1、Designation: E1210 10E1210 16Standard Practice forFluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the HydrophilicPost-Emulsification Process1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the hydrophili
3、c post-emulsification process.It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts,laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination.
4、It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallicmaterials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetr
5、ant examination hydrophilic post-emulsification process recommended or required byindividual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain their applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent penetrant examination of materials andp
6、arts using the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specifictechniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This practice does not in
7、dicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out,however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code orspecification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location,
8、and direction of indications considered acceptable, and thoseconsidered unacceptable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard. SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
9、 with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and th
10、e supplier, orspecific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD808 Test Method for Chlorine in New a
11、nd Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and IR DetectionE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspect
12、ionE543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive TestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2297 Guide for Use of UV-AandVisible Light Sources and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E0
13、7 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrantand Magnetic Particle Methods.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2010June 1, 2016. Published March 2010June 2016. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asE1210 - 05
14、.E1210 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/E1210-10.10.1520/E1210-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This docu
15、ment is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as
16、appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E3022 Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteristic
17、s and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used in FluorescentPenetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ASNT Documents:Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing3ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testin
18、g Personnel32.3 Military Standard:Other Standards:MIL-STD-410ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and CertificationTestingQualification and vertificaitonof NDT Personnel4AMS 2644 Inspection Material Penetrant52.4 AIA Standard:NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructi
19、ve Testing Personnel62.5 DoD ContractsUnless otherwise specified, the issue of the documents that are DoD adopted are those listed in the issueof the DoDISS (Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards) cited in the solicitation.2.6 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict between
20、 this practice and the references cited herein, this practice takesprecedence.3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsdefinitions relating to liquid penetrant examination, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall apply to theterms used in this practice.Throughout this practice, the term “black light” has been
21、changed to “UV-A” to conform with the latest terminology in E1316.“Black light” can mean a broad range of ultraviolet radiation; fluorescent penetrant inspection only uses the UV-A range.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A post-emulsifiable, liquid, fluorescent penetrant is applied evenly over the surface b
22、eing tested and allowed to enter opendiscontinuities. After a suitable dwell time and prerinse, the excess surface penetrant is removed by applying a hydrophilicemulsifier and the surface is rinsed and dried.Adeveloper is then applied drawing the entrapped penetrant out of the discontinuityand stain
23、ing the developer. If an aqueous developer is to be employed, the developer is applied prior to the drying step. The testsurface is then examined visually under black lightUV-A radiation in a darkened area to determine the presence or absence ofindications. (WarningFluorescent penetrant examination
24、shall not follow a visible penetrant examination unless the procedurehas been qualified in accordance with 9.2, because visible dyes may cause deterioration or quenching of fluorescent dyes.)4.2 Processing parameters such as precleaning, penetration time, prerinsing, hydrophilic emulsifier concentra
25、tion, etc., aredetermined by the specific materials used, the nature of the part under examination (that is, size, shape, surface condition, alloy),type of discontinuities expected, etc.5. Significance and Use5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited
26、 extent, the nature and magnitude ofthe detected discontinuities. This practice is normally used for production examination of critical components, wherereproducibility is essential. More procedural controls and processing steps are required than with other processes.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Liq
27、uid Fluorescent Penetrant Testing Materials, for use in the hydrophilic post-emulsification process, (see Note 1) consistof a family of post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, hydrophilic remover, and appropriate developer and are classified as TypeI Fluorescent, Method DPost-Emulsifiable, Hydrophi
28、lic. Penetrant materials shall conform toAMS 2644 unless approved by thecontract or Level III. Each penetrant and emulsifier are approved together as a pair. Intermixing of materials from variousmanufacturers is not recommended.NOTE 1Refer to 8.1 for special requirements for sulfur, halogen, and alk
29、ali metal content. (WarningWhile approved penetrant materials will notadversely affect common metallic materials, some plastics or rubbers may be swollen or stained by certain penetrants.)6.2 Post-Emulsifiable Penetrants are designed to be insoluble in water and cannot be removed with water rinsing
30、alone. Theyare designed to be selectively removed from the surface by the use of a separate hydrophilic emulsifier. The hydrophilic emulsifier,at the proper concentration, properly applied, and given a proper emulsification time, combines with the excess surface penetrantto form a water-washable mix
31、ture, which can then be rinsed from the surface leaving the surface free of fluorescent background.3 Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Sect
32、ion D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.5 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.
33、, Warrendale, PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.6 Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye St., N.W., Washington, DC 20005.E1210 162Proper concentration and hydrophilic emulsification time must be experimentally established and maintained to assure thatover-emulsifica
34、tion does not occur, resulting in loss of indications.6.3 Hydrophilic Emulsifiers are liquids used to emulsify the excess oily fluorescent penetrant on the surface of the part,rendering it water-washable (see 7.1.6).They are water-base emulsifiers (detergent-type removers) that are supplied as conce
35、ntratesto be diluted with water and used as a dip or spray. The concentration, use, and maintenance shall be in accordance withmanufacturers recommendations.6.3.1 Hydrophilic emulsifiers function by displacing the excess penetrant film from the surface of the part through detergentaction. The force
36、of the water spray or air/mechanical agitation in an open dip tank provides the scrubbing action while thedetergent displaces the film of penetrant from the part surface. The emulsification time will vary, depending on its concentration.Its concentration can be monitored by the use of a suitable ref
37、ractometer.6.4 DevelopersDevelopment of penetrant indications is the process of bringing the penetrant out of discontinuities throughblotting action of the applied developer, thus increasing the visibility of the penetrant indications. Several types of developers aresuitable for use with the hydroph
38、ilic penetrant process.6.4.1 Dry Powder Developers are used as supplied (that is, free-flowing, noncaking powder) in accordance with 7.1.9.1(a). Careshould be taken not to contaminate the developer with fluorescent penetrant, as the penetrant specks can appear as indications.6.4.2 Aqueous Developers
39、 are normally supplied as dry powder particles to be either suspended or dissolved (soluble) in water.The concentration, use, and maintenance shall be in accordance with manufacturers recommendations (see 7.1.9.1(b).(WarningAqueous developers may cause stripping of indications if not properly applie
40、d and controlled. The procedure shouldbe qualified in accordance with 9.2. )6.4.3 Nonaqueous, Wet Developers are supplied as suspensions of developer particles in a nonaqueous, solvent carrier ready foruse as supplied. Nonaqueous, wet developers form a coating on the surface of the part when dried,
41、which serves as the developingmedium for fluorescent penetrants (see 7.1.9.1(c). (WarningThis type of developer is intended for application by spray only.)6.4.4 Liquid Film Developers are solutions or colloidal suspensions of resins/polymer in a suitable carrier.These developers willform a transpare
42、nt or translucent coating on the surface of the part. Certain types of film developer may be stripped from the partand retained for record purposes (see 7.1.9.1(d).7. Procedure7.1 The following general procedure applies to the fluorescent penetrant examination hydrophilic post-emulsification method(
43、see Fig. 1).7.1.1 Temperature LimitsThe temperature of the penetrant materials and the surface of the part to be processed should bebetween 40 and 125F (4 and 52C). Where it is not practical to comply with these temperature limitations, qualify the procedureat the temperature of intended use as desc
44、ribed in 9.2.7.1.2 Surface Conditioning Prior to Penetrant InspectionSatisfactory results may be obtained on surfaces in the as-welded,as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions or for ceramics in the densified condition. These sensitive penetrants are generally lesseasily rinsed away and are there
45、fore less suitable for rougher surfaces. When only loose surface residuals are present, these maybe removed by wiping the surface with clean lint-free cloths. However, precleaning of metals to remove processing residuals suchas oil, graphite, scale, insulating materials, coatings, and so forth, shou
46、ld be done using cleaning solvents, vapor degreasing orchemical removing processes. Surface conditioning by grinding, machining, polishing or etching shall follow shot, sand, grit andvapor blasting to remove the peened skin and when penetrant entrapment in surface irregularities might mask the indic
47、ations ofunacceptable discontinuities or otherwise interfere with the effectiveness of the examination. For metals, unless otherwisespecified, etching shall be performed when evidence exists that previous cleaning, surface treatments or service usage haveproduced a surface condition that degrades th
48、e effectiveness of the examination. (See Annex on Mechanical Cleaning and SurfaceConditioning andAnnex onAcid Etching in Test Method Parts and Materials in Practice E165E165/E165M for general precautionsrelative to surface preparation.)NOTE 2When agreed between purchaser and supplier, grit blasting
49、without subsequent etching may be an acceptable cleaning method.(WarningSand or shot blasting may possibly close indications and extreme care should be used with grinding and machining operations.)NOTE 3For structural or electronic ceramics, surface preparation by grinding, sand blasting and etching for penetrant examination is notrecommended because of the potential for damage.7.1.3 Removal of Surface Contaminants:7.1.3.1 PrecleaningThe success of any penetrant examination procedure is greatly dependent upon the surface anddiscontinuity being free of any cont
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