1、Designation: E1353 08a1An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of UpholsteredFurniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe old Precision and Bias statement was removed as a complete statement is now given in Sec
3、tion 22.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 These test methods are designed for the assessment ofthe resistance of upholstered furniture component assembliesto combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes underspecified conditions.1.3 The tests apply to upholstered furniture
4、componentscover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt cords, decking materials,barrier materials, and filling or padding materials including butnot limited to: battings of natural or man-made fibers, foamedor cellular filling materials, resilient pads of natural or man-made fibers, and loose particulate f
5、illing materials (such asshredded polyurethane or feathers and down).1.4 The individual test methods and the materials to whichthey apply are as follows:1.4.1 Cover Fabric TestApplies to outer cover fabrics(see Sections 10 and 11).1.4.2 Interior Fabric TestApplies to interior fabrics usedin intimate
6、 contact with outer fabrics (see Sections 12 and 13).1.4.3 Welt Cord TestApplies to welt cord (see Sections 14and 15).1.4.4 Filling/Padding Component TestApplies to resilientmaterials used under the cover fabric in seats or in insidevertical walls (inside arm and inside backs) (see Sections 16and 17
7、).1.4.5 Decking Materials TestApplies to resilient materialsused in the deck under loose cushions (see Sections 18 and 19).1.4.6 Barrier Materials TestApplies to materials that areintended to serve as a barrier between cover fabric andconventional polyurethane foam (see Sections 20 and 21).1.5 The v
8、alues stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assem
9、blies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass
10、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Termi
11、nology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Federal Specifications:3Fed.Spec. CCC-C-436-D, Cloth, Ticking, Twill, Cotton;Type I2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and ClassificationSystem for Cigarette
12、Ignition Resistance of Componentsof Upholstered Furniture3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckin upholstered furniture, the upholstered sup-port under the seat cushion i
13、n a loose seat construction.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 2008 as E1353 08. DOI:10.1520/E1353-08A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 obvious ignitionpronounced continuous and self-sustaining combustion of the test system accompanied by rapidgeneration of heat and smoke. It is a matter of operatorjudgment based upon experience in this type of operation.3.2
17、.3 upholsteredcovered with material (as fabric or pad-ding) to provide a soft surface.3.2.4 upholstered furniturefor the purpose of these testmethods, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains anysurface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric orrelated upholstery cover material, (
18、2) contains upholsterymaterial, and (3) is intended or promoted for sitting or recliningupon.3.2.5 upholstery cover materialthe outermost layer offabric or related material used to enclose the main supportsystem or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furnitureitem.3.2.6 upholstery materialthe
19、 padding, stuffing, or fillingmaterial used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or locatedbetween the upholstery cover material and support system, ifpresent.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,material such as foams
20、, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill,bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.7 weltthe piping effect produced when welt cord andcover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes tofinish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholsteredfurniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.8 welt cordthe
21、 continuous small-diameter cylindricalmaterial that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the coverto make a welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods consist of several tests used toevaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of component mate-rials used i
22、n the manufacture of upholstered furniture. Each testinvolves a miniature assembly consisting of the component tobe tested along with other specified materials, mounted on aplywood mock-up that resembles a small chair seat and back.The assembly is exposed to a lighted cigarette as an ignitionsource.
23、5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to estimate the perfor-mance of upholstered furniture under conditions of exposure toa smoldering cigarette. This is accomplished by testing furni-ture component assemblies. However, interactions betweencomponents in production furniture are
24、 not necessarily pre-dicted by component assembly testing.5.2 These test methods are not intended to measure theperformance of upholstered furniture under conditions of openflame exposure and do not indicate whether the furniture willresist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure orwhen
25、tested in a manner that differs substantially from the teststandard.5.3 The results obtained with a material component tested inmock-up, in accordance with these test methods, do notnecessarily indicate the performance of the same materialcomponent in other geometric configurations, such as infull-s
26、ize furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester (MMT) (see Fig. 1):6.1.1 The mini-mock-up tester consists of a base with acentrally located guide and a stationary vertical panel, amovable horizontal carriage, and a removable vertical supportpanel.6.1.2 The base consists of two wooden
27、 panels, each nomi-nally 8 by 8 in. with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, joined togetherat one edge. The carriage hasa5by8-in. (125 by 203-mm)platform to support a horizontal specimen. The platform is 2.5in. (38 mm) above the floor of the base and has a 1.5-in.(38-mm) lip at the front edge. The carriage
28、 is grooved to fitover a guide provided on the floor of the base. The removablevertical support panel consists of a wooden panel nominally 8by 8 in. and with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, which standsagainst the vertical wall of the base.6.2 Decking Materials Tester (DMT) (see Fig. 2)Thedecking materi
29、als tester consists of a plywood base and aplywood retainer ring. The base measures 21 by 13.5 by 0.5 in.(533 by 343 by 13 mm). The retainer ring measures 21 by 13.5by 0.5 in. with an opening measuring 16 by 8.5 in. (406 by 216mm).6.3 Ignition Source, consisting of cigarettes without filtertips, mad
30、e from natural tobacco, 3.4 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2 mm)long with a packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.2(0.270 6 0.020 g/cm2) and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz(1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be0.236 6 0.024 in./min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigaretteis allowed to burn
31、downward in a draft-protected area.NOTE 1With the cigarette supported at the bottom in a verticalposition, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in.(10 to 50 mm) measured from the top.6.4 Standard Type I Cover FabricThe standard Type Icover fabric shall be 100 % cotton mattr
32、ess ticking conformingFIG. 1 Mini-Mock-Up TesterE1353 08a12to Fed. Spec. CCC-C-436-D. It shall be laundered and tumble-dried once before using.6.5 Standard Type II Cover FabricThe standard Type IIcover fabric shall be UFAC standard Type II, 100 % brightregular rayon, scoured, 20/2, ring spun, basket
33、weave construc-tion, 8.0 6 0.5 oz/yd2(271 6 12 g/m2), undyed, containing noflame-retardant finishes or back coating.6.6 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to cover thetest cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %cotton bed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2(125 6 28 g/m2)
34、. The material shall be laundered in anautomatic home clothes washing machine and dried in a tumbledrier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting materialshall be cut into pieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5cm).6.7 Standard Polyurethane Foam SubstrateThe standardpolyurethane foa
35、m substrate shall be open-celled polyether-type urethane, containing no inorganic fillers or flame retar-dants, having a density of 1.3 to 1.6 lb/ft3(20 to 25 kg/m3).6.8 MiscellaneousOther apparatus required to carry outthe testing are: straight pins, a staple gun, a knife or scissors,tongs, and a l
36、inear scale graduated in millimeters and tenths ofan inch.6.9 Air VelocityAir velocity across the test assembliesshall be maintained below 50 ft/min (15.2 m/min) in order tominimize localized effects from draft superheating of cigaretteembers.NOTE 2A fume hood with air curtains across the face and z
37、ero airvelocity at the test locations is recommended. Zero air velocity isindicated by an undisturbed vertical smoke plume of 6 in.6.10 Extinguishing Equipment:6.10.1 Pressurized Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suit-able fire extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.10.2 Water Bottle, fitt
38、ed with a spray nozzle to extinguishany ignited portions of the test specimen.6.10.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burn-ing materials removed from the tester.6.10.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to im-mersion.6.10.5 Gloves.6.10.6 Breathing apparatus.6.11 Draft-Free Enclo
39、sureAn open draft preventive en-closure shall be provided and used to restrict airflow toconvection only (see Fig. 3).7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observedconditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a pointwhere it cannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that ate
40、st be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion hasdefinitely occurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with awater spray from the water bottle, remove the charred orburned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritati
41、ng and dangerousto test personnel. Test personnel must avoid exposure to smokeand gases produced during testing as much as possible. The useof a large hood with a low air velocity during testing isadvisable, as a means to remove products of combustion.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all test upholstery
42、 fabrics and test materials(including polyurethane, cigarettes, and sheeting material) at atemperature of 70 6 5F (21 6 2.8C) and less than 65 %relative humidity for at least 24 h prior to testing. If the testroom conditions do not meet the specifications above for theconditioning room, then the tes
43、ting shall be initiated within 10min after the specimens are removed from the conditioningroom.9. Report9.1 Report the following information for each component:9.1.1 Test procedure used,9.1.2 Total number of cigarettes applied,9.1.3 Whether ignition occurred,9.1.4 Individual maximum lengths for each
44、 specimen, mea-sured to the nearest 0.1 in. (0.2 cm),9.1.4.1 Measurements exceeding 2 in. (5.1 cm) shall bereported as follows: 2 in.,9.1.5 Whether Class A or Class B, and9.1.6 Test room conditions.COVER FABRIC TEST10. Test Specimen10.1 Cut three specimens, each 8 by 8 in. (203 by 203 mm),from the m
45、aterial to be tested for horizontal panels, and threespecimens, 8 by 15 in. (203 by 381 mm), for vertical panels.10.2 Cut each specimen with its long dimension in thedirection of the warp and assembled for testing in a warp-to-warp orientation, such that the major areas of weave variationwill lie in
46、 the crevice of the assembled test apparatus.10.3 For fabrics with complex weaves, cut specimens sothat portions of the three largest areas of weave complexity arecontacted by the cigarettes placed on the test assemblies. ForFIG. 2 Decking Materials TesterFIG. 3 Draft EnclosureE1353 08a13dyed or pri
47、nted fabrics, or both, color shall not constitute adifference with respect to cigarette ignition resistance in thistest.11. Procedure11.1 For horizontal panels, place the 8 by 8-in. (203 by203-mm) cover fabric specimen on an 8 by 5 by 2-in. (203 by127 by 51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig
48、. 4, andpin the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them in place.11.2 For vertical panels, place the 8 by 15-in. (203 by381-mm) fabric specimen on an 8 by 8 by 2-in. (203 by 203 by51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4. The fabricshall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and be p
49、innedinto place on the corners. The warp or machine direction of thefabric shall run from front to back on the test assembly.11.3 Place each assembled vertical and horizontal panel in amini-mock-up tester as shown in Fig. 4.11.4 Mark the position of the crevice on the sides of thevertical substrate.11.5 Light three cigarettes and place a lighted cigarette oneach of the three test assemblies so that the cigarette lies in thecrevice and against the vertical panel with equal distance ofcigarette ends from either side of the assembly.11.6 Place a pi
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