1、Designation: E1155 96 (Reapproved 2008)E1155 14Standard Test Method forDetermining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor LevelnessNumbers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test met
3、hod covers a quantitative method of measuring floor surface profiles to obtain estimates of the floorscharacteristic FF Flatness and FL Levelness Face Floor Profile Numbers (F-Numbers) using the inch-pound system of units.NOTE 1A complete metric companion to Test Method E1155 has been developed, Tes
4、t Method E1155M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shownin this test method.1.2 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test meth
5、od.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to e
6、stablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1155M Test Method for Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor Levelness Numbers (Metric)2.2 ACI Standard:3ACI 117-90 Standard Specific
7、ations for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 onServiceability.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008April 1, 2014. Published January
8、2008July 2014. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 asE1155 96 (2001).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/E1155-96R08.10.1520/E1155-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
9、Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.http:/www.concrete.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to
10、 provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof
11、 the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 elevationheight, altitude, vertical lo
12、cation in space. Elevation measurements are always made parallel to the directionof gravity.3.1.2 flateven, plane, homoloidal, free of undulation.3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of this test method, flatness will be measured by calculating curvature value, q, between all 12-in. reading pointssepa
13、rated by 24 in. The curvature value is the difference between successive elevation differences. The mean and standarddeviation of all the curvature values for a given test section are then converted according to the equations in this test method toget the dimensionless FF Flatness Number.3.1.3 floor
14、 profilometera Type I device (see 6.1.1) that produces a continuous record of the elevation of a single point movingalong a line on the floors surface.3.1.4 horizontallevel, normal to the direction of gravity.3.1.5 inclinometera Type II device (see 6.1.2) that measures the angle between horizontal a
15、nd the line joining the two pointsof contact with the floors surface.3.1.6 levelhorizontal, normal to the direction of gravity.3.1.6.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of this test method, levelness will be measured by collecting elevation differences at points spaced 10 ft apartand that will be described
16、 by the FL Levelness number (dimensionless).3.1.7 longitudinal differential floor profilometer, na Type II device (see 6.1.2) that produces a continuous record of theelevation difference between two points moving along a line on the floors surface, which two points remain separated by a fixeddistanc
17、e.3.1.8 sample measurement linea sample measurement line shall consist of any straight line on the test surface along whichmeasurements are taken, with the limitations listed in 7.3.3.1.9 sign conventionwhere up is the positive direction; down is the negative direction. Consequently, the higher the
18、readingpoint, the more positive its hi value, and the lower the reading point, the more negative its hi value. Similarly, the elevationdifference from a low point to a high point (that is, an uphill difference) is positive, while the elevation difference from a high pointto a low point (that is, a d
19、ownhill difference) is negative.3.1.10 test sectiona test section consists of any subdivision of the test surface with the limitations listed in 7.2.3.1.11 test surfaceon any one building level, the entire floor area of interest constitutes the test surface, with the limitationslisted in 7.1.3.1.12
20、verticalparallel to the direction of gravity.3.2 Symbols:3.2.1 Aiarea of Test Section i.3.2.2 didifference in elevation (in inches) between reading points Pi and Pi1 (i 1).3.2.3 FfFace FF Flatness Number (dimensionless).3.2.4 Fficomposite FF Flatness Number for Test Section i.3.2.5 FlFace FL Levelne
21、ss Number (dimensionless).3.2.6 Flicomposite FL Levelness Number for Test Section i.3.2.7 hielevation (in inches) of Reading Point Pi (i 0).3.2.8 njnumber of reading points in Test Sample j(nj 12).3.2.9 Nminminimum number of 10-ft elevation difference readings required per the test section.3.2.10 qi
22、arithmetic difference (in inches) between elevation differences di and di1 (i 2).3.2.11 rxjnumber of readings of Variable xobtained from Sample j.3.2.12 sxjstandard deviation of Variable x in Sample j.3.2.13 Vxjvariance of Variable x in Sample j.3.2.14 zidifference in elevation (in inches) between R
23、eading Points Pi and Pi10 (i 10).E1155 1424. Summary of Test Method4.1 Straight lines are marked at various locations on the floor surface. Point elevations are then measured at regular 12-in.intervals along each line. The elevation differences between all adjacent reading points are calculated, and
24、 a straight lineapproximation to the surface profile along each measurement line is produced and evaluated for consistency with visualobservation of the floor surface.4.2 The arithmetic differences between all adjacent 12-in. elevation differences and the elevation differences between all pointssepa
25、rated 10 ft are then calculated. Estimates of each test sections floors FF Flatness and FL Levelness F-Numbers are obtainedthrough statistical analyses of these calculated profile values. Finally, the F-Numbers for each test section are combined to arriveat a composite set of F-Numbers for each test
26、 surface.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides statistical (and graphical) information concerning floor surface profiles.5.2 Results of this test method are used primarily to:5.2.1 Establish compliance of randomly trafficked floor surfaces with specified FF Flatness and FL Levelness t
27、olerances,5.2.2 Evaluate the effect of different construction methods on resulting floor surface flatness and levelness, and5.2.3 Investigate the curling and deflection of floor surfaces.5.3 Results of this test method shall not be used to enforce contract flatness and levelness tolerances on those
28、floor installationsprimarily intended to support the operation of fixed-path vehicle systems (for example, narrow aisle warehouse floors).NOTE 2When the traffic patterns across a floor are random, (as is generally the case) evaluation of the floors FF Flatness and FL Levelness willnecessarily involv
29、e a random sampling of the surface, since all of the infinite potential profiles to be seen by the traffic can not possibly be measured.In those instances when the traffic across a floor will be confined to specific paths, however, the requirement for random sampling is eliminated, sincethe floor ca
30、n indeed be inspected exactly as it will be seen by all of the traffic. In these special cases, rather than inferring the condition of the traffic pathsfrom a random sample, it is far more useful to measure each of the traffic paths directly using continuous recording floor profilometer configured t
31、o runexactly in the traffic wheel paths. Such direct simulation measurements eliminate the inherent uncertainties of statistical sampling and provide profileinformation immediately applicable to the correction of the surface in way of the future traffic.6. Apparatus6.1 Point Elevation Measurement De
32、vice:6.1.1 Type I ApparatusIf a Type II apparatus (see 6.1.2) is not used for this test, then an apparatus capable of measuring theelevations of a series of points spaced at regular 12-in. intervals along a straight line on the floor surface shall be used. Examplesof satisfactory Type I point elevat
33、ion measurement devices include, but are not limited to the following:6.1.1.1 Leveled Straightedge, with gage (for example, tri-square, dial indicator, etc.) to measure vertical distance from the upperstraightedge surface to floor.6.1.1.2 Leveled Straightedge, with graduated wedges or shims to measu
34、re vertical distance from lower straightedge surface tofloor.6.1.1.3 Optical Level, with vernier or scaled target.6.1.1.4 Laser Level, with vernier or scaled target.6.1.1.5 Taut Level Wire, with gage to measure vertical distance from wire to floor.6.1.1.6 Floor Profilometer.6.1.1.7 Laser Imaging Dev
35、ice.6.1.2 Type II ApparatusIf a Type I apparatus (see 6.1.1) is not used for this test, then an apparatus capable of measuring theelevations of a series of points spaced at regular 12-in. intervals along a straight line on the floor surface shall be used. Examplesof satisfactory Type II point elevat
36、ion measurement devices include, but are not limited to the following:6.1.2.1 Inclinometer, having 12-in. contact point spacing.6.1.2.2 Longitudinal Differential Floor Profilometer, having 12-in. sensor wheel spacing.6.2 Ancillary Equipment:6.2.1 Measurement Tape, graduated in feet.6.2.2 Chalk Line
37、(or other means for marking straight lines on the test surface).6.2.3 Data Recording MeansThis procedure requires the recording of both verbal and numeric information. Examples ofsatisfactory data recording means include, but are not limited to the following:6.2.3.1 Manual Data Sheet.6.2.3.2 Magneti
38、c Tape Recorder, (voice or direct input).6.2.3.3 Paper Chart Recorder.6.2.3.4 Direct Computer Input.NOTE 3Since the bias of the results obtained with this test method will vary directly with the accuracy of the particular measurement deviceemployed, all project participants should agree on the exact
39、 test apparatus to be used prior to the application of this test method for contract specificationenforcement.E1155 1437. Organization of Test Area7.1 Test SurfaceOn any one building level, the entire floor area of interest shall constitute the test surface.7.1.1 When this test method is used to est
40、ablish compliance of randomly trafficked floor surfaces with specified FF Flatness andFL Levelness tolerances, each portion of the surface which has a unique specified set of tolerances must be treated as a separatesurface.7.2 Test SectionA test section shall consist of any subdivision of a test sur
41、face satisfying the following criteria:7.2.1 No test section shall measure less than 8 ft on a side, nor comprise an area less than 320 ft2.7.2.2 No portion of the test surface shall be associated with more than one test section.7.2.3 When testing a concrete floor, no test section boundary shall cro
42、ss any construction joint.7.3 Sample Measurement LineA sample measurement line shall consist of any straight line on the test surface satisfying thefollowing criteria:7.3.1 No sample measurement line shall measure less than 11 ft in length.7.3.2 No portion of any sample measurement line shall fall w
43、ithin 2 ft of any slab boundary, construction joint, isolation joint,block-out, penetration, or other similar discontinuity.7.3.2.1 ExceptionShrinkage crack control joints formed either by partial depth sawcuts or by partial depth inserts shall beignored.7.3.2.2 ExceptionIf the area to be excluded f
44、rom measurement exceeds 25 % of the test section area, then the 2-ft boundaryexclusion shall not apply.7.3.3 Measurement lines may not be placed parallel to each other closer than 4 ft.7.4 Type I Test Sample (Measured With Type I Apparatus)AType I test sample shall consist of not less than twelve se
45、quentialpoint elevation measurements made at regular 12-in. intervals along a single sample measurement line.7.5 Type II Test Sample (Measured With Type II Apparatus)A Type II test sample shall consist of not less than elevensequential measurements of the elevation differences between adjacent readi
46、ng points spaced at regular 12-in. intervals along asingle sample measurement line.7.6 Minimum Number of zi Readings Per Test SectionThe number (or length) of Type I or Type II test samples to be collectedwithin each test section shall be sufficient to yield (in aggregate) not less than Nmin individ
47、ual measurements of zi, where Nmin iscalculated as follows:Nmin52=A 320#A#1600! (1)5A/30 A.1600!where:A = test section area, ft2.A = test section area, ft27.7 Construction JointsWhere construction joints are required to be measured, periodic measurements of the 24-in. curvatureqi shall be taken, tra
48、nsverse to and centered on the construction joint. At least one qi measurement shall be taken on each straightsection of joint, with a maximum interval between measurement locations not to exceed 10 ft. These measurement locations shallbe recorded.NOTE 4Since construction joints are a discontinuity
49、in the floor surface, measuring across them would introduce statistical anomalies into this testmethod. Construction joints are therefore excluded from the generation of F-Number statistics. However, since traffic will nevertheless pass across manyof the construction joints, a separate measurement and analysis of the joints may be required in order to provide a quantitative measure of the roughnessof the joints themselves. Some joints may never see traffic, for example, those along a wall. The particular joints r
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