1、Designation: E1324 11E1324 16Standard Guide forMeasuring Some Electronic Characteristics of UltrasonicTesting Instruments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1324; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide describes procedures for electronically measuring the following performance-related characterist
3、ics of somesections of ultrasonic instruments:1.1.1 Power Supply Section:line regulation,battery discharge time, andbattery charge time.1.1.2 Pulser Section:pulse shape,pulse amplitude,pulse rise time, pulse length, andpulse frequency spectrum.1.1.3 Receiver Section:vertical linearity,frequency resp
4、onse,noise and sensitivity, anddB controls.1.1.4 Time Base Section:horizontal linearity, andclock (pulse repetition rate).1.1.5 Gate/Alarm Section:delay and width,resolution,alarm level,gain uniformity,analog output, andback echo gate.1.2 This guide complements Practice E317, D2548 and is not intend
5、ed for evaluating the performance characteristics ofultrasonic testing instruments on the inspection/production line.NOTE 1No access to internal circuitry is required.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conver
6、sions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practice
7、s and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011June 1, 2016. Published Aug
8、ust 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asE1324 - 00E1324 - 11.(2005). DOI: 10.1520/E1324-11.10.1520/E1324-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
9、made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*
10、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2548 Method of Test for Analysis of Oil Soluble Petroleum Sulfonates by Liquid
11、 Chromatography; Replaced by D 3712(Withdrawn 1979)3E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-EchoTesting Instruments and Systems without theUse of Electronic Measurement InstrumentsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ISO Standard:Standards:4ISO 10
12、012 Measurement Management SystemsRequirements for Measurement Processes and Measuring EquipmentISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories2.3 ANSI Standard:Z540-1 General Requirements for Calibration Laboratories and Measurement and Test Equipment52.3 O
13、ther Standard:IEEE Std. 100, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms53. Summary of Guide3.1 The electronic performance of each section is measured by identifying that portion of the electrical circuit of the instrumentwhich comprises the section, applying the recommended stimulu
14、s or load, or both, and performing the required measurementsusing commercially available electronic test equipment. These data are then summarized in tabular or graphical form asperformance-related values which can be compared with corresponding values of other ultrasonic testing instruments or of v
15、aluesfor the same instrument obtained earlier (see Section 12 for a suggested reporting format).3.2 The following describes the sections of the ultrasonic instrument and their interrelations during measurement:3.2.1 Power Supply SectionThe power supply section is that portion of the total instrument
16、 circuitry which supplies theregulated DC voltages required to power all other sections of the ultrasonic instrument, including the high voltage (that is, pulserand display voltage) circuitry.3.2.2 Pulser SectionThe pulser section is that portion of the total instrument circuitry which generates the
17、 electrical pulse usedto energize the ultrasonic search unit. The pulser section may also include the pulse-shape modification controls such as pulselength, damping, or tuning controls.3.2.3 Receiver SectionThe receiver section is that portion of the total instrument circuitry which amplifies, or mo
18、difies, orboth, the radio frequency (RF) pulses received from the ultrasonic search unit. This includes the RF amplifiers, detectors, videoamplifiers, suppression and filtering, and the display vertical deflection circuits. Some instruments may not contain all of thesecircuits.3.2.3.1 Time Variable
19、Gain (TVG), (alternatively referred to as Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC), Time Controlled Gain(TCG), etc.) and reject or threshold, while part of the receiver section, should be turned off while making measurements unlessotherwise specified by the user.3.2.4 Gate/Alarm SectionThis section monit
20、ors the signals in the receiver section to detect the presence or absence ofsignificant indications. The gate may include attenuation or gain controls. This section is considered separate from the receiversection for the purposes of this guide. The alarm signal may be audible, a voltage proportional
21、 to the indication amplitude, or amark on voltage or current sensitive paper or some combination of these.3.2.5 Time Base SectionThe time base section provides the linear horizontal sweep, or baseline. It includes the horizontaldeflection circuits and the clock and delay circuits that control repeti
22、tion rate and positioning of signals on the baseline.4. Significance and Use4.1 The recommended measurement procedures described in this guide are intended to provide performance-relatedmeasurements that can be reproduced under the specified test conditions using commercially available test instrume
23、ntation. Thesemeasurements indicate capabilities of sections of the ultrasonic testing instrument independent of specific transducers orexamination conditions. Measurements are made from normally available connectors or test points so that no access to internalcircuitry is required. Further, this gu
24、ide is not intended for service, calibration, or maintenance of circuitry for which themanufacturers instructions are available. It is intended primarily for pulse echo flaw detection instruments operating in thenominal frequency range of 100 kHz to 25 MHz, but the procedures are applicable to measu
25、rements on instruments utilizingsignificantly higher frequency components.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
26、ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.5 Available from American National Standards In
27、stitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331E1324 1624.2 These procedures can be applied to the evaluation of any pulse-echo ul
28、trasonic testing instrument which can be describedas a combination of the electronic sections discussed in this guide.NOTE 2These procedures are not intended to preclude the use or application of equipment for which some or all of the measurement techniques ofthis document are not applicable.4.3 An
29、ultrasonic testing instrument that cannot be completely described as a combination of the electronic sections discussedin this practice can be partially evaluated. Each portion of the ultrasonic testing instrument that is evaluated must fit the descriptionfor the corresponding section.4.4 This guide
30、 is meant to be used by electronic personnel to evaluate the electronic system components and not the ultrasonicsystem characteristics.5. Apparatus5.1 Ultrasonic InstrumentAny electronic instrument comprised of a power supply, pulser, clock, receiver, and a sweep anddisplay section to generate, rece
31、ive, and display electrical signals related to ultrasonic waves for examination purposes.NOTE 3Some ultrasonic instruments do not include a cathode ray tube display. Some sections of this guide may not apply to these instruments, ormay be applicable only with modifications. Such modifications should
32、 be made only by personnel competent in electronics.5.2 VoltmeterAny instrument(s) capable of measuring the AC line and DC battery voltages required for 7.1 or 7.2.5.3 Variable TransformerAn autotransformer or other device capable of supplying variable AC power to the ultrasonicinstrument over the f
33、ull range of voltages and waveforms specified by the manufacturer.5.4 Pulser LoadUnless otherwise requested by the using parties, the pulser load should be a 50-ohm 50 noninductiveresistor, preferably mounted in a shielded coaxial assembly. The resistor must be able to withstand the maximum peak pul
34、servoltage. The impedance of the resistor should be checked at the anticipated operating frequency to ensure that it is noninductive.Other impedances may be used if specified.5.5 SpectrumAnalyzerAny spectrum analyzer (and probe assembly if required) that is capable of analyzing the electrical pulsef
35、rom the pulser module and displaying the frequency components of the pulse as described in 8.3. A recording of the display(photograph or chart recorder) is desirable.5.6 ProbeA wide band high input impedance (10 k) attenuating (100 or 50) probe to reduce the pulse amplitude, asdelivered to the oscil
36、loscope and the spectrum analyzer, to a level that (a) will not harm the equipment and (b) will allow forfrequency and time analysis without significantly altering the pulse shape. The probe output impedance should match the inputimpedance of the measurement instrument. (If the impedance is high, a
37、terminating resistance may be required at the input to matchthe output impedance of the probe.) The frequency bandwidth should be at least as wide as that of the measuring instruments. Theprobe must be able to withstand the pulser output voltage.NOTE 4More than one probe may be needed to match the v
38、arious test instruments used.5.7 Function GeneratorThe function generator should be capable of producing a single-cycle sine wave or a five-cycle sinewave burst (as required in 9.1.3, 9.2.3, 9.3.1, 10.1.1, and 11.1), the frequency of which is variable over the range of the frequencycapabilities of t
39、he ultrasonic instrument. The frequency read-out should be accurate to 1.0 %. It must be capable of being triggeredfrom a signal derived from the instrument clock to provide wave trains coherent with the display. An adjustable delay of at least10 s is required.5.7.1 A free-running (that is, non-trig
40、gered) single-cycle sine wave may not be used for receiver evaluation.5.8 Calibrated OscilloscopeThe oscilloscope should be capable of displaying all portions of the pulser output with sufficienttimebase expansion, triggering capability, and frequency response to enable measurement of the pulse rise
41、 time, amplitude, andduration, as well as fulfilling the requirements of other measurements.5.9 Calibrated AttenuatorThe attenuator should provide a measuring range of 60 dB in 1 dB steps with an accuracy within60.5 dB and have a frequency bandwidth at least as wide as the highest frequency of inter
42、est. Most attenuators have a nominalinput and output impedance of 50 , but other impedances may be specified. Proper termination rules must be observed. Animpedance matching probe should be used to protect the attenuator if it is to be used to reduce pulse output.5.10 TerminatorsTerminators are used
43、 to match the impedances of instruments and cables used (see 5.4.). They should benon-inductive, feed-through style.5.11 CablesCables should be coaxial, with maximum length of 6 ft (2 m) and a 50-ohm 50 characteristic impedance. Otherlengths, or impedances, or both, may be used if authorized, but le
44、ngths should be kept as short as possible to minimize the effectsof cable capacitance on measurements.5.12 Search UnitAn ultrasonic search unit of the desired type, size, and frequency required for the procedures and test blockselected for 5.14, 7.1.1, 7.2.1, 10.2, or 10.3.E1324 1635.13 Immersion Ta
45、nk (Optional)An ultrasonic immersion system that will enable continuous variation of the distance betweenthe ultrasonic search unit and a reflector over a water path range that will provide a time range comparable to the end use of theultrasonic instrument. A distance (position) scale of precision n
46、eeded for the procedure in 10.2 must be incorporated.5.14 Test BlockA block of any suitable material which can be used to provide ultrasonic echo signals.5.15 Camera or RecorderThis is particularly helpful in measuring pulse characteristics, and is useful in making othermeasurements.6. Precautions a
47、nd Limitations6.1 This guide describes procedures that are applicable to laboratory measurement conditions using, in most instances,commercially available electronic test equipment.6.2 This guide is not intended, nor is it applicable, as a specification defining the performance of ultrasonic testing
48、 systems. Ifsuch performance criteria are required, they must be agreed upon by the using parties.6.3 Implementation of this guide may require more detailed procedural instructions. Competence in the use of the electronicmeasurement instrumentation specified is a prerequisite for effective use of th
49、ese procedures.6.4 Careful selection of the specific measurements to be made is recommended. If the related parameter is not relevant to theintended application, its measurement may be unnecessary. For example, vertical linearity may be irrelevant for an applicationusing a single-level flaw alarm, while horizontal linearity might be required only for accurate flaw-depth or thickness measurementfrom the instrument screen.6.5 No minimum interval between instrument evaluations is recommended or implied.6.6 The accuracy of each measurement is dep
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