ASTM E1317-2008a Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes.pdf

1、Designation: E 1317 08aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forFlammability of Marine Surface Finishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure formeasuring fire properties associated with flammable behav

3、iorof surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboardship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishesintended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacingmaterials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhe-sives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceil

4、ings,paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.NOTE 1This test method has been prepared to closely follow the testprocedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1).2Optional provisions notapplicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.1.2 Tests performed according to this t

5、est method areintended to yield fire properties that, when appropriatelyinterpreted, are potentially useful to select materials andsurface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread offire.1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimenradiant thermal exposure for measuring fi

6、re properties.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by

7、itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st

8、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 162

9、Test Method for Surface Flammability of MaterialsUsing a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 286 Method of Test for Surface Flammability of BuildingMaterials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace4E 648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a

10、 Radiant Heat Energy SourceE 970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of ExposedAttic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE 1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition andFlame Spread Properties2.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):CFR Title 46, Part 164.009, Noncombustible Ma

11、terials52.3 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTMDetailed drawings (19), construction information, and partslist (Adjunct to E1317)63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used inthis test method, refer to Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compensating the

12、rmocouple, na thermocouple forthe purpose of generating an electrical signal representinglong-term changes in the stack metal temperatures wherein afraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signaldeveloped by the stack-gas thermocouples.3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n a flux l

13、evel at thespecimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthestadvance and subsequent self-extinguishment of the flame onthe centerline of a specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Su

14、rfaceBurning.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 1317 08.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs

15、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Discontinued; see 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 04.07.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U

16、.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Detailed drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters. RequestADJE1317.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe flux reported is based on calibra-tion

17、 tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.3.2.3 dummy specimena noncombustible (as defined by46 CFR 164.009) insulating board used for standardizing theoperating condition of the equipment, 20 6 5 mm in thicknesswith a density of 750 6 100 kg/m3.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe dummy specimen is mounted

18、 inthe apparatus in the position of the test specimen and removedonly when a test specimen is to be inserted. The termnoncombustible is used in a manner consistent with 46 CFR164.009.3.2.4 fume stacka box-like duct with thermocouples andbaffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burningspecim

19、en pass whose purpose is to permit measurement of theheat release from the burning specimen.3.2.5 heat for ignitionthe product of time from initialspecimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mmposition and the flux level at this position, the latter obtained inprior calibration of the ap

20、paratus.3.2.6 heat for sustained burningthe product of time frominitial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front,and the incident flux level at that same location as measuredwith a dummy specimen during calibration.3.2.7 marine boardan insulation board of 750 6 100kg/m3density that mee

21、ts the noncombustibility criteria of 46CFR 164.009.3.2.8 measured heat release of specimenthe observed heatrelease under the variable flux field imposed on the specimenand measured as defined by this test method.3.2.9 mirror assemblya mirror, marked and aligned withthe viewing rakes, used as an aid

22、in quickly identifying andtracking the flame front progress.3.2.10 reverberatory wiresa wire mesh located in front of,but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat sourcewhich serves to enhance the combustion efficiency and in-crease the radiance of the panel.3.2.11 special calibration dummy

23、 specimena dummyspecimen as defined by Fig. 1, made of the same material as thedummy specimen, intended only for use in calibration of fluxgradient along the specimen.3.2.12 viewing rakesa set of bars with wires spaced at50-mm intervals for the purpose of increasing the precision oftiming the flame

24、front progress along the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flamma-bility characteristics of 155 by 800-mm specimens in a verticalorientation. The specimens are exposed to a graded radiant-fluxfield supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are pro

25、videdfor observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishmentof flame along the length of the specimen as well as formeasuring the compensated millivolt signal of the stack gasthermocouples as the burning progresses. Results are reportedin terms of heat for ignition, heat for sustained burnin

26、g, criticalflux at extinguishment, and heat release of the specimen duringburning.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of theflammable performance of surface finish materials used inconstructing and outfitting ships.5.2 A specimen of the surface finish of conce

27、rn is mountedon the support material contemplated for use and subjected toa controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a verticalplane.5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:5.4.1 Bulkhead specimens having surface veneers, fabrics,or painted fi

28、nishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lowerexposed surface.5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated andair backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper)surface of the material.5.4.4 Deck finish and flooring mat

29、erials are tested on theupper exposed surface.5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation mate-rials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate tothe flammability of the specimens tested. These include ignit-ability, heat exposure f

30、or continued burning, critical flux atextinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-exposure conditions applied.5.6 This test method does not provide:5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finishmaterials supported by backing materials other than thosetested.5.6.2 Full i

31、nformation on surface-finish materials whenused in other thicknesses than those tested.5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as ameasure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimenstested.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Equipment Figs. 2-6 show photographs of theequipment as assemb

32、led ready for test. Detailed drawings anda parts list are available fromASTM.6These provide engineer-ing information necessary for the fabrication of the mainNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres.FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient CalibrationE 1317 08a2frame, specimen holders, stack, and other

33、parts of the equip-ment. Some commercially available units have added safetyfeatures that are not described in the drawings. Brief parts listfor the test equipment assembly includes:6.1.1 Main Frame (see Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) consisting oftwo separate sections; the burner frame and the specimensup

34、port frame. These two units are bolted together withthreaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.6.1.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of thespecimen during test. At least two of these are required. Usingthree of these will prevent delays resulting from requiredcooling of h

35、olders prior to mounting specimens.6.1.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheetsteel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete withgas and stack-metal compensating thermocouples (also see Fig.5).FIG. 2 (a) General View of the ApparatusFIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front V

36、iew (continued)1Specimen support frame2Specimen holder3Flame-front viewing mirror4Viewing rake5Radiation pyrometer6Radiant panel assembly7Viewing rake for horizontal specimen not used in this testmethodFIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion FrameFIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy SpecimenE 1317 08a36.1.

37、4 Radiant Panel (2) (see Fig. 4) shall have heatedsurface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panelconsists of an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.6.1.5 Air and Fuel SupplyAn air and fuel supply tosupport combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flowmetering device, gas-control

38、valves, pressure reducer andsafety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Require-ments are summarized as follows:6.1.5.1 A regulated air supply of about 30 m3/h 108 000m3/s at a pressure sufficient to overcome the friction lossthrough the line, metering device, and radiant panel. Theradiant

39、panel pressure drop amounts to only a few millimetresof water.6.1.5.2 In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the airline, set this flow rate by holding a lighted match with its axishorizontal and close to the panel tile face. The match flameshall not deviate more than 10 from the vertical.6.1.5

40、.3 The fuel gas used shall be either natural gas ormethane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain aconstant supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either bya manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer. Theventuri mixer will allow control of the flux level of the panelFIG. 5

41、 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment ShowingSpecimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack ThermocoupleAssembly1Pilot flame2Viewing rakeNOTETwo burners are provided; only one for the non-contracting pilotis operating.FIG. 6 Pilot Flame and Dummy AssemblyFIG. 7 StackSpecimen Position DimensionsE

42、1317 08a4by adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include anelectrically operated shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in theevent of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss ofheat at the burner surface. The fuel gas flow requirements shallbe 1.0 to 3.7 m3/h at a pressure suf

43、ficient to overcome pressurelosses.6.1.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack,flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror areall assembled on the specimen support frame. The arrangementof parts on this frame is evident in Fig. 2(a), Fig. 2(b), and Fig.3.6.1.7 A dummy sp

44、ecimen of marine board of the thicknessand density specified in the test procedure shall be mounted onthe apparatus in the position of the specimen except duringactual testing.6.2 Instrumentation:6.2.1 Total Radiation PyrometerThis instrument shall becompensated for its temperature variation and sha

45、ll have asensitivity between the thermal wavelengths of 1 and 9 m thatis nominally constant and shall view a centrally located area onthe radiant panel of about 150 by 300 mm. The instrument shallbe rigidly mounted on the specimen support frame in such amanner that it will be directed at the radiant

46、 panel surfaceoriented for specimens in the vertical positions.6.2.2 Heat FluxmetersIt is desirable to have at least twofluxmeters for this test method. They shall be of the thermopiletype with a sensitivity of approximately 10 mV at 50 kW/m2and capable of operation at three times this rating. One o

47、f theseshall be retained as a laboratory reference standard. They shallhave been calibrated to an accuracy of 65 % or better. Thetime constant of these instruments shall not be more than 290ms (corresponding to a time to reach 95 % of final output of notmore than 1 s). The target sensing the applied

48、 flux shall occupyan area not more than 4 by 4 mm and be located flush with andat the center of the water cooled 25 mm circular exposedmetallic end of the fluxmeter. If fluxmeters of smaller diameterare to be used, these shall be inserted into a copper sleeve of 25mm outside diameter in such a way t

49、hat good thermal contactis maintained between the sleeve and water cooled fluxmeterbody. The end of the sleeve and exposed surface of thefluxmeter shall lie in the same plane. Radiation shall not passthrough any window before reaching the fluxmeter sensingsurface.6.2.3 Timing Devices, such as either a paper tape chrono-graph, as well as digital clock with second resolution, digitalstopwatch with a memory for ten times, an audio tape recorder,a data acquisition/computer system, or an audio visual (VCR)instrument shall be provided to measure the