1、Designation: E1386 15Standard Practice forSeparation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire DebrisSamples by Solvent Extraction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing smallquantities of ignitable liquid residue from sampl
3、es of fire debrisusing solvent to extract the residue.1.2 This practice is suitable for successfully extractingignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures arelisted in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412,E1413, and
4、E2154).1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This standard cannot replaceknowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriateeducation, training, and experience and should be used inconjunction with sound professional judgment.1.5 The valu
5、es stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
6、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see 5.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1388 Practice for Sampling of Headspace Vapors from FireDebris SamplesE1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liqui
7、d Residuesfrom Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-tration With Activated CharcoalE1413 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residuesfrom Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Con-centrationE1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and RelatedDocumentationE1492 Practice for Re
8、ceiving, Documenting, Storing, andRetrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science LaboratoryE1618 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extractsfrom Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-MassSpectrometryE2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-able Liquid Residues from Fire Debr
9、is Samples by Pas-sive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microex-traction (SPME)E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignit-able Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 A sample of fire debris is extracted with an organicsolvent. The extract is
10、filtered and concentrated as necessary.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from firedebris for later analysis by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry (GC/MS).4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable ofisolating quantities smaller than 1 L of i
11、gnitable liquid residuefrom a sample.4.3 This practice is particularly useful when the potential forfractionation during separation must be reduced, as whenattempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.4.4 This practice is particularly useful for the extraction ofnonporous surfaces su
12、ch as glass, or the interior of burnedcontainers. It is also particularly well suited to the extraction ofignitable liquid residues from very small samples, very largesamples, or samples that are not suitable for heating.4.5 This practice is not specific to ignitable liquids and canbe hampered by co
13、incident extraction of interfering com-pounds present in the fire debris samples.4.6 This practice may not be useful for the extraction ofsome extremely volatile ignitable liquids, which may evaporateduring the concentration step.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Fore
14、nsicSciences and is the direct responsibility of E30.01 on CriminalisticsCurrent edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1386 10. DOI:10.1520/E1386-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
15、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.7 This is a
16、destructive technique. Whenever possible, thistechnique should only be used when a representative portion ofthe sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions ofthe sample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable forresampling. If destruction of the sample is an issue, considerusing p
17、assive headspace concentration as described in PracticeE1412.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade or better chemicalsshall be used in all tests. It is intended that all reagents conformto the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagentsof the American Chemical Socie
18、ty where such specificationsare available.3Other grades may be used, provided it is firstascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity topermit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-nation.5.2 SolventA suitable single component solvent (polar ornon-polar), with high vol
19、atility to allow concentration byevaporation, such as carbon disulfide, pentane, methylenechloride, or diethyl ether.NOTE 1Polar oxygenated solvents (such as alcohols) may not besoluble in non-polar solvents (such as pentane). In order to examine forthe presence of polar oxygenated solvents, it may
20、be necessary to performan additional extraction technique, such as analyzing a sample from theheadspace (Practice E1388) prior to performing a solvent extraction.5.2.1 Check solvent purity by evaporating to at least twicethe extent used in the analysis and analyzing the evaporatedsolvent in accordan
21、ce with Test Method E1618.5.2.2 Read and follow the safety precautions described inthe safety data sheet (SDS) of the extraction solvent that isused.5.3 Filter paper or filter apparatus, free of extractablehydrocarbons.5.4 Beakers, vials, or other extraction containers, free ofextractable hydrocarbo
22、ns.5.5 Compressed dry nitrogen, filtered air, or inert gas.(WarningThese gases are stored under high pressure. )6. Procedure6.1 Observe the appropriate procedures for handling anddocumentation of all submitted samples as described in Prac-tice E1492 and Guide E1459.6.1.1 Open and examine the fire de
23、bris sample in order todetermine that it is consistent with its description.6.1.1.1 Resolve any discrepancies between the submittingagents description of the evidence and the analysts observa-tion with the submitting agent prior to the completion of thereport.6.2 Select an appropriate size container
24、 to perform theextraction.6.3 If possible, select a representative portion of the sampleto extract.6.3.1 Record in the case notes a description of the portion ofthe sample extracted.6.4 Add sufficient solvent to thoroughly moisten the sample.6.5 A record of the solvent manufacturer, grade and lotnum
25、ber used shall be maintained.6.6 Mix the solvent and debris. An extraction time of lessthan one minute is usually sufficient.6.6.1 Simple rinsing of nonporous surfaces may be suffi-cient for adequate extraction of residues.6.6.2 Multiple small volume extractions may be used; thistechnique is more ef
26、ficient than a single large volume extrac-tion. The multiple small volumes may be combined andconcentrated as necessary.6.7 Decant the solvent and filter if necessary.6.8 If needed, evaporate the solvent to an appropriatevolume.6.8.1 Sufficiently concentrated samples do not requireevaporation.6.8.2
27、Evaporation techniques may include dry nitrogen,filtered air, inert gas, vacuum techniques or simple evaporation.6.9 Code or label an appropriately sized vial in accordancewith Guide E1459.6.10 Transfer the solvent into the prepared container andcap.6.11 Prepare a system blank to approximate the mos
28、treduced sample. An equivalent amount of the extractionsolvent shall be analyzed (reduced and filtered if necessary) inthe same manner as sample(s) under analysis.6.12 Follow the extract storage procedures described inPractice E2451.7. Keywords7.1 fire debris samples; solvent extraction3Reagent Chem
29、icals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC, http:/www.chemistry.org. For suggestions onthe testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society, see the UnitedStates Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention,Inc. (USP
30、C), Rockville, MD, http:/www.usp.org.E1386 152ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, a
31、nd the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revis
32、ion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you s
33、houldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be ob
34、tained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
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