1、Designation: E1155M 96 (Reapproved 2008)E1155M 14Standard Test Method forDetermining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor LevelnessNumbers (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1155M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a quantitative method of measuring floor surface profiles to ob
3、tain estimates of the floorscharacteristic FF Flatness and FL Levelness Face Floor Profile Numbers (F-Numbers) using the metric (SI) system of units.NOTE 1This is the metric companion to Test Method E1155.1.2 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory materi
4、al. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address
5、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1155 Test Method f
6、or Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor Levelness Numbers2.2 ACI Standard:3ACI 117-90 Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 elevationheight, altitude, vertical location in space. Elev
7、ation measurements are always made parallel to the directionof gravity.3.1.2 flateven, plane, homoloidal, free of undulation.3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of this test method, flatness will be measured by calculating curvature value, q, between all 12-in.300-mm.reading points separated by 24 in
8、.600 mm. The curvature value is the difference between successive elevation differences. Themean and standard deviation of all the curvature values for a given test section are then converted according to the equations inthis test method to get the dimensionless FF Flatness Number.3.1.3 floor profil
9、ometera Type I device (see 6.1.1) that produces a continuous record of the elevation of a single point movingalong a line on the floors surface.3.1.4 horizontallevel, normal to the direction of gravity.3.1.5 inclinometera Type II device (see 6.1.2) that measures the angle between horizontal and the
10、line joining the two pointsof contact with the floors surface.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 onServiceability.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008April 1, 2014. Published January
11、 2008July 2014. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 asE1155E1155M 96 (2008).M 96 (2001). DOI: 10.1520/E1155M-96R08.10.1520/E1155M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
12、 Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.http:/www.concrete.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is in
13、tended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the cur
14、rent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.6 levelhorizontal, normal to the direction of gravity.3.1.6.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of
15、 this test method, levelness will be measured by collecting elevation differences at points spaced 10 ft3 m apartand that will be described by the FL Levelness number (dimensionless).3.1.7 longitudinal differential floor profilometer, na Type II device (see 6.1.2) that produces a continuous record o
16、f theelevation difference between two points moving along a line on the floors surface, which two points remain separated by a fixeddistance.3.1.8 sample measurement linea sample measurement line shall consist of any straight line on the test surface along whichmeasurements are taken, with the limit
17、ations listed in 7.3.3.1.9 sign conventionwhere up is the positive direction; down is the negative direction. Consequently, the higher the readingpoint, the more positive its hi value, and the lower the reading point, the more negative its hi value. Similarly, the elevationdifference from a low poin
18、t to a high point (that is, an uphill difference) is positive, while the elevation difference from a high pointto a low point (that is, a downhill difference) is negative.3.1.10 test sectiona test section consists of any subdivision of the test surface with the limitations listed in 7.2.3.1.11 test
19、surfaceon any one building level, the entire floor area of interest constitutes the test surface, with the limitationslisted in 7.1.3.1.12 verticalparallel to the direction of gravity.3.2 Symbols:3.2.1 Aiarea of Test Section i.3.2.2 didifference in elevation (in millimetres) between reading points P
20、i and Pi1 (i 1).3.2.3 FfFace FF Flatness Number (dimensionless).3.2.4 Fficomposite FF Flatness Number for Test Section i.3.2.5 FlFace FL Levelness Number (dimensionless).3.2.6 Flicomposite FL Levelness Number for Test Section i.3.2.7 hielevation (in millimetres) of Reading Point Pi (i 0).3.2.8 njnum
21、ber of reading points in Test Sample j (nj 12).3.2.9 Nminminimum number of 3-m elevation difference readings required per the test section.3.2.10 qiarithmetic difference (in millimetres) between elevation differences di and di1 (i 2).3.2.11 rxjnumber of readings of Variable xobtained from Sample j.3
22、.2.12 sxjstandard deviation of Variable x in Sample j.3.2.13 Vxjvariance of Variable x in Sample j.3.2.14 zidifference in elevation (in millimetres) between Reading Points Pi and Pi10 (i 10).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Straight lines are marked at various locations on the floor surface. Point eleva
23、tions are then measured at regular 300-mmintervals along each line. The elevation differences between all adjacent reading points are calculated, and a straight lineapproximation to the surface profile along each measurement line is produced and evaluated for consistency with visualobservation of th
24、e floor surface.4.2 The arithmetic differences between all adjacent 300-mm elevation differences and the elevation differences between allpoints separated 3 m are then calculated. Estimates of each test sections floors FF Flatness and FL Levelness F-Numbers areobtained through statistical analyses o
25、f these calculated profile values. Finally, the F-Numbers for each test section are combinedto arrive at a composite set of F-Numbers for each test surface.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides statistical (and graphical) information concerning floor surface profiles.5.2 Results of th
26、is test method are used primarily to:5.2.1 Establish compliance of randomly trafficked floor surfaces with specified FF Flatness and FL Levelness tolerances,5.2.2 Evaluate the effect of different construction methods on resulting floor surface flatness and levelness, and5.2.3 Investigate the curling
27、 and deflection of floor surfaces.E1155M 1425.3 Results of this test method shall not be used to enforce contract flatness and levelness tolerances on those floor installationsprimarily intended to support the operation of fixed-path vehicle systems (for example, narrow aisle warehouse floors).NOTE
28、2When the traffic patterns across a floor are random, (as is generally the case) evaluation of the floors FF Flatness and FL Levelness willnecessarily involve a random sampling of the surface, since all of the infinite potential profiles to be seen by the traffic can not possibly be measured.In thos
29、e instances when the traffic across a floor will be confined to specific paths, however, the requirement for random sampling is eliminated, sincethe floor can indeed be inspected exactly as it will be seen by all of the traffic. In these special cases, rather than inferring the condition of the traf
30、fic pathsfrom a random sample, it is far more useful to measure each of the traffic paths directly using continuous recording floor profilometer configured to runexactly in the traffic wheel paths. Such direct simulation measurements eliminate the inherent uncertainties of statistical sampling and p
31、rovide profileinformation immediately applicable to the correction of the surface in way of the future traffic.6. Apparatus6.1 Point Elevation Measurement Device:6.1.1 Type I ApparatusIf a Type II apparatus (see 6.1.2) is not used for this test, then an apparatus capable of measuring theelevations o
32、f a series of points spaced at regular 300-mm intervals along a straight line on the floor surface shall be used. Examplesof satisfactory Type I point elevation measurement devices include, but are not limited to the following:6.1.1.1 Leveled Straightedge, with gage (for example, tri-square, dial in
33、dicator, etc.) to measure vertical distance from the upperstraightedge surface to floor.6.1.1.2 Leveled Straightedge, with graduated wedges or shims to measure vertical distance from lower straightedge surface tofloor.6.1.1.3 Optical Level, with vernier or scaled target.6.1.1.4 Laser Level, with ver
34、nier or scaled target.6.1.1.5 Taut Level Wire, with gage to measure vertical distance from wire to floor.6.1.1.6 Floor Profilometer.6.1.1.7 Laser Imaging Device.6.1.2 Type II ApparatusIf a Type I apparatus (see 6.1.1) is not used for this test, then an apparatus capable of measuring theelevations of
35、 a series of points spaced at regular 300-mm intervals along a straight line on the floor surface shall be used. Examplesof satisfactory Type II point elevation measurement devices include, but are not limited to the following:6.1.2.1 Inclinometer, having 300-mm contact point spacing.6.1.2.2 Longitu
36、dinal Differential Floor Profilometer, having 300-mm sensor wheel spacing.6.2 Ancillary Equipment:6.2.1 Measurement Tape, graduated in millimetres.6.2.2 Chalk Line (or other means for marking straight lines on the test surface).6.2.3 Data Recording MeansThis procedure requires the recording of both
37、verbal and numeric information. Examples ofsatisfactory data recording means include, but are not limited to the following:6.2.3.1 Manual Data Sheet.6.2.3.2 Magnetic Tape Recorder (voice or direct input).6.2.3.3 Paper Chart Recorder.6.2.3.4 Direct Computer Input.NOTE 3Since the bias of the results o
38、btained with this test method will vary directly with the accuracy of the particular measurement deviceemployed, all project participants should agree on the exact test apparatus to be used prior to the application of this test method for contract specificationenforcement.7. Organization of Test Are
39、a7.1 Test SurfaceOn any one building level, the entire floor area of interest shall constitute the test surface.7.1.1 When this test method is used to establish compliance of randomly trafficked floor surfaces with specified FF Flatness andFL Levelness tolerances, each portion of the surface which h
40、as a unique specified set of tolerances must be treated as a separatesurface.7.2 Test SectionA test section shall consist of any subdivision of a test surface satisfying the following criteria:7.2.1 No test section shall measure less than 2.4 m on a side, nor comprise an area less than 12 m2.7.2.2 N
41、o portion of the test surface shall be associated with more than one test section.7.2.3 When testing a concrete floor, no test section boundary shall cross any construction joint.7.3 Sample Measurement LineA sample measurement line shall consist of any straight line on the test surface satisfying th
42、efollowing criteria:7.3.1 No sample measurement line shall measure less than 3.3 m in length.7.3.2 When testing a concrete floor, no portion of any sample measurement line shall fall within 600 mm of any slab boundary,construction joint, isolation joint, block-out, penetration, or other similar disc
43、ontinuity.7.3.2.1 ExceptionShrinkage crack control joints formed either by partial depth sawcuts or by partial depth inserts shall beignored.E1155M 1437.3.2.2 ExceptionIf the area to be excluded from measurement exceeds 25 % of the test section area, then the 600-mmboundary exclusion shall not apply
44、.7.3.3 Measurement lines may not be placed parallel to each other closer than 1.2 m.7.4 Type I Test Sample (Measured With Type I Apparatus)AType I test sample shall consist of not less than twelve sequentialpoint elevation measurements made at regular 300-mm intervals along a single sample measureme
45、nt line.7.5 Type II Test Sample (Measured With Type II Apparatus)A Type II test sample shall consist of not less than elevensequential measurements of the elevation differences between adjacent reading points spaced at regular 300-mm intervals alonga single sample measurement line.7.6 Minimum Number
46、 of zi Readings Per Test SectionThe number (or length) of Type I or Type II test samples to be collectedwithin each test section shall be sufficient to yield (in aggregate) not less than Nmin individual measurements of zi, where Nmin iscalculated as follows:Nmin52=A 12#A#150! (1)5A/3A.150!where:A =
47、test section area, m2.A = test section area, m27.7 Construction JointsWhere construction joints are required to be measured, periodic measurements of the 600-mmcurvature qi shall be taken, transverse to and centered on the construction joint.At least one qi measurement shall be taken on eachstraight
48、 section of joint, with a maximum interval between measurement locations not to exceed 3 m. These measurement locationsshall be recorded.NOTE 4Since construction joints are a discontinuity in the floor surface, measuring across them would introduce statistical anomalies into this testmethod. Constru
49、ction joints are therefore excluded from the generation of F-Number statistics. However, since traffic will nevertheless pass across manyof the construction joints, a separate measurement and analysis of the joints may be required in order to provide a quantitative measure of the roughnessof the joints themselves. Some joints may never see traffic, for example, those along a wall. The particular joints required to be analyzed may be specifiedin contract specifications, along with a maximum allowable value for q
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