ASTM E1109-2018 Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions.pdf

1、Designation: E1109 18Standard Test Method forDetermining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision

2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method may be used to determine the bulkdensity of various fractions from the resource recovery pro-cessing of municipal

3、solid waste. It is intended as a means ofcharacterizing such fractions and for providing data useful todesigners of solid waste processing plants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purpor

4、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard

5、was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refere

6、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregateto Testing SizeD75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste ManagementE689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron CastingsE1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput ofResource

7、-Recovery Unit Operations3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms common to wasteand waste management used in this test method, refer toTerminology D5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bulk densitythe mass per unit volume of particulatematter. Bulk density is n

8、ot an absolute material property as isthe density of individual particles of a material. The bulkdensity depends on the size of the container and how thematerial is loaded into the container. For example, the bulkdensity of material placed loosely in a container will be lessthan that of material tam

9、ped into a container. Also, somematerials placed loosely in a container will settle with time dueto its own weight; thus, its bulk density will increase.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of a solid waste stream is tamped in a cubicalcontainer of known volume and then weighed. Bulk density iscalc

10、ulated from the weight of the contents and volume of thecontainer.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solidwaste in processing facilities, a property that characterizes thesolid waste streams and hence the operation of resourcerecovery separators and processo

11、rs.5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the designof materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.6. Apparatus6.1 BalanceA balance or scale accurate to within 0.1 % ofthe test load at any point within the range of use. The range ofuse shall be considered to extend from the w

12、eight of themeasure empty to the weight of the measure plus its contents.6.2 Cubical Measure, with internal dimensions approxi-mately 60 by 60 by 60 cm (24 by 24 by 24 in.), provided withhandles. The interior surfaces of the measure shall be nonab-sorbent to moisture.NOTE 1A satisfactory weigh box h

13、as been constructed of 2.0-cm(34-in.) exterior grade plywood with the finished surface on the inside.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved M

14、ay 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1109 86 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/E1109-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol

15、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stan

16、dardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Reinforcing strips approximately 5 cm (2 in.) wide and 1.3 cm (12 in.)thick were fastene

17、d to the outside walls, two of them in a way to providehandles.6.3 Larger cubical weigh boxes shall be used as necessary toaccommodate large particles of material. No particle largerthan two-thirds the length, height, or width of the weigh boxshall be put into the weigh box in determining the bulk d

18、ensity.7. Sampling7.1 Samples shall be obtained from the processor streams orseparator output streams in accordance with 11.1 of TestMethod E1107, and shall constitute the gross sample.7.2 The amount of material in each sample shall conform tothe requirements of Table 1 of Practice D75/D75M, except

19、thatsamples of material with greater than 90 mm (312 in.)maximum nominal size shall weigh not less than 250 kg(550 lb).8. Sample Preparation8.1 Prepare and test the samples as soon as practicable withdue precaution that they neither gain nor lose weight fromnatural drying or being left uncovered in

20、wet or dusty areas, asdescribed in Section 11 of Test Method E1107.8.2 Weigh the gross samples before being subdivided. Drainwet samples in accordance with 11.g of Reference RadiographsE689 before weighing and report the test results as “per drainedweight.”8.3 Subdivide gross samples in accordance w

21、ith PracticeC702/C702M to form four test specimens. If the cone andquartering method of Practice C702/C702M is used, takespecial care to include the fine particulate material that may siftto the bottom of the pile. Keep the test specimens in moisturebarrier containers until tested or discarded.9. Pr

22、ocedure9.1 Measure the internal dimensions of the weight box to61 mm (0.05 in). Then calculate and record the volume to60.1 %.9.2 Determine the weight of the weigh box to 60.1 %.9.3 Select a test specimen at random from the four and fillthe weigh box to overflowing, taking special care to avoidsegre

23、gation, compaction, or spillage, especially loss of the fineparticulate material. Then tamp the box three times by lifting it6cm(212 in.) above the ground and dropping squarely. Aftertamping, draw a rigid straightedge across the top of the box tolevel the contents. Some agitation of the straightedge

24、 may benecessary to force particulate either in or out of the box. If thecontents remain below the top of the box, empty the box andstart the test again using another specimen.9.4 Weigh the filled box 60.1 % and calculate the bulkdensity to three significant figures.9.5 Repeat the procedures of 9.3

25、and 9.4 with another testspecimen selected at random from the remaining three.9.6 Calculate the average of the two bulk densities. If thedensities are more than 10 % different, select at randomanother specimen from the remaining two specimens and makea third bulk density determination. If the third

26、density is morethan 5 % above or below the average of the first two, discardall four test specimens, obtain another gross sample and repeatthe test procedure using a larger weigh box. If the thirddetermination is within 5 % of the average of the first two,report the average of the three determinatio

27、ns.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the bulk density as follows:Bulk Density 5 W 2 WT!/Vwhere:W = the weight of the box full,WT= the weight of the box empty, andV = the volume of the box as determined in 9.1.10.2 If the box is weighed in kilograms, the volume of thebox shall be expressed in cubic metre

28、s. If the box is weighedin pounds, the volume of the box shall be expressed in cubicfeet and the bulk density in pounds per cubic feet.11. Report11.1 The bulk density is reported as the average of the twoor three determinations.FIG. 1 Sample Bulk Density Computation and Report SheetE1109 18211.2 The

29、 report shall indicate whether the density is basedon as-received weight, drained weight, or other.11.3 The report form is shown in Fig. 1. All items shall becompleted.12. Precision and Bias12.1 There are not yet sufficient data available to determinethe precision of this test method. There are no k

30、nown standardmaterials for determining the bias of this test method.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any

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34、his standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 183