1、Designation: E1352 08aE1352 16 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up UpholsteredFurniture Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method is desi
3、gned for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies to combustionafter exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions.1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relative resistance of combustion of materials used in upholstered furniture suchas cov
4、er materials, cushioning materials, welts, etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometric arrangement of theseating surfaces, backs, and sides of furniture items.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematica
5、lconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required f
6、or fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
7、 and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of
8、a Test Method2.2 NFPA Standard:3NFPA 261 Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies toIgnition by Smoldering Cigarettes3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definition
9、s of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bolsterpillow or similarly shaped unit containing upholstery material covered by upholstery cover material that may ormay not be attached to the upholstered furniture item but is sold and delivered with it.3.2.2 deckthe upholstered support under the seat cu
10、shion in a loose-seat construction.3.2.3 furniture mock-up or assemblya representation of production furniture that uses the same upholstery cover material andupholstery material, constructed in the same manner as in production furniture, but with straight, vertical sides.3.2.4 quiltedfused or stitc
11、hed with thread through the upholstery cover material and one or more layers of upholstery material.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings andContents.Current edition approved April 1
12、, 2008Sept. 1, 2016. Published April 2008October 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asE1352 08.E1352 08a. DOI: 10.1520/E1352-08A.10.1520/E1352-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
13、.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intend
14、ed only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
15、 versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.5 tuftedbuttoned or laced thro
16、ugh the upholstery cover material and upholstery material.3.2.6 upholstered furniturefor the purpose of this test method, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains any surface thatis covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric or related upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholstery mater
17、ial, and (3) isintended or promoted for sitting or reclining upon.3.2.7 upholstery cover materialthe outermost layer of fabric or related material used to enclose the main support system orupholstery materials, or both, used in the furniture item.3.2.8 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or fi
18、lling material used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or located between the upholstery cover material and support system, if present.3.2.8.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to, material such as foams, cotton batting, pol
19、yester fiberfill, bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.9 weltthe piping effect produced when welt cord and cover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes to finish theedges between intersecting surfaces of upholstered furniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.10 welt cordthe continuous small
20、-diameter cylindrical material that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the cover tomake a welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is used to evaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of upholstered furniture by exposing mock-upupholstered furniture ass
21、emblies to lighted cigarettes as an ignition source.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditions ofexposure to smoldering cigarettes. This is accomplished by testing furniture assemblies.5.2 This test
22、 method is recommended for upholstered furniture used in facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes,residential-custodial care and supervisory facilities, or in the public area of facilities such as educational, assembly, or residentialoccupancies.5.3 This test method is not intended to measure the
23、 performance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditionsof open-flame exposure, and does not indicate whether the assemblies will resist the propagation of flame under severe fireexposure or when tested in a manner that differs substantially from the test method.5.4 The results obt
24、ained with a material assembly tested in mock-up in accordance with this test method do not necessarilyindicate the performance of the same material assembly in other geometric configurations, such as in production furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mock-upElements of the mock-up test jigs are
25、illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 3 shows the completed mock-upassemblies.FIG. 1 Frame for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up TestE1352 1626.2 Ignition Source, consisting of The ignition source shall consist of SRM 1196 cigarettes without filter tips, made from naturaltobacco 3.4 6 0.13.3 6 0.1 in. (85
26、6 2(83 6 2 mm) long with a tobacco packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.3 (0.270 6 0.020g/cmgcm3) and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz (1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be 0.236 6 0.024in./min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigarette is allowed to burn downward in a draft-p
27、rotected area. Standard Reference MaterialSRM 1196 is obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.NOTE 1With the cigarette supported at the bottom in a vertical position, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in. (10 to 50mm), measured from the top.(b) P
28、anel for Seat Cushion, Side, and BackFIG. 2 Panels for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test(a) Armrest and Tops of Back and Seat Support System(b) Seat Cushion, Side, and BackFIG. 3 Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up TestE1352 1636.3 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to cover the test cigarettes shall
29、 be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 % cottonbed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2 (125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundered in an automatic home clotheswashing machine and dried in a tumble drier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting material shall be cut into pieces
30、approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5 cm).6.4 Test Area, equipped with a suitable system for exhausting smoke and noxious gases produced during testing. The test shallbe carried out in a draft protected area. The maximum airflow across the sample face shall be less than 50 ft (15.2 m)/min.6.5 Extin
31、guishing Equipment:6.5.1 Pressurized-Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suitable fire-extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.5.2 Water Botte, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguish any ignited portions of the mock-up.6.5.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burning materials rem
32、oved from the mock-up.6.5.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to immersion.6.5.5 Gloves.6.5.6 Breathing Apparatus.6.6 MiscellaneousOther apparatus required to carry out the testing are:6.6.1 Straight Pins.6.6.2 Knife or Scissors.6.6.3 Linear Scale, at least 6 in. (15 cm) long and graduated
33、 in inches or millimeters in 110 or 116-in. divisions.7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observed conditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a point where itcannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that a test be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion has defini
34、telyoccurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with a water spray from the water bottle, remove the charred or burned material, andimmerse the material in a bucket of water. Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerous to test personnel. Test personnel must avoi
35、d exposure to smoke andgases produced during testing as much as possible. The use of a large hood with a low air velocity during testing is advisable, asa means to remove products of combustion.8. Test Specimen8.1 Specimen ConditioningCondition test samples, cigarettes, and sheeting material at a te
36、mperature of 73.4 6 9F(23 6 5C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for at least 24 h immediately prior to testing. If the test room conditions do notmeet the above specifications, then testing shall be initiated within 10 min after the materials are removed from the conditionedroom. The mock-up ass
37、embly shall be constructed in the conditioned area.8.2 GeneralProduce furniture mock-up by arranging upholstery cover material and upholstery materials in the same sequenceas they were used in the production furniture. Construct the various parts of the mock-up as described in 8.2 8.7. In all cases,
38、the arrangement and thickness of upholstery material in the mock-up shall reproduce the construction details of the productionfurniture being evaluated.8.3 Loose Seat CushionsMake seat cushions in the same size and manner and with the same material as production furniture.The cushion thickness shall
39、 be a maximum of 5 in. (13 cm).8.3.1 ExceptionUse cushions sized 25 by 22 in. (68 by 55 cm) if actual cushion dimensions exceed these values.8.4 DecksPrepare decks (if they are part of the furniture item) by attaching to the horizontal panel (Fig. 2(a) of the testapparatus the same materials in the
40、same thickness as used in the actual furniture construction. Stretch decking or upholstery covermaterial over the upholstery materials and securely fasten to the underside of the wood panel.8.5 Tight SeatIf the type of furniture item is constructed with only tight seats, duplicate the seat for test
41、in mock-up. Tightseat cushions shall be 18 6 2 by 22 6 2 in. (45 6 5 by 55 6 5 cm) and made of the same fabric and the same thickness used inproduction furniture. Attach the cushion assembly to the horizontal panel of the test apparatus (see Fig. 2(b) by extending theupholstery cover material around
42、 the panel edges and fastening the cover material to the underside of the wood panel.8.6 Side and Back PanelsFurniture sides and backs shall be mocked-up if, in the type of furniture to be represented by themock-up, they are within 1 in. (2.5 cm) of a seat cushion. Make the mock-ups by upholstering
43、one surface of the vertical test panel(see Fig. 2(b) with the same upholstery material and upholstery cover material used in production furniture. Stretch the upholsterycover material over the upholstery material and fasten to the back side of the framework. Cover all edges of the panels with coverm
44、aterial. If the side and back construction of the furniture item are the same, only one vertical panel need be assembled and tested.8.7 BolstersBolsters resting on the seat cushion or suspended above it tend to confine the heat from the cigarette and oftenpresent a spatial arrangement different from
45、 the crevice. In such cases, prepare a mock-up bolster with dimensions to fit into themock-up arrangement and which presents to the cigarette the same spatial arrangement as in production furniture.E1352 1648.8 Armrests and Tops of BacksTest tops of armrests and back if (1) they present a surface la
46、rge enough and so oriented asto support a cigarette and (2) if the construction differs in any way from the side-panel and back-panel constructions. Make topsof armrests and backs by upholstering a piece of 0.5-in. (1.3-cm) thick plywood, approximately 12 by 20 in. (30 by 50 cm) withthe same materia
47、ls used in the furniture item. The mock-up shall reproduce significant details of the construction of productionfurniture.9. Procedure9.1 Assemble a mock-up test sample by attaching the side or back panels, or both, to the mock-up frame and placing a seatcushion (either loose or tight seat construct
48、ion) against the panels, as shown in Fig. 3(b). Place the assembly on a table or platformin the test area under an exhaust hood or other suitable means for exhausting the products of combustion from testing. Testseparately the decks for loose cushion items, top of armrests, and backs. In some cases,
49、 the test to evaluate upholstered furniturematerial assemblies for cigarette ignition resistance will require two vertical panels, one seat cushion (loose or tight), one bolster,one deck, one top of armrest, and one top of back.9.2 Burn at least three cigarettes on each surface location (see Fig. 3(a) and (b). These locations include crevice(s) where seatcushion and vertical panels meet, seat cushion surfaces (including welt and smooth, quilted or tufted areas), top of upholstered armrest, tops of upholstered back, and deck.9.3 For crevi
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