1、Designation: E1300 12a1Standard Practice forDetermining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEFigures A1.13 and A1.14 and Appendix 8 were corrected editorially in October 2012.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures to determine t
3、he loadresistance (LR) of specified glass types, including combina-tions of glass types used in a sealed insulating glass (IG) unit,exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, fora specified probability of breakage.1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing inbuildings
4、 for which the specified design loads consist of windload, snow load and self-weight with a total combined magni-tude less than or equal to 15 kPa (315 psf). This practice shallnot apply to other applications including, but not limited to,balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glassm
5、embers, and glass shelves.1.3 This practice applies only to monolithic and laminatedglass constructions of rectangular shape with continuous lateralsupport along one, two, three, or four edges. This practiceassumes that (1) the supported glass edges for two, three, andfour-sided support conditions a
6、re simply supported and free toslip in plane; (2) glass supported on two sides acts as a simplysupported beam; and (3) glass supported on one side acts as acantilever. For insulating glass units, this practice only appliesto insulating glass units with four-sided edge support.1.4 This practice does
7、not apply to any form of wired,patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched, or groovedglass with surface and edge treatments that alter the glassstrength.1.5 This practice addresses only the determination of theresistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thicknessand type of glass s
8、elected also depends upon a variety of otherfactors (see 5.3).1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determineapproximate maximum lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1provides additional procedures to determine maximum lateraldeflection for glass simply supported on four sides.1.7 The values
9、 stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.8 Appendix X2 lists the key variables used in calculatingthe mandatory type factors in
10、Tables 1-3 and comments ontheir conservative values.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
11、 regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1036 Specification for Flat GlassC1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tem-pered Flat GlassC1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat GlassD4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-t
12、ies: Determination and Report of ProceduresE631 Terminology of Building Constructions3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E631 for additional terms usedin this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), nfor glass simply supported onfour
13、sides, the ratio of the long dimension of the glass to theshort dimension of the glass is always equal to or greater than1.0. For glass simply supported on three sides, the ratio of thelength of one of the supported edges perpendicular to the freeedge, to the length of the free edge, is equal to or
14、greater than0.5.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 onPerformance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originallyapprov
15、ed in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1300 12. DOI:10.1520/E1300-12A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
16、 page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 etched glass, nglass surface that has been attackedwith hydrofluoric acid or other agent, generally for marking ordecoration.3.2.3 glass breakage, nthe fra
17、cture of any lite or ply inmonolithic, laminated, or insulating glass.3.2.4 Glass Thickness:3.2.4.1 thickness designation for monolithic glass, naterm that defines a designated thickness for monolithic glass asspecified in Table 4 and Specification C1036.3.2.4.2 thickness designation for laminated g
18、lass (LG), naterm used to specify a LG construction based on the combinedthicknesses of component plies.(1) Add the minimum thicknesses of the individual glassplies and the nominal interlayer thickness. If the sum of allinterlayer thicknesses is greater than 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use1.52 mm (0.060 in.
19、) in the calculation.(2) Select the nominal thickness or designation in Table 4having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or lessthan the value obtained in 3.2.4.2 (1).(3) ExceptionsThe construction of two 6-mm (14-in.)glass plies plus 0.38-mm (0.015-in) or 0.76-mm (0.030-in.)interlayer s
20、hall be defined as 12 mm (12 in.). The constructionof two 2.5-mm (332-in.) glass plies plus 1.52-mm (0.060-in.)interlayer shall be defined as 5 mm (316 in.). The constructionof two 4-mm (532-in.) glass plies plus any thickness interlayershall be defined as 8 mm (516 in.).3.2.5 Glass Types:3.2.5.1 an
21、nealed (AN) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass liteof uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses arenearly zero as defined in Specification C1036.3.2.5.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, na flat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial heat treatment proces
22、s where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edgecompression not less than 67 MPa (9700 psi) as defined inSpecification C1048.3.2.5.3 heat strengthened (HS) glass, na flat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial heat trea
23、tment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than52 MPa (7500 psi) as defined in Specification C1048.3.2.5.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, nany combination oftwo or three glass lites that enclose one or two sealed spacesrespectively, filled with air
24、 or other gas.3.2.5.5 laminated glass (LG), na flat lite of uniformthickness consisting of two or more monolithic glass pliesbonded together with an interlayer material as defined inSpecification C1172.(1) DiscussionMany different interlayer materials areused in LG. The information in this practice
25、applies only topolyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer or those interlayers thatdemonstrate equivalency according to Appendix X8.3.2.6 glass type factor (GTF), na multiplying factor foradjusting the LR of different glass types, that is,AN, HS, or FTin monolithic glass, LG, or IG constructions.3.2.7 later
26、al, adjperpendicular to the glass surface.3.2.8 load, na uniformly distributed lateral pressure.3.2.8.1 specified design load, nthe magnitude in kPa (psf),type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of the loadgiven by the specifying authority.3.2.8.2 load resistance (LR), nthe uniform lateral loa
27、d thata glass construction can sustain based upon a given probabilityof breakage and load duration.(1) DiscussionMultiplying the non-factored load (NFL)from figures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share(LS) factors gives the LR associated with a breakage probabil-ity less than or equal to 8
28、 lites per 1000.3.2.8.3 long duration load, nany load lasting approxi-mately 30 days.TABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single Lite of Monolithicor Laminated Glass (LG)GTFGlass Type Short Duration Load (3 s)Long Duration Load (30days)AN 1.0 0.43HS 2.0 1.3FT 4.0 3.0TABLE 2 Glass Type Factors (GTF
29、) for Double Glazed InsulatingGlass (IG), Short Duration LoadLite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated GlassTypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9 3.6 3.6TABLE 3 Glass Type Factors
30、 (GTF) for Double Glazed InsulatingGlass (IG), Long Duration Load (30 day)Lite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated GlassTypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.39 0.39 0.43 1.25 0.43 2.85HS 1.25 0.43 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.85FT 2.85 0.43 2.85 1.25 2.85
31、 2.85TABLE 4 Nominal and Minimum Glass ThicknessesNominalThickness orDesignation,mm (in.)MinimumThickness,mm (in.)2.5 (332) 2.16 (0.085)2.7 (lami) 2.59 (0.102)3.0 (18) 2.92 ( 0.115)4.0 (532) 3.78 ( 0.149)5.0 (316) 4.57 (0.180)6.0 (14) 5.56 (0.219)8.0 (516) 7.42 (0.292)10.0 (38 ) 9.02 (0.355)12.0 (12
32、 ) 11.91 (0.469)16.0 (58 ) 15.09 (0.595)19.0 (34 ) 18.26 (0.719)22.0 (78 ) 21.44 (0.844)25.0 (1) 24.61 (0.969)E1300 12a12(1) DiscussionFor loads having durations other than 3 sor 30 days, refer to Table X4.1.3.2.8.4 non-factored load (NFL), nthree second durationuniform load associated with a probab
33、ility of breakage lessthan or equal to 8 lites per 1000 for monolithic AN glass asdetermined from the figures in Annex A1.3.2.8.5 glass weight load, nthe dead load component ofthe glass weight.3.2.8.6 short duration load, nany load lasting3sorless.3.2.9 load share (LS) factor, na multiplying factor
34、derivedfrom the load sharing between the double glazing, of equal ordifferent thicknesses and types (including the layered behaviorof LG under long duration loads), in a sealed IG unit.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe LS factor is used along with theGTF and the NFL value from the NFL charts to give the LR ofth
35、e IG unit, based on the resistance to breakage of one specificlite only.3.2.10 patterned glass, nrolled flat glass having a patternon one or both surfaces.3.2.11 probability of breakage (Pb), nthe fraction of glasslites or plies that would break at the first occurrence of aspecified load and duratio
36、n, typically expressed in lites per1000.3.2.12 sandblasted glass, nflat glass with a surface thathas been sprayed by sand or other media at high velocities toproduce a translucent effect.3.2.13 specifying authority, nthe design professional re-sponsible for interpreting applicable regulations of aut
37、horitieshaving jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specificfactors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate thespecified design load, and furnishing other information re-quired to perform this practice.3.2.14 wired glass, nflat glass with a layer of wire strandsor mesh complet
38、ely embedded in the glass.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the design load,the rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass required,and a statement, or details, showing that the glass edge supportsystem meets the stiffness requirement in 5.2.4.4.2 The procedure sp
39、ecified in this practice shall be used todetermine the uniform lateral LR of glass in buildings. If theLR is less than the specified load, then other glass types andthicknesses may be evaluated to find a suitable assemblyhaving LR equal to or exceeding the specified design load.4.3 The charts presen
40、ted in this practice shall be used todetermine the approximate maximum lateral glass deflection.Appendix X1 presents additional procedures to determine theapproximate maximum lateral deflection for a specified load onglass simply supported on four sides.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is us
41、ed to determine the LR of specifiedglass types and constructions exposed to uniform lateral loads.5.2 Use of this practice assumes:5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properlyglazed,5.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glass
42、that has been in service for several years, and is weaker thanfreshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposedsurfaces,5.2.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff tolimit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to nomore than1175 of their lengths. The specified
43、 design load shallbe used for this calculation.5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not result in loss ofedge support.NOTE 1This practice does not address aesthetic issues caused by glassdeflection.5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type andthickness selection. These factors in
44、clude but are not limitedto: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass,the effects of windborne debris, excessive deflections, behaviorof glass fragments after breakage, seismic effects, heat flow,edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakageconsequences, and so forth. In additi
45、on, considerations setforth in building codes along with criteria presented in safetyglazing standards and site specific concerns may control theultimate glass type and thickness selection.5.4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard,the design professional shall use engineering an
46、alysis andjudgment to determine the LR of glass in buildings.6. Procedure6.1 Select a glass type, thickness, and construction forload-resistance evaluation.6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Four Sides:6.2.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1
47、(the upper charts of Figs A1.1A1.13) for the glassthickness and size.6.2.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.2.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.2.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof glass) deflection fr
48、om the appropriate chart in AnnexA1 (thelower charts of Figs. A1.1A1.13) for the designated glassthickness, size, and design load. If the maximum lateraldeflection falls outside the charts in Annex A1, then use theprocedures outlined in Appendix X1.6.3 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported
49、Con-tinuously Along Three Sides:6.3.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the upper charts of Figs. A1.14A1.25) for thedesignated glass thickness and size.6.3.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.3.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.3.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof unsupported edge) deflection from the appropriate chart inE1300 12a13Annex A1 (the lower charts in Figs A1.14A1.25) for thedesignated glass th
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