ASTM E1200-1987(2004) Standard Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples《浮游生物防腐》.pdf

1、Designation: E 1200 87 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forPreserving Zooplankton Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the proper procedures for pre-serving zooplankton samples with either formaldehyde, etha-nol, glutaraldehyde, Lu

3、gols iodine solution, or vinegar (aceticacid).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul

4、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3. Summary of Practice3.1 A zooplankton sample collected with either a qualitativeor quantitative sampler is preserved with formaldehyde, etha-nol, glutaraldehyde, Lugols iodine solution,

5、or 25 % vinegaror 3 % acetic acid, as dictated by needs of the study. Thepreservatives are listed in order of preference.4. Significance and Use4.1 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) buffered formalin (3 to5 %) can be used as a permanent preservative for zooplankton.Lugols iodine solution can be used to pres

6、erve zooplanktonfor up to one year. Thirty percent ethanol, 30 % glutaraldehyde,or 25 % vinegar (can use 3 % acidic acid solution) can be usedfor more temporary storage and preservation of zooplanktonsamples. A 25 % vinegar solution is preferred to preservesoft-bodied planktonic coelenterates.5. Rea

7、gents5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.35.2 Purity

8、of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type II of Specification D 1193.5.3 Formaldehyde Solution37 to 40 % aqueous.5.4 Ethanol (95 %)Dilute with water 30 mL of ethanol to100 mL.5.5 GlutaraldehydeDilute with water 30 mL of glutara

9、l-dehyde to 100 mL.5.6 Lugols Iodine SolutionDissolve 60 g of potassiumiodide and 40 g of iodine crystals in 1000 mL of water.5.7 Vinegar SolutionDilute 25 or 250 mL of vinegar to100 or 1000 mL of water, respectively. An alternative is todilute with water 3 mL of 100 % acetic acid to 100 mL.5.8 Dete

10、rgent Solution (20 %)Dilute with water 20 mL ofhousehold liquid detergent to 100 mL.6. Procedure6.1 If the sample is to be examined within 2 to 3 h aftercollection, no special treatment is necessary. A zooplanktonsample may be maintained longer if refrigerated or iced at 2 to3C. For extended storage

11、, beyond 72 h, preservation isrequired. There are numerous preservatives for zooplankton.The formaldehyde solution is the most commonly used.6.2 To use the formaldehyde solution, to each 1000 mL ofsample add 30 mL of 37 to 40 % aqueous formaldehydesolution (100 % formalin) and 5 mL of 20 % liquid de

12、tergentsolution.46.3 For soft-bodied forms like planktonic coelenterates,25 % vinegar solution or 3 % acetic acid is a more suitablepreservative.6.4 Since many chemicals are oxidized by excess light, storezooplankton samples in the dark or closed boxes.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of AST

13、M Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1200 87 (1998)

14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3“Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specification

15、s,” Am. Chemi-cal Soc., Washington, D.C. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see “Analar Standards for Laboratory U.K.Chemicals,” BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, and the “United States Pharmacopeia.”4Greeson, P. E., Ehlke, T. A., Irwin, G. A., Lium, B. W.,

16、 and Slack, K. V.,“Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and MicrobiologicalSampler,” U.S. Geological Survey, Technology of Water-Resources Investigations,Book 5, Chapter A4, p. 332.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295

17、9, United States.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of

18、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a

19、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to

20、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1200 87 (2004)2