1、Designation:E130012 Designation: E1300 12aStandard Practice forDetermining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures to determine the load resistance (LR) of specified glass types, including combinat
3、ionsof glass types used in a sealed insulating glass (IG) unit, exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a specifiedprobability of breakage.1.2This1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing in buildings for which the specified design loads consist of windload, s
4、now load and self-weight with a total combined magnitude less than or equal to 15 kPa (315 psf). This practice shall notapply to other applications including, but not limited to, balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glass members, andglass shelves.1.3 This practice applies only to
5、monolithic and laminated, glass constructions of rectangular shape with continuous lateralsupport along one, two, three, or four edges. This practice assumes that (1) the supported glass edges for two, three, and four-sidedsupport conditions are simply supported and free to slip in plane; (2) glass
6、supported on two sides acts as a simply supported beam;and (3) glass supported on one side acts as a cantilever. For insulating glass units, this practice only applies to insulating glass unitswith four-sided edge support.1.4 This practice does not apply to any form of wired, patterned, etched, sand
7、blasted, drilled, notched, or grooved glass withsurface and edge treatments that alter the glass strength.1.5 This practice addresses only the determination of the resistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thickness and typeof glass selected also depends upon a variety of other factors
8、 (see 5.3).1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determine approximate maximum lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1 providesadditional procedures to determine maximum lateral deflection for glass simply supported on four sides. Appendix X2 presents aprocedure to compute approximate probabi
9、lity of breakage for annealed (AN) monolithic glass lites simply supported on four sides.provides additional procedures to determine maximum lateral deflection for glass simply supported on four sides.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthes
10、es are for mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 Appendix X3 Appendix X2 lists the key variables used in calculating the mandatory type factors in Tables 1-3 andcomments on their conservative values.1.9 This standard do
11、es not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
12、ards:2C1036 Specification for Flat GlassC1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat GlassC1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat GlassD4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of ProceduresE631 Terminology of Building Cons
13、tructions3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E631 for additional terms used in this practice.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performanceof Windows, Doors, Skylig
14、hts and Curtain Walls.Current edition approvedApril 15,May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 as E130009a.E1300 12.DOI: 10.1520/E1300-12A.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Ser
15、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previ
16、ous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Int
17、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), nfor glass simply supported on four sides, the ratio of the long dimension of the glass to the shortdimension of the glass is al
18、ways equal to or greater than 1.0. For glass simply supported on three sides, the ratio of the length ofone of the supported edges perpendicular to the free edge, to the length of the free edge, is equal to or greater than 0.5.3.2.2 etched glass, nglass surface that has been attacked with hydrofluor
19、ic acid or other agent, generally for marking ordecoration.3.2.3 glass breakage, nthe fracture of any lite or ply in monolithic, laminated, or insulating glass.3.2.4 Glass Thickness:3.2.4.1 thickness designation for monolithic glass, na term that defines a designated thickness for monolithic glass a
20、sspecified in Table 4 and Specification C1036.3.2.4.2 thickness designation for laminated glass (LG), na term used to specify a LG construction based on the combinedthicknesses of component plies.(1) Add the minimum thicknesses of the individual glass plies and the nominal interlayer thickness. If t
21、he sum of all interlayerthicknesses is greater than 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) in the calculation.TABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single Lite ofMonolithic or Laminated Glass (LG)GTFGlass Type Short Duration Load (3 s) Long Duration Load (30 days)AN 1.0 0.43HS 2.0 1.3FT 4.0 3.
22、0TABLE 2 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Double Glazed InsulatingGlass (IG), Short Duration LoadLite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9
23、3.6 3.6TABLE 3 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Double Glazed InsulatingGlass (IG), Long Duration Load (30 day)Lite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.39 0.39 0.43 1.25 0.43 2.85HS 1.25 0.43 1.25 1.25 1.
24、25 2.85FT 2.85 0.43 2.85 1.25 2.85 2.85TABLE 4 Nominal and Minimum Glass ThicknessesNominalThickness orDesignation,mm (in.)MinimumThickness,mm (in.)2.5 (332) 2.16 (0.085)2.7 (lami) 2.59 (0.102)3.0 (18) 2.92 ( 0.115)4.0 (532) 3.78 ( 0.149)5.0 (316) 4.57 (0.180)6.0 (14) 5.56 (0.219)8.0 (516) 7.42 (0.2
25、92)10.0 (38) 9.02 (0.355)12.0 (12) 11.91 (0.469)16.0 (58) 15.09 (0.595)19.0 (34) 18.26 (0.719)22.0 (78) 21.44 (0.844)25.0 (1) 24.61 (0.969)E1300 12a2(2) Select the nominal thickness or designation in Table 4 having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or less thanthe value obtained in 3.2.
26、4.2 (1).(3) ExceptionsThe construction of two 6-mm (14-in.) glass plies plus 0.38-mm (0.015-in) or 0.76-mm (0.030-in.) interlayershall be defined as 12 mm (12 in.). The construction of two 2.5-mm (332-in.) glass plies plus 1.52-mm (0.060-in.) interlayer shallbe defined as 5 mm (316 in.). The constru
27、ction of two 4-mm (532-in.) glass plies plus any thickness interlayer shall be defined as8mm(516 in.).3.2.5 Glass Types:3.2.5.1 annealed (AN) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass lite of uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses are nearlyzero as defined in Specification C1036.3.2.5.2 fully
28、 tempered (FT) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a special heattreatment process where the residual surface compression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edge compression not lessthan 67 MPa (9700 psi) as defined in Specification C1048.3
29、.2.5.3 heat strengthened (HS) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a specialheat treatment process where the residual surface compression is not less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than 52 MPa (7500psi) as defined in Specification C1048.3.2.5.4 in
30、sulating glass (IG) unit, nany combination of two or three glass lites that enclose one or two sealed spacesrespectively, filled with air or other gas.3.2.5.5 laminated glass (LG), na flat lite of uniform thickness consisting of two or more monolithic glass plies bondedtogether with an interlayer ma
31、terial as defined in Specification C1172.(1) DiscussionMany different interlayer materials are used in LG. The information in this practice applies only to polyvinylbutyral (PVB) interlayer or those interlayers that demonstrate equivalency according to Appendix X9Appendix X8.3.2.6 glass type factor
32、(GTF), na multiplying factor for adjusting the LR of different glass types, that is, AN, HS, or FT inmonolithic glass, LG, or IG constructions.3.2.7 lateral, adjperpendicular to the glass surface.3.2.8 load, na uniformly distributed lateral pressure.3.2.8.1 specified design load, nthe magnitude in k
33、Pa (psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of the load givenby the specifying authority.3.2.8.2 load resistance (LR), nthe uniform lateral load that a glass construction can sustain based upon a given probabilityof breakage and load duration.(1) DiscussionMultiplying the non-factored lo
34、ad (NFL) from figures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share (LS)factors gives the LR associated with a breakage probability less than or equal to 8 lites per 1000.3.2.8.3 long duration load, nany load lasting approximately 30 days.(1) DiscussionFor loads having durations other than3sor30day
35、s, refer to Table X5.1Table X4.1.3.2.8.4 non-factored load (NFL), nthree second duration uniform load associated with a probability of breakage less than orequal to 8 lites per 1000 for monolithic AN glass as determined from the figures in Annex A1.3.2.8.5 glass weight load, nthe dead load component
36、 of the glass weight.3.2.8.6 short duration load, nany load lasting3sorless.3.2.9 load share (LS) factor, na multiplying factor derived from the load sharing between the double glazing, of equal ordifferent thicknesses and types (including the layered behavior of LG under long duration loads), in a
37、sealed IG unit.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe LS factor is used along with the GTF and the NFL value from the NFL charts to give the LR of theIG unit, based on the resistance to breakage of one specific lite only.3.2.10 patterned glass, nrolled flat glass having a pattern on one or both surfaces.3.2.11 proba
38、bility of breakage (Pb), nthe fraction of glass lites or plies that would break at the first occurrence of a specifiedload and duration, typically expressed in lites per 1000.3.2.12 sandblasted glass, nflat glass with a surface that has been sprayed by sand or other media at high velocities to produ
39、cea translucent effect.3.2.13 specifying authority, nthe design professional responsible for interpreting applicable regulations of authorities havingjurisdiction and considering appropriate site specific factors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate the specifieddesign load, and fur
40、nishing other information required to perform this practice.3.2.14 wired glass, nflat glass with a layer of wire strands or mesh completely embedded in the glass.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the design load, the rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass requ
41、ired, and astatement, or details, showing that the glass edge support system meets the stiffness requirement in 5.2.4.4.2 The procedure specified in this practice shall be used to determine the uniform lateral LR of glass in buildings. If the LRis less than the specified load, then other glass types
42、 and thicknesses may be evaluated to find a suitable assembly having LR equalto or exceeding the specified design load.4.3 The charts presented in this practice shall be used to determine the approximate maximum lateral glass deflection.AppendixE1300 12a3X1 presents additional procedures to determin
43、e the approximate maximum lateral deflection for a specified load on glass simplysupported on four sides.4.4An optional procedure for determining the probability of breakage at a given load is presented in Appendix X2.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is used to determine the LR of specified
44、glass types and constructions exposed to uniform lateral loads.5.2 Use of this practice assumes:5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properly glazed,5.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass that has been in service for seve
45、ral years, and is weaker than freshlymanufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposed surfaces,5.2.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff to limit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to no morethan1175 of their lengths. The specified design load shall be used for
46、this calculation.5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not result in loss of edge support.NOTE 1This practice does not address aesthetic issues caused by glass deflection.5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type and thickness selection. These factors include but are not limited t
47、o:thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass, the effects of windborne debris, excessive deflections, behavior of glassfragments after breakage, seismic effects, heat flow, edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakage consequences, and so forth.In addition, considerations set fo
48、rth in building codes along with criteria presented in safety glazing standards and site specificconcerns may control the ultimate glass type and thickness selection.5.4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard, the design professional shall use engineering analysis and judgmentto
49、determine the LR of glass in buildings.6. Procedure6.1 Select a glass type, thickness, and construction for load-resistance evaluation.6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Continuously Along Four Sides:6.2.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnexA1 (the upper charts of FigsA1.1A1.123) for the glass thicknessand size.6.2.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type and load duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.2.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.2.4 Determine the approximate max
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