1、Designation: E1130 08E1130 16Standard Test Method forObjective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open PlanSpaces Using Articulation Index1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is one of a series of test methods for evaluatingassessing speech privacy in buildings.
3、It Thisspecific standard is designed to measureassess the degree of speech privacy between locations in openplan spaces, where occupants are separated only by partial-height partitions and furnishings. Anotherproposed test method deals with assessing speech privacy for closed rooms. A related test m
4、ethoddeals with the laboratory measurement of interzone attenuation for open plan components intended toprovide speech privacy, such as partial height space dividers, ceiling systems and wall finishes.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a means of measuring objectively assessing speech privacy ob
5、jectively between locations in openplan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methodsfor assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan componentswhich affect speec
6、h privacy; but rather, it measuresassesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration ofcomponents (1, 2).21.2 This test method is intended to be a field test for the measurementassessment of speech privacy in actual open plan spaces.However, this test method could be used in an envir
7、onment mock-up spaces and in environments arranged to simulate an open planspace.1.3 This test method is suitable for use in many open plan spaces such asincluding traditional open plan offices, healthcarespaces,offices, focus areas, and collaboration spaces. In addition to office buildings, these t
8、ypes of spaces will also be found inhealthcare buildings, institutional spaces, schools, etc. It is not directly applicable for measuring the speech privacy between openplan and enclosed spaces or between fully enclosed spaces.1.4 This test method relies upon the Articulation Index, which objectivel
9、y predicts the intelligibility of speech. While both theArticulation Index and this test method can be expected to reliably predict average speech privacy, neither predicts the specificdegree of effective speech privacy afforded to particular open plan individual occupants.1.5 The values stated in S
10、I units are to be regarded as the standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
11、health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental AcousticsE1179 Specification for Sound Sources Used for Testing Open Office Components and Systems1 This test meth
12、od is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.02on Speech Privacy.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008Nov. 15, 2016. Published September 2008December 2016. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous e
13、dition approved in 20022008as E1130 02E1130 08.1 . DOI: 10.1520/E1130-08.10.1520/E1130-16.2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at servi
14、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. B
15、ecauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 10
16、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ANSI Standards:4S1.4ANSI/ASA S1.4-2014/PART 1/IEC 61672:1-2013 Specification for Sound Level MetersS1.6ANSI/ASAS1.6-1984 (R2011) Preferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band Numbers forAcoustical MeasurementsS
17、1.11ANSI/ASA S1.11-2014/Part 1/IEC 61260:1-2014 Specification for Octave-Band, and Fractional-Octave-bandFractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions:The3.1.1 The acoustical terminology used in this test method is consistent with Terminology C634. Of spec
18、ial importance are theterms average sound pressure level and arithmetic mean sound pressure level, both of which are defined in Terminology C634,and source point which is defined in Specification E1179. acoustical terminology used in this test method is consistent withTerminology C634. Of special im
19、portance are the terms average sound pressure level and arithmetic mean sound pressure level,both of which are defined in Terminology C634, and source point which is defined in Specification E1179.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Select two locations in an open plan environment, between which the speech
20、 privacy is to be measured.assessed. Designateone location as the talker or source location and the other as the listener or measurement location. These locations should typifythe usual positions of occupants.occupants within the open plan space.4.2 All masking sound systems and HVAC systems shall b
21、e operating in their usual manner.4.3 At the listener location, measure both the ambient sound pressure levels in each one-third octave-band from 200 to 5000Hz and the A-weighted ambient sound level.4.4 Locate a qualified sound source (per Specification E1179) at the talker location and orient it to
22、ward the listener location.Drive the source with pink or white(or white) noise at a level sufficient to increase the one-third octave-band sound pressure levelsat the measurement location by at least 10 dB above the ambient over the entire frequency range of interest. The sound pressurelevels produc
23、ed by the sound source at a 1.0 m (3.3 ft) reference position in an anechoic room space or free field for a knownelectrical input will have been previously established (3).4.5 Measure the sound pressure levels in one-third octave bands at the listener location with the source on.operated accordingto
24、 4.4.4.6 Calculate the level reduction in each one-third octave band, that is, the difference in sound pressure levels produced by thesound source at the 1.0 m (3.3 ft) reference position per 4.4 and that measured at the listener location.location per 4.5.4.7 DetermineSelect the appropriate referenc
25、e speech spectra to be used. used for the calculation of the predicted receivedspeech level. The normalnormal voice spectrum of male speech peaks from Table 1 (see also (4) and (5) must be used;optionally, additional spectra used in all cases; however, the casual voice spectrum may be used.also be u
26、sed in cases for focusedareas where behavioral and technical measures have been taken to limit voice levels, and similarly the raised voice spectrum mayalso be used in cases for collaboration areas where group discussions may occur.4.8 Calculate the one-third octave-band sound pressure levels for th
27、e predicted received speech spectrum at the listener location.This is carried out by subtracting the measured level reductions given in 4.6 from the speech spectrum. chosen reference speechspectrum from Table 1.4.9 Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio in each one-third octave band by subtracting the
28、measured ambient and sound pressurelevels in 4.3 from the calculated speech levels at the listener location.location given in 4.8.4.10 Calculate the Articulation Index in accordance with Section 11 using the one-third octave-band signal-to-noise ratios.4.11 Report the Articulation Index to two decim
29、al places as the measure of speech privacy. Additionally, the speech privacyindex PI may also be reported.5. Significance and Use5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech soundsexceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the
30、listeners ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listeners ear from intruding speech depend upon:5.2.1 The individual vocal effort and orientation of the talker,5.2.2 The attenuation of speech signals due to distance or intervening barriers, and4 Availabl
31、e from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E1130 1625.2.3 The reinforcement of speech signals due to reflections from surfac
32、es such as the ceiling, furniture panels, light fixtures,walls, or windows.5.3 The ambient sound pressure levels will often be controlled levels within a space often must be increased in order to maskintruding speech. This is accomplished by means of a masking sound speech using an electronic sound
33、masking system. However,in certain positionslocations and frequency ranges, in specific frequency ranges, the building mechanical, electrical and plumbing(MEP) equipment, and the heating, ventilating, or air conditioning equipment (HVAC) may contribute significantly to ambientsound pressure levels.
34、increase ambient sound levels or add tonal noise components that may require mitigation before tuning themasking sound.5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to measureassess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using thestandard Articulation Index method. This requires measurem
35、ent of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrumis for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work
36、 zones for focused workwhere administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a casual voice spectrum should be used to calculateTABLE 1 Speech Peaks for MalesA,BOne-ThirdOctave-BandCenterFrequency,HzOne-ThirdOctave-BandSound PressureLevels ofSpeech Peaksfor NormalVoice Effort(dB re:
37、 20 Pa)One-ThirdOctave-BandSound PressureLevels ofSpeech Peaksfor RaisedVoice Effort(dB re: 20 Pa)200 60 63250 64 68315 63 67400 65 70500 66 72630 64 70800 58 661000 58 651250 59 671600 56 632000 52 592500 53 603150 53 584000 50 565000 46 52TABLE 1 Speech Peaks for MalesA,BOne-ThirdOctave-BandCenter
38、Frequency,HzOne-ThirdOctave-BandSound PressureLevels ofSpeech Peaksfor CasualVoice Effort(dB re: 20 Pa)One-ThirdOctave-BandSound PressureLevels ofSpeech Peaksfor NormalVoice Effort(dB re: 20 Pa)One-ThirdOctave-BandSound PressureLevels ofSpeech Peaksfor RaisedVoice Effort(dB re: 20 Pa)200 58 60 63250
39、 58 64 68315 56 63 67400 59 65 70500 60 66 72630 57 64 70800 50 58 661000 49 57 651250 51 59 661600 51 56 632000 47 52 592500 45 53 593150 45 53 584000 47 50 565000 46 46 52ASpeech peaks calculated from rms values given in (4) by adding 12 dB, inaccordance with (5).BThe A-weighted sound level and li
40、near sound pressure level of the casual voiceeffort given in Table 1 are 63 and 67 respectively, for the normal voice effortspectrum given in Table 1 are 70 dB and 73 dB, respectively. The correspondinglevels these are 69 and 73, respectively, and for the raised voice effort spectrumare 76 dB and 78
41、 dB. 78, respectively.E1130 163speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for collaborative work where lively discussion is expected, a raisedvoice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.5.5 The Articulation Index ranges from a low value of 0.00, where speech is unintelligib
42、le, to generally perceived to beunintelligible, to a high value of 1.00, where all individual spoken words can be understood. Caution should be exercised ininterpreting the numerical AI results of this test method. There is a need for further research to establish the relationship ofArticulation Ind
43、ex to speech privacy. One purpose of this test method is to encourage the measurement of data and further researchon this topic perhaps leading to development ofmethod since the percentage of single words, phrases, and sentences understoodwill be different for the same AI value well-documented (5spe
44、ech ).privacy categories and criteria.5.6 This test method can be used to:5.6.1 Compare the relative speech privacy afforded between different locations within open plan spaces.5.6.2 Evaluate how changes in open plan components (barriers, furniture, ceilings, masking sound, or wall panels) affect sp
45、eechprivacy.5.6.3 MeasureAssess speech privacy objectively for correlation with subjective responses.5.7 This test method could be one element of a performance or acceptance test procedure. However, many additional itemswould need to be specified to allow the use of this test method for performance
46、testing of an open plan environment, such as, thenumber of locations to be tested and method of selecting those locations, and the method of averagingassessing the results.Specifying a numerical criterion in terms of the Articulation Index is also necessary for acceptance testing; however, the selec
47、tionof such a criterion and permissible deviations should be undertaken with care in view of the present state-of-the-art as discussedin 5.5.6. Test Space6.1 The test space shall be an actual or a mock-up open plan environment.6.2 The ceiling of the test space shall be complete, including ceiling bo
48、ard, light fixtures, and air diffusers.6.3 The floor covering and wall finishes shall be completely installed prior to testing.6.4 All furnishings shall be in place.6.5 Any masking sound system shall be set as intended for use in the occupied space.NOTE 1If the masking system is adjusted to produce
49、significantly higher sound pressure levels, greater speech privacy is obtained; however, thehigher levels may be found unacceptably annoying.upper limit of acceptability is generally determined by the subjective comfort of the occupant ratherthan by speech privacy achieved. In traditional open plan office spaces, the A-weighted sound level of the background masking sound is commonly setbetween 45 and 48 dB. Levels at or above 50 dB should be avoided as these will tend to be annoying in-of-themselves.6.6 The open plan space should be unoccupied during
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