ASTM E1353-2008 Standard Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture.pdf

1、Designation: E 1353 08An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of UpholsteredFurniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t

2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 These test methods are designed for the as

3、sessment ofthe resistance of upholstered furniture component assembliesto combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes underspecified conditions.1.3 The tests apply to upholstered furniture componentscover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt cords, decking materials,barrier materials, and filling

4、or padding materials including butnot limited to: battings of natural or man-made fibers, foamedor cellular filling materials, resilient pads of natural or man-made fibers, and loose particulate filling materials (such asshredded polyurethane or feathers and down).1.4 The individual test methods and

5、 the materials to whichthey apply are as follows:1.4.1 Cover Fabric TestApplies to outer cover fabrics(see Sections 11 and 12).1.4.2 Interior Fabric TestApplies to interior fabrics usedin intimate contact with outer fabrics (see Sections 13 and 14).1.4.3 Welt Cord TestApplies to welt cord (see Secti

6、ons 15and 16).1.4.4 Filling/Padding Component TestApplies to resilientmaterials used under the cover fabric in seats or in insidevertical walls (inside arm and inside backs) (see Sections 17and 18).1.4.5 Decking Materials TestApplies to resilient materialsused in the deck under loose cushions (see S

7、ections 19 and 20).1.4.6 Barrier Materials TestApplies to materials that areintended to serve as a barrier between cover fabric andconventional polyurethane foam (see Sections 21 and 22).1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are

8、forinformation only.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblie

9、s underactual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation

10、s prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Federal Specifications:3Fed.Spec. CCC-C-436-D, Cloth, Tickin

11、g, Twill, Cotton;Type I3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckin upholstered furniture, the upholstered sup-port under the seat cushion in a loose seat construction.3.2.2

12、 obvious ignitionpronounced continuous and self-sustaining combustion of the test system accompanied by rapidgeneration of heat and smoke. It is a matter of operatorjudgment based upon experience in this type of operation.3.2.3 upholsteredcovered with material (as fabric or pad-ding) to provide a so

13、ft surface.3.2.4 upholstered furniturefor the purpose of these testmethods, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains any1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Cur

14、rent edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 1353 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume

15、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19

16、428-2959, United States.surface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric orrelated upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholsterymaterial, and (3) is intended or promoted for sitting or recliningupon.3.2.5 upholstery cover materialthe outermost layer offabric or related material used

17、to enclose the main supportsystem or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furnitureitem.3.2.6 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or fillingmaterial used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or locatedbetween the upholstery

18、cover material and support system, ifpresent.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,material such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill,bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.7 weltthe piping effect produced when welt cord andcover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes tof

19、inish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholsteredfurniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.8 welt cordthe continuous small-diameter cylindricalmaterial that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the coverto make a welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Th

20、ese test methods consist of several tests used toevaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of component mate-rials used in the manufacture of upholstered furniture. Each testinvolves a miniature assembly consisting of the component tobe tested along with other specified materials, mounted on aplywo

21、od mock-up that resembles a small chair seat and back.The assembly is exposed to a lighted cigarette as an ignitionsource.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to estimate the perfor-mance of upholstered furniture under conditions of exposure toa smoldering cigarette. This is ac

22、complished by testing furni-ture component assemblies. However, interactions betweencomponents in production furniture are not necessarily pre-dicted by component assembly testing.5.2 These test methods are not intended to measure theperformance of upholstered furniture under conditions of openflame

23、 exposure and do not indicate whether the furniture willresist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure orwhen tested in a manner that differs substantially from the teststandard.5.3 The results obtained with a material component tested inmock-up, in accordance with these test methods, do

24、 notnecessarily indicate the performance of the same materialcomponent in other geometric configurations, such as infull-size furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester (MMT) (see Fig. 1):6.1.1 The mini-mock-up tester consists of a base with acentrally located guide and a stationary

25、 vertical panel, amovable horizontal carriage, and a removable vertical supportpanel.6.1.2 The base consists of two wooden panels, each nomi-nally 8 by 8 in. with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, joined togetherat one edge. The carriage hasa5by8-in. (125 by 203-mm)platform to support a horizontal specime

26、n. The platform is 2.5in. (38 mm) above the floor of the base and has a 1.5-in.(38-mm) lip at the front edge. The carriage is grooved to fitover a guide provided on the floor of the base. The removablevertical support panel consists of a wooden panel nominally 8by 8 in. and with nominal 0.75-in. thi

27、ckness, which standsagainst the vertical wall of the base.6.2 Decking Materials Tester (DMT) (see Fig. 2)Thedecking materials tester consists of a plywood base and aplywood retainer ring. The base measures 21 by 13.5 by 0.5 in.(533 by 343 by 13 mm). The retainer ring measures 21 by 13.5by 0.5 in. wi

28、th an opening measuring 16 by 8.5 in. (406 by 216mm).6.3 Ignition Source, consisting of cigarettes without filtertips, made from natural tobacco, 3.4 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2 mm)long with a packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.2(0.270 6 0.020 g/cm2) and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz(1.1 6 0.1 g). Th

29、e smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be0.236 6 0.024 in./min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigaretteis allowed to burn downward in a draft-protected area.NOTE 1With the cigarette supported at the bottom in a verticalposition, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in.(10 t

30、o 50 mm) measured from the top.FIG. 1 Mini-Mock-Up TesterFIG. 2 Decking Materials TesterE 1353 0826.4 Standard Type I Cover FabricThe standard Type Icover fabric shall be 100 % cotton mattress ticking conformingto Fed. Spec. CCC-C-436-D. It shall be laundered and tumble-dried once before using.6.5 S

31、tandard Type II Cover FabricThe standard Type IIcover fabric shall be UFAC standard Type II, 100 % brightregular rayon, scoured, 20/2, ring spun, basketweave construc-tion, 8.0 6 0.5 oz/yd2(271 6 12 g/m2), undyed, containing noflame-retardant finishes or back coating.6.6 Sheeting MaterialThe sheetin

32、g material to cover thetest cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %cotton bed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2(125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundered in anautomatic home clothes washing machine and dried in a tumbledrier at least once before use. For testing, the

33、sheeting materialshall be cut into pieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5cm).6.7 Standard Polyurethane Foam SubstrateThe standardpolyurethane foam substrate shall be open-celled polyether-type urethane, containing no inorganic fillers or flame retar-dants, having a density of 1.3 to 1.6 lb/ft

34、3(20 to 25 kg/m3).6.8 MiscellaneousOther apparatus required to carry outthe testing are: straight pins, a staple gun, a knife or scissors,tongs, and a linear scale graduated in millimeters and tenths ofan inch.6.9 Air VelocityAir velocity across the test assembliesshall be maintained below 50 ft/min

35、 (15.2 m/min) in order tominimize localized effects from draft superheating of cigaretteembers.NOTE 2A fume hood with air curtains across the face and zero airvelocity at the test locations is recommended. Zero air velocity isindicated by an undisturbed vertical smoke plume of 6 in.6.10 Extinguishin

36、g Equipment:6.10.1 Pressurized Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suit-able fire extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.10.2 Water Bottle, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguishany ignited portions of the test specimen.6.10.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burn-ing materials

37、 removed from the tester.6.10.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to im-mersion.6.10.5 Gloves.6.10.6 Breathing apparatus.6.11 Draft-Free EnclosureAn open draft preventive en-closure shall be provided and used to restrict airflow toconvection only (see Fig. 3).7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven unde

38、r the most carefully observedconditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a pointwhere it cannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that atest be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion hasdefinitely occurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with awater spray from the water bottle

39、, remove the charred orburned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerousto test personnel. Test personnel must avoid exposure to smokeand gases produced during testing as much as possible. The useof a lar

40、ge hood with a low air velocity during testing isadvisable, as a means to remove products of combustion.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all test upholstery fabrics and test materials(including polyurethane, cigarettes, and sheeting material) at atemperature of 70 6 5F (21 6 2.8C) and less than 65 %rela

41、tive humidity for at least 24 h prior to testing. If the testroom conditions do not meet the specifications above for theconditioning room, then the testing shall be initiated within 10min after the specimens are removed from the conditioningroom.9. Report9.1 Report the following information for eac

42、h component:9.1.1 Test procedure used,9.1.2 Total number of cigarettes applied,9.1.3 Whether ignition occurred,9.1.4 Individual maximum lengths for each specimen, mea-sured to the nearest 0.1 in. (0.2 cm),9.1.4.1 Measurements exceeding 2 in. (5.1 cm) shall bereported as follows: 2 in.,9.1.5 Whether

43、Class A or Class B, and9.1.6 Test room conditions.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision for measuring cigarette igni-tion resistance classification has not been determined. Resultsof a planned interlaboratory test series will be included whenavailable.10.2 BiasThe true value of cigarette

44、 ignition resistanceclassification of upholstered furniture components can only bedefined in terms of a test method. Within this limitation, thesetest methods have no known bias and are generally accepted asreferee methods.COVER FABRIC TEST11. Test Specimen11.1 Cut three specimens, each 8 by 8 in. (

45、203 by 203 mm),from the material to be tested for horizontal panels, and threespecimens, 8 by 15 in. (203 by 381 mm), for vertical panels.11.2 Cut each specimen with its long dimension in thedirection of the warp and assembled for testing in a warp-to-warp orientation, such that the major areas of w

46、eave variationwill lie in the crevice of the assembled test apparatus.FIG. 3 Draft EnclosureE 1353 08311.3 For fabrics with complex weaves, cut specimens sothat portions of the three largest areas of weave complexity arecontacted by the cigarettes placed on the test assemblies. Fordyed or printed fa

47、brics, or both, color shall not constitute adifference with respect to cigarette ignition resistance in thistest.12. Procedure12.1 For horizontal panels, place the 8 by 8-in. (203 by203-mm) cover fabric specimen on an 8 by 5 by 2-in. (203 by127 by 51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4, an

48、dpin the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them in place.12.2 For vertical panels, place the 8 by 15-in. (203 by381-mm) fabric specimen on an 8 by 8 by 2-in. (203 by 203 by51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4. The fabricshall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and be pinnedin

49、to place on the corners. The warp or machine direction of thefabric shall run from front to back on the test assembly.12.3 Place each assembled vertical and horizontal panel in amini-mock-up tester as shown in Fig. 4.12.4 Mark the position of the crevice on the sides of thevertical substrate.12.5 Light three cigarettes and place a lighted cigarette oneach of the three test assemblies so that the cigarette lies in thecrevice and against the vertical panel with equal distance ofcigarette ends from either side of the assembly.12.6 Place a piece of sheet