ASTM E1444 E1444M-2012 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing《磁粉检测的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: E1444/E1444M 11 E1444/E1444M 12Standard Practice forMagnetic Particle Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1444/E1444M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for

3、 magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or slightlysubsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material. Guide E709 can be used in conjunction with this practice as a tutorial.NOTE 1This Practice replaces MIL-STD-1949.1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cr

4、acks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or nearthe surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and semi-finishedmaterials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagn

5、etic metals and alloys such asaustenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1 for additional information.1.3 All areas of this Practice may be open to agreement between the Cognizant Engineering Organization and the supplier, orspecific direction from the Cognizant Engineering Organization.1.4 This sta

6、ndard is a combined standard, an ASTM standard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are includedin the same standard, with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard.1.4.1 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as st

7、andard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any

8、, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents form a part of this standard practice to the e

9、xtent specified herein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA456/A456M Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft ForgingsE543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive TestingE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle T

10、estingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2297 Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods2.3 ASNT Documents:3SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice No. “Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testin

11、gANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)-AMS Documents:4,5AMS 2641 Magnetic Particle Inspection VehicleAMS 3040 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Dry MethodAMS 3041 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil V

12、ehicle, Ready-To-UseAMS 3042 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Dry PowderAMS 3043 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil Vehicle, Aerosol PackagedAMS 3044 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Dry PowderAMS 3045 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Oil Vehic

13、le, Ready-To-UseAMS 3046 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Oil Vehicle, Aerosol Packaged5AMS 5062 Steel, Low Carbon Bars, Forgings, Tubing, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.25 Carbon, Maximum*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H

14、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1AMS 5355 Investment CastingsAMS I-83387 Inspection Process, Magnetic RubberAMS 2175 Castings, Classification and Inspection ofAS 4792 Water Conditioning Agents for Aqueous Magnetic Particle InspectionAS 5282 Tool Steel Ring St

15、andard for Magnetic Particle InspectionAS 5371 Reference Standards Notched Shims for Magnetic Particle Inspection2.5 Federal Standards:4,6FED-STD-313 Material Safety Data Sheets, Preparation and the Submission ofFED-STD-595 Colors2.6 Military Standards:4,6MIL-STD 45562A Calibration Systems Requireme

16、ntsA-A-59230 Fluid, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Suspension2.7 OSHA Document:729 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication2.8 ANSI Document:4,8ANSI/NCSL Z 540-1 General Requirement for Calibration Laboratories and Measuring Test Equipment2.9 ISO Document:ISO 10012-1 Measurement Management SystemsRequireme

17、nts for Measurement Processes and Measuring Equipment92.10 AIA Document:NAS 410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel102.11 DoD ContractsUnless otherwise specified, the editions of the documents that are DoD adopted are those listed in theissue of the DoDISS (Departmen

18、t of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards) cited in the solicitation.2.12 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict between the text of this practice and the referenced documents cited herein,the text of this practice takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions relating

19、to magnetic particle testing, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall apply to theterms used in this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 Description of ProcessMagnetic particle testing consists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applying suitablyprepared magnetic particles while the area is ma

20、gnetized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any resulting particleaccumulations. Maximum detectability occurs when the discontinuity is positioned on the surface and perpendicular to themagnetic flux.4.2 This practice establishes the basic parameters for controlling the application of the

21、 magnetic particle testing method. Thispractice is written so that it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-toprocedure to be used by the examination personnel and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed written procedure thatconform

22、s to the requirements of this practice.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrantand Magnetic Particle Methods.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011Oct. 15, 2012. Published Sept

23、ember 2011November 2012. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20052011as E1444 - 01.E1444 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/E1444_E1444M-11.10.1520/E1444_E1444M-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F

24、or Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.4 Copies of standards, specificati

25、ons, drawings, and publications required by manufacturers in connection with specification acquisition should be obtained from thecontracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.5 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.or

26、g.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.7 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, ht

27、tp:/www.access.gpo.gov.8 Available from National Conference of Standards Laboratories, 1800 30th St. Suite 305b, Boulder, CO. 80301.9 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.10 Available f

28、rom Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.E1444/E1444M 1225. General Practice5.1 Personnel QualificationPersonnel performing examinations in accordance with this practice shall be qualified andcer

29、tified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or asspecified in the contract or purchase order.5.2 Agency QualificationIf specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated as describedin E543. The applicable

30、 edition of E543 shall be specified in the contractual agreement.5.3 Written ProcedureMagnetic particle testing shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure applicable to thepart or group of parts under examination. The procedure shall be in accordance with the requirements of this Prac

31、tice. The process,when conducted in accordance with the written procedure, shall be capable of detecting discontinuities specified in the acceptancecriteria. The written procedure may be general if it clearly applies to all of the specified parts being examined and meets therequirements of this prac

32、tice. All written procedures, including technique sheets for specific parts, shall be approved by anindividual qualified and certified at Level III for magnetic particle testing in accordance with the requirements of 5.1. Proceduresshall be submitted to the Cognizant Engineering Organization for rev

33、iew, or approval, or both, when requested.5.3.1 Elements of the Written ProcedureThe written procedure shall include at least the following elements, either directly orby reference to the applicable documents:5.3.1.1 Procedure identification number and the date it was written;5.3.1.2 Identification

34、of the part(s) to which the procedure applies; this shall include the material, or alloy, or both;5.3.1.3 For new components, sequence of magnetic particle testing as related to manufacturing process operation (for example,post plating, after heat treat, etc.);5.3.1.4 Identification of test parts us

35、ed for system performance verification (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2);5.3.1.5 Process controls (see Table 1);5.3.1.6 Areas of the part to be examined;5.3.1.7 Part preparation required before examination;5.3.1.8 Directions for positioning the item with respect to the magnetizing equipment;5.3.1.9 The type of

36、magnetizing current and the equipment to be used;5.3.1.10 Method of establishing the magnetization (head, coil, prods, yoke, cable wrap, etc.);TABLE 1 Required Verification IntervalsItem Maximum TimeBetween VerificationAParagraphLighting:BVisible light intensity (7.3.1.1) WeeklyVisible light intensi

37、ty Weekly 7.3.1.1Ambient light intensity (7.3.1.2) WeeklyAmbient light intensity Weekly 7.3.1.2Black light intensity (7.3.2, 7.4.5) DailyBlack light intensity Daily 7.3.2, 7.4.5Battery powered blacklight intensity check (7.4.5.2)Before and after each useBattery powered blacklight intensity checkBefo

38、re and after each use 7.4.5.2Black light integrity (7.3.2) WeeklyBlack light integrity Weekly 7.3.2System Performance:B (7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2) DailySystem Performance:B Daily 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2Wet particle concentration (7.2.1.1) 8 hours, or every shift changeWet particle concentration 8 hours, or every

39、 shift change 7.2.1.1Wet particle contamination:B (7.2.1.2) 1 weekWet particle contamination:B 1 week 7.2.1.2Water break test (7.2.2) DailyWater break test Daily 7.2.2Equipment calibration check:BAmmeter accuracy (7.4.1) 6 monthsAmmeter accuracy 6 months 7.4.1Timer control (7.4.2) 6 monthsTimer cont

40、rol 6 months 7.4.2Quick break (7.4.3) 6 monthsQuick break 6 months 7.4.3Yoke dead weight check (7.4.4) 6 monthsYoke dead weight check 6 months 7.4.4Black and white light meters 6 months 7.4.7Gaussmeter or Field Indicator accuracy 6 months 7.4.6A WhenWhen the inspectiontest system is in operation.B T

41、he maximum time between verifications may be reduced or extended when substantiated by actual technical/reliability data.E1444/E1444M 1235.3.1.11 Directions of magnetization to be used, the order in which they are applied, and any demagnetization procedures to beused between shots;5.3.1.12 The curre

42、nt level, or the number of ampere turns, to be used and the duration of its application;5.3.1.13 Type of magnetic particle material (dry or wet, visible or fluorescent, etc.) to be used and the method and equipmentto be used for its application and, for the case of wet particles, the particle concen

43、tration limits;5.3.1.14 Type of records and method of marking parts after examination;5.3.1.15 Acceptance requirements, to be used for evaluating indications and disposition of parts after evaluation; and5.3.1.16 Post-examination demagnetization and cleaning requirements.5.4 Examination SequencePerf

44、orm magnetic particle examination after all operations which might cause or revealdiscontinuities. Such operations include, but are not limited to, forging, heat treating, electroplating, forming, welding, grinding,straightening, machining, and proof loading.5.4.1 Perform magnetic particle examinati

45、on prior to shot peening (to provide a beneficial compressive layer) and prior toapplying protective finishes such as priming, painting, plating (see 5.4.3 through 5.4.3.5) or other coatings.5.4.2 In-process examinations may not be substituted for final examination.5.4.3 Plating and CoatingsExamine

46、parts which will receive either a plating or coating as follows:5.4.3.1 Examination is required prior to all non-electroplated coatings.5.4.3.2 Electroplated surfaces with a final plating thickness of 0.0008 in. 0.02 mm or less shall be examined either before orafter electroplating, or grinding, or

47、both, of electroplated surfaces.5.4.3.3 Electroplated surfaces with a final plating thickness of between 0.0008 in. 0.02 mm and 0.0050 in. 0.13 mm shallbe examined both before and after electroplating, or grinding, or both, of electroplated surfaces.(1) Electroplated surfaces with a final plating th

48、ickness of 0.0050 in. 0.13 mm or greater shall be examined beforeelectroplating, or grinding, or both, of electroplated surfaces.(2) Magnetic particle examination after electroplating is not required for steels with a tensile strength less than or equal to 160ksi.5.4.3.4 Use caution when examining p

49、arts with an electroplated nickel coating as indications may form from the resultingleakage fields within the nickel plating itself.5.4.3.5 For in-service examination, plating or coatings do not require removal prior to examination unless they are damaged,or they interfere with the examination process.5.5 Materials:5.5.1 Dry Particle RequirementsDry particles shall meet the requirements of AMS 3040.5.5.2 Wet Particle RequirementsWet particles shall meet the requirements of AMS 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, or 3046,as applicable.5.5.3 Suspension Vehicle