1、Designation: E1233 06E1233/E1233M 14Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors,Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Air PressureDifferential1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1233;E1233/E1233M; the number immediately following the designation indic
2、atesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the determinatio
3、n of the structural performance of exterior windows, doors, skylights, and curtainwalls under cyclic air pressure differential, using a test chamber. This test method is applicable to all curtain wall assemblies,including, but not limited to, metal, glass, masonry, and stone components.21.2 This tes
4、t method is intended only for evaluating the structural performance associated with the specified test specimen, andnot the structural performance of adjacent construction.1.3 Procedure A shall be used for life cycle test loads.1.4 Procedure B shall be used for wind event test loads.1.5 The values s
5、tated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only. stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two syste
6、ms may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of r
7、egulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.7 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the sta
8、ndard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E330E330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls byUniform Static Air Pressure DifferenceE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE997 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Ext
9、erior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence ofUniform Static Loads by Destructive MethodsE998 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of UniformStatic Loads by Nondestructive MethodE1300 Practice for Determining Load Re
10、sistance of Glass in BuildingsE1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted byMissile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure DifferentialsE1996 Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protect
11、ive Systems Impacted byWindborne Debris in Hurricanes1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performanceof Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 20
12、06Jan. 1, 2014. Published April 2006January 2014. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 asE1233 00.E1233 06. DOI: 10.1520/E1233-06.10.1520/E1233_E1233M-14.2 Additional information on curtain wall assemblies can be obtained from the American Architectural Manufacture
13、rs Association, Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173.60173-4268, http:/www.aamanet.org.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolu
14、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequ
15、ately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
16、en, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ASCEASCE/SEI Standard:4ASCE 7 (formerly ANSI A58.1)ASCE/SEI 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology E631, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to
17、This Standard:3.2.1 design wind load, nthe uniform static air pressure differences, inward and outward, for which the specimen would bedesigned under service load conditions using conventional wind engineering specifications and concepts, expressed in pascals(oror pounds-force per square foot).foot.
18、 This pressure is determined by either analytical or wind-tunnel procedures (such as arespecified in ASCEASCE/SEI 7).3.2.2 one cycle, nbeginning at a specified air pressure differential, the application of positive (negative) pressure to achieveanother specified air pressure differential and returni
19、ng to the initial specified air pressure differential.3.2.3 permanent deformation, ndisplacement or change in dimension of the specimen after the applied load has been removedand the specimen has relaxed for the specified period of time.3.2.4 positive (negative) cyclic test load, nthe specified diff
20、erential in static air pressure, creating an inward (outward) loading,for which the specimen is to be tested under repeated conditions, expressed in pascals (oror pounds-force per square foot).foot.3.2.5 positive (negative) maximum test load, nthe specified differential in static air pressure, creat
21、ing an inward (outward)load, for which the specimen is to be tested for required minimum ultimate strength, expressed in pascals (oror pounds-force persquare foot). foot.3.2.6 stick system, na curtain wall assembly composed of individually framed continuous members, vertical mullions, andhorizontal
22、rails that are installed in a sequential, piece-by-piece process. The completed system is assembled entirely in the field.3.2.7 structural distress, na change in condition of the specimen indicative of deterioration under repeated load or incipientfailure, such as cracking, fastener loosening, local
23、 yielding, or loss of adhesive bond.3.2.8 test specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted for test (as described in Section 8).3.2.9 unit/panel system, na curtain wall assembly composed of pre-assembled groups of individual framing members. Thecompleted system is designed to be modular, transpor
24、table, and installed as a finished assembly.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to orexhausting air from the chamber in accordance with a specific test loading program at the rate required to ma
25、intain the test pressuredifferential across the specimen, and observing, measuring, and recording the deflection, deformations, and nature of any structuraldistress or failures of the specimen.4.2 The test loading program calls for the application of a specified spectrum of pressure cycles followed
26、by the application ofpositive and then negative maximum test loads. The specifier must provide the information required in Section 10.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining structural performance under cyclic air pressure differential. Thistypically is in
27、tended to represent the long-term effects of repeated applications of wind load on exterior building surface elementsor those loads that may be experienced during a hurricane or other extreme wind event. This test method is intended to be usedfor installations of window, curtain wall, and door assem
28、blies for which the effects of cyclic or repeated loads may be significantfactors in the in-service structural performance of the system and for which such effects cannot be determined by testing under asingle application of uniform static air pressure. This standard test method is not intended to a
29、ccount for the effect of windbornedebris. This test method is considered appropriate for testing unique constructions or for testing systems that have insufficientin-service records to establish their performance under cyclic loading.5.1.1 The actual loading on building surfaces is quite complex, va
30、rying with wind direction, time, height above ground, buildingshape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. The resistance of many window, curtain wall, and door assemblies to windloading is also complex and depends on the complete history of load magnitude, duration, and repetition. Th
31、ese factors arediscussed in ASCEASCE/SEI 7 and in the literature (1-12)5.5.2 This test method is not intended for use in evaluating the adequacy of glass for a particular application. When the structuralperformance of glass is to be evaluated, the procedure described in Standard Test Method E997 or
32、E998 shall be used.5.3 The proper use of this test method requires knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.4 Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.20191, http:/www.asce.org.5 The boldface numbers in parentheses
33、 refers to the list of references at the end of this test method.E1233/E1233M 1425.4 Two types of cyclic air pressure differentials are defined: (Procedure A) Life cycle load (X1.1) and (Procedure B) Windevent load (X1.2). When testing under uniform static air pressure to establish structural perfor
34、mance, including performance underproof load, Standard Test Method E330E330/E330M applies. Consideration of windborne debris in combination with cyclic airpressure differential representing extreme wind events is addressed in Standard Test Method E1886 and Standard SpecificationE1996.5.5 Typical pra
35、ctice in the United States for the design and testing of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors has been toconsider only a one-time application of design wind load, increased by an appropriate factor of safety. This design wind load isbased on wind velocities with actual average probabilities of
36、 occurrence of once in the design life of the structure. The actualin-field performance of such assemblies, however, is dependent on many complex factors, and there exists significant classes ofapplications where the effects of repeated or cyclic wind loading will be the dominating factor in the act
37、ual structural performance,even though the magnitudes of such cyclic loads may be substantially lower than the peak load to which the assembly will besubjected during its design life. Examples of assemblies for which the effects of cyclic loading may be significant are included inAppendix X2.5.5.1 W
38、hen cyclic load effects are significant, the actual in-field performance of the assembly will depend on the complete loadhistory to which the assembly is subjected. The history includes variable sustained loads as well as gusts, which occur at varyingfrequencies and durations. Such load histories ar
39、e not deterministic, requiring the specifier to resort to a probabilistic approach fortest parameters. The resistance of an assembly to cyclic loading is similarly complex. When available, endurance curves(stress/number (S/N) curves) can be used to estimate the fatigue resistance of a particular mat
40、erial.Amajor uncertainty in applyingthese data, however, is that the stress in an element induced by a unit pressure load is usually not known a priori. The problemis further complicated by the fact that the load to which the in situ assembly is subjected is not a repetitive load of given magnitudeb
41、ut one that varies in frequency, duration, and magnitude such as loads associated with a wind event.5.5.2 To establish practical test parameters, the considerations in 5.1 5.5.1 must be modeled by a simple loading program thatapproximates the actual loading with respect to its damage potential. For
42、the case of life cycle loads, the anticipated actual loadingmay include critical pressures that will occur with greater frequency during the design life of the structure than is practical to usefor testing. In such cases, the actual load magnitude and number of repetitions must be represented in the
43、 test by an equivalent loadof larger magnitude and fewer repetitions. For the case of specific wind event loads, the entire test loading program may bedeveloped from wind tunnel testing or by using methods defined in the literature.5.5.3 In this test method, the test assembly is first subjected to p
44、ressure cycles. The assembly is expected to survive this loadingwithout apparent structural distress. Following this, the assembly is subjected to positive and negative maximum test loads. Themaximum test loads may represent sustained loads or gust loads, or both.5.6 Design wind velocities may be se
45、lected for particular geographic locations and probabilities of occurrence based on datafrom wind velocity maps such as provided in ASCEASCE/SEI 7.5.7 The person specifying the test must translate the anticipated wind velocities and durations into static air pressure differencesand durations. Comple
46、xities of wind pressures as related to building design, wind intensity versus duration, frequency ofoccurrence, and other factors must be considered. Superimposed on sustained winds are gusting winds which, for short periods oftime, from fractions of seconds to a few seconds, may move at considerabl
47、y higher velocities than the sustained winds.Wind tunnelstudies, computer simulations, and model analyses are helpful in determining the appropriate wind pressures for buildings byshowing how a particular building acts under wind velocities established by others. (1-6)5.5.8 Specification of a test p
48、rogram based on a comprehensive treatment of all of the above considerations is a complex task.The procedures presented in Appendix X1 may be used to establish test parameters when a comprehensive analysis of the problemis not possible. The procedures account for the expected magnitude variation and
49、 occurrence frequency in wind velocities; theyare not intended to account for turbulent wind load or structural resonance effects (2).5.9 Some materials have strength or deflection characteristics that are time dependent. Therefore, the duration of the applied testload may have a significant impact on the performance of materials used in the test specimen. The most common examples ofmaterials with time-dependent response characteristics that are used in curtain walls are glass, plastics, and composites that employplastics. For this reason, the strength of an
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