s) of interest (defined aspurity in Test Method
13、E889) are measured in all input and exitstreams and used to calculate recovery.3.1.10 rejectsthe output stream(s) that have low concen-trations of the component(s) of interest.NOTE 1In mass-per-time terms, Feed = Accepts + Rejects for anyconservation component if there is no storage term or loss of
14、mass, forexample, moisture.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last e
15、dition approved in 2009 as E1108 86 (2009). DOI:10.1520/E1108-86R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
16、ebsite.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment o
17、f International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.11 steady-state operationa condition in which thematerials separator is achieving a constant recovery perfor-mance over a given time.4. Summary of Test Method
18、4.1 Percent recovery of a component can be calculatedeither by measuring the throughput of component x (mass perunit time) in the input (feed) and the throughput of componentx in the output (accepts) process streams, or by measuring thepurity of the input and output streams.4.1.1 The throughputs are
19、 measured as described in TestMethod E1107.4.1.2 The purity analyses are described in Test MethodE889.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to document the ability of asolid waste resource recovery separator to capture the compo-nent(s) of interest in the desired process stream.5.2 The
20、 recovery determined in this way is used in conjunc-tion with the purity of the product, as described in Test MethodE889.6. Precautions6.1 This procedure calls for the hand-picking of solid wasteand its processed fractions. Because the origin of all of thematerials is generally unknown, workers must
21、 use propersafety precautions when handling samples. Workers shall weargloves and safety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shallbe worn. Workers must be cautioned to wash their handsthoroughly before eating or smoking.6.2 Safety precautions must be taken when collectingsamples or working near mo
22、ving equipment.7. Sampling7.1 If throughputs are to be measured, samples are takenfrom input and output process streams, in accordance withprocedures included in Test Method E1107.7.2 For a binary separator, only the input and one output orboth output streams are sampled. If only one output stream i
23、ssampled, it should be the one in which the component(s) ofinterest is concentrated (the accept). The output stream isalways sampled before the input stream in order not to disturbthe steady state operation of the separator.7.3 For a polynary separator, only the throughput method isused. Input plus
24、the output containing the component(s) ofinterest are sampled.7.4 Sampling and containment must be done in a manner topreserve the integrity of the component(s) of interest and themass of the entire sample.8. Test Specimens and Samples8.1 If throughput is to be measured, follow the procedures inTest
25、 Method E1107.8.2 If purity is to be measured, follow the procedures in TestMethod E889.9. Conditioning9.1 If the throughput method is to be used, follow theprocedure in Test Method E1107.9.2 If the purity method is to be used, follow the procedurein Test Method E889.10. Procedure10.1 It is necessar
26、y that the separator attain steady-stateoperation before sampling is done. Performing only onerecovery analysis does not ensure steady-state conditions. Theseparator must be operating without changes in feed quantity orcomposition, and without changes in operation mode, for atleast 30 min before sam
27、pling. The results of a series ofrecovery determinations will confirm the presence of steady-state operation.10.2 If the throughput method is to be used, follow theprocedures in Test Method E1107.10.2.1 Sample the input stream and the output stream thatcontains the concentrated fraction of the compo
28、nent(s) ofinterest.10.3 If the purity method is to be used, follow the proce-dures in Test Method E889.10.3.1 Sample the input stream and both output streams.11. Calculations11.1 If throughputs are measured, calculate the percentrecovery of a component x as follows:Percent recovery ofx 5 Rx5 QA3 100
29、!/QF(1)where:QA= the throughput of x in the concentrated output stream(accepts) as kg/s, andQF= the throughput of x in the input stream, as kg/s.11.2 If purity is measured, compute the percent recovery ofa component x in a binary separator as follows:Percent recovery ofx 5 Rx5 PAPF2 PB# 3 100!/PFPA2
30、 PB#(2)where:PF= the purity of the input stream, as mass of x in the streamdivided by the total mass of the stream,PA= the purity of the concentrated output stream (accepts),andPB= the purity of the dilute process stream (rejects), withpurity expressed as before.11.3 If a polynary separator is emplo
31、yed, calculate therecovery of x in any one output stream as in 11.1.12. Report12.1 If throughput is used, calculate the recovery and recordon the report form shown as Fig. 1.12.2 If purity is used, calculate the recovery and record onthe report form shown as Fig. 2.12.2.1 A modified form is needed f
32、or polynary separators.E1108 86 (2017)213. Precision and Bias13.1 Since recovery is a calculation based on other standardsampling methods, the precision and bias is a function of theirstandard methods.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne
33、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi
34、ble technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful co
35、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
36、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Sample Throughput Report FormFIG. 2 Sample Purity Report FormE1108 86 (2017)3
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