ASTM E1199-1987(2004) Standard Practice for Sampling Zooplankton with a Clarke-Bumpus Plankton Sampler《用克--朋氏浮游生物采样器采集浮游生物》.pdf

1、Designation: E 1199 87 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forSampling Zooplankton with a Clarke-Bumpus PlanktonSampler1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining quan-titative samples of a zooplankton community by use of

3、aClarke-Bumpus plankton sampler.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitati

4、ons prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4134 Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with a Clarke-Bumpus Plankton SamplerE 1200 Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 The sampler is towed from a moving boat at a specifieddepth. The sampler uses a net

5、for the collection and concen-tration of zooplankton. The actual volume of water entering thesampler is measured by a calibrated flowmeter. The zooplank-ton are preserved as dictated by the objectives of the study.4. Significance and Use4.1 The advantages of the Clarke-Bumpus plankton samplerare as

6、follows:4.1.1 It will sample a discrete depth or multiple depths,depending upon the sampling design.4.1.2 It is a slow to medium speed sampler requiring atowing speed of three to five knots.4.1.3 The sample size can be easily controlled.4.1.4 The sampler is lightweight and can be used withoutauxilia

7、ry equipment.4.1.5 It has a relatively high filtration efficiency factor of0.88.4.1.6 It is a versatile sampler and can be used in all but theshallowest waters.4.1.7 The flowmeter records the amount of water that passesinto the net.4.1.8 Overspill of water at the mouth of the net due toexcess speed

8、of towing is of minimal consequence.4.2 The disadvantages of the Clarke-Bumpus plankton sam-pler are as follows:4.2.1 The flowmeter requires frequent maintenance includ-ing calibration and lubrication.4.2.2 It is not suitable for use in very small areas or shallowwaters.4.3 There are several special

9、 considerations that shall beobserved when using a Clarke-Bumpus sampler. They are:4.3.1 The flowmeter should be calibrated and servicedfrequently to ensure efficient and accurate operation.4.3.2 The sampler is relatively fragile, particularly theclosing device and flowmeter. This necessitates caref

10、ul deploy-ment and recovery procedures.4.3.3 Following each collection, the net must be thoroughlywashed.4.3.4 Special attention must be given to the strength of thecable and its attachment to avoid loss of the sampler.4.3.5 The sampler should not be used in beds of macro-phytes, in waters containin

11、g submerged objects, or close to thebottom.4.3.6 The net should be inspected frequently for pin-sizeholes, tears, net deterioration, and other anomalies.4.3.7 Following use, the wet net should be suspended fulllength in the air in subdued light and allowed to dry.5. Apparatus5.1 The Clarke-Bumpus zo

12、oplankton sampler is a 5-in.diameter by 6-in. long brass tube consisting of a metal frame inwhich an interchangeable conical plankton net is attached atthe mouth and at the cod end.3This sampler is available in1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and En

13、vironmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004.Originally ap-proved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1199 87 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

14、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Clarke, G. L., and Bumpus, D. F., The Plankton SamplerAn Instrument forQuantitative Plankton Investig

15、ations, American Society of Limnology and Ocean-ography, Special Publication No. 5, Revised 1950.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.three sizes: 12, 20, and 30 cm. The most widely used size hasbeen the 20-cm diameter net

16、 which reportedly has bettercollecting characteristics.4The metal tube at the mouth of thisnet is fitted with a digital flowmeter from which the volume ofwater filtered can be calculated. In addition, the mouth containsa shutter device which opens and closes the net permitting thecollections from di

17、screte depths. The Clarke-Bumpus sampleris usually attached to a towing cable and a horizontal orienta-tion is maintained by stabilizing fins attached to the side of thesampler frame. A number of Clarke-Bumpus samplers can bestrung on a single cable for simultaneous sampling at variousdepths. The fr

18、ame is constructed of stainless steel or platedmetal not prone to corrosion. The entire apparatus weighs 14kg and measures 0.75 m in length. Refer to Fig. 1 or PracticeD 4134.NOTE 1See Table 1 for information on zooplankton collector devices.6. Procedure6.1 Under steady forward movement, three to fi

19、ve knots, thedepth (D) of tow can be determined by the following equation:D 5 L cos a (1)where:L = length of the tow line from the surface of the waterto the sampler, andcos a = cosine of the cable angle.6.2 Once the prescribed depth is reached, experimentallydetermine the duration of the tow; this

20、will be dependent uponthe density of zooplankton, depth of tow, and the size of thenet. When the sampling depth and length or time of tow havebeen achieved, release the messenger to open the closure to thenet and then following tow, release second messenger to closethe sampler. Then, retrieve the sa

21、mple, being careful to washthe zooplankton off the sides of the net into the sample bottle.Preserve the plankton as described in Practice E 1200.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of

22、this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five

23、years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical com

24、mittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1

25、9428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Tranter, D. J., and Heron, A. C., “Filtration Characteristics of the Clarke-Bumpus Samplers,” Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,Vol16, No. 3, 1965, pp 281292.FIG. 1 Clarke-Bumpus Plankton Sampler (Illustration by J. W.Steiner and W. G. Hester, U.S. Geological Survey, Doraville, GA)E 1199 87 (2004)2