ASTM E1386-2000(2005) Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction《用溶剂萃取法分离和浓缩从火烧瓦砾样品中获取的可燃液体残渣的标准.pdf

1、Designation: E 1386 00 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Practice forSeparation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residuesfrom Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi

2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing smallquantities

3、 of flammable or combustible liquid residue fromsamples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.1.2 This practice is suitable for successfully extractingflammable or combustible liquid residues over the entire rangeof concentrations.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures a

4、relisted in Test Method E 1387.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitatio

5、ns prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see Note 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 752 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Carbon DisulfideE 1387 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Ex-tracts from Samples of Fire Debris by Ga

6、s Chromatogra-phyE 1412 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by PassiveHeadspace ConcentrationE 1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and RelatedDocumentationE 1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, andRetrieving Evidence in

7、 a Forensic Science LaboratoryE 1618 Guide for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extractsfrom Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-MassSpectrometry3. Summary of Practice3.1 A sample of fire debris is extracted with an organicsolvent. The extract is filtered and concentrated using drynitrogen, filter

8、ed air, or inert gas.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from firedebris for later analysis by gas chromatography, GC/MS, orGC/IR.4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable ofisolating quantities smaller than 1 L of ignitable liquid residuefrom a

9、 sample.4.3 This practice is particularly useful when the potential forfractionation during separation must be reduced, as whenattempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.4.4 This practice is particularly useful for the extraction ofnonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior

10、of burnedcontainers. It is also particularly well suited to the extraction ofmaterials from very small samples.4.5 This practice can be hampered by coincident extractionof interfering compounds present in the fire debris samples.4.6 This practice may not be useful for the extraction ofsome Class 0 a

11、nd Class 1 ignitable liquids, which mayevaporate during the concentration step.4.7 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, thistechnique should only be used when a representative portion ofthe sample can be reserved for reanalysis. Those portions of thesample subjected to this procedure

12、may not be suitable forresampling. Consider using passive headspace concentration asdescribed in Practice E 1412.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. It is intended that all reagents conform to thespecifications of the Committee on Analyti

13、cal Reagents of the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 1386

14、00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B

15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.American Chemical Society where such specifications areavailable.3Other grades may be used, provided it is firstascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity topermit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-nation.5

16、.2 SolventA suitable solvent, such as carbon disulfide,pentane, petroleum, ether, or diethyl ether.5.2.1 Check solvent purity by evaporating to at least twicethe extent used in the analysis and analyzing the evaporatedsolvent in accordance with Test Method E 1387 or GuideE 1618.5.2.2 Pentane, petrol

17、eum ether, and diethyl ether producerelatively large signals when passing through a flame ioniza-tion detector, possibly obscuring the signal from lighter hydro-carbons.5.2.3 If carbon disulfide is used, read and follow the safetyprecautions described in Practice E 752.5.3 Filter Paper, free of extr

18、actable hydrocarbons.5.4 Compressed Dry Nitrogen, Filtered Air, or Inert Gas.NOTE 1Caution: These gases are compressed under high pressure.6. Procedure6.1 Observe the appropriate procedures for handling anddocumentation of all submitted samples as described in Prac-tice E 1492.6.1.1 Open and examine

19、 the fire debris sample in order todetermine that it is consistent with its description.6.1.1.1 Resolve any discrepancies between the submittingagents description of the evidence and the analysts observa-tion with the submitting agent prior to the completion of thereport.6.2 Select a beaker size whi

20、ch is capable of holding twicethe volume of the sample.6.3 If possible, select a representative portion of the sampleto extract.6.3.1 Record in the case notes a description of the portion ofthe sample extracted.6.4 Add sufficient solvent to thoroughly moisten the sample.6.5 Use the next smaller size

21、 beaker as a plunger to promoteextraction of flexible debris.6.6 Mix the solvent and debris. An extraction time of lessthan one minute is usually sufficient.6.7 Decant the solvent and filter if necessary.6.8 Evaporate the solvent with dry nitrogen, filtered air, orinert gas, without heat, to a volum

22、e of approximately 1 mL.6.8.1 Sufficiently concentrated samples do not requireevaporation.6.8.2 Simple rinsing of nonporous surfaces may result inadequate separation of residues.6.8.3 If only a portion of the sample is subjected toextraction, include in the report of a description of that portionof

23、the sample which was extracted.6.9 Code or label an appropriately sized vial or test tubewith the case number, sample number, date, separation method,and analystss initials.6.10 Transfer the solvent into the prepared container, anddeal.6.11 Follow the evidence documentation and handling pro-cedures

24、described in Guide E 1459 and Practice E 1492.7. Keywords7.1 fire debris samples; solvent extractionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that dete

25、rmination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or

26、 withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel tha

27、t your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints

28、(single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,AmericanChemical Soc

29、iety, Washington, DC for suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary,U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.E 1386 00 (2005)2