1、Designation: E1486M 98 (Reapproved 2010)E1486M 14Standard Test Method forDetermining Floor Tolerances Using Waviness, Wheel Pathand Levelness Criteria (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1486M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers data collection and analysis procedures to de
3、termine surface flatness and levelness by calculatingwaviness indices for survey lines and surfaces, elevation differences of defined wheel paths, and levelness indices using SI units.NOTE 1This test method is the companion to inch-pound Test Method E1486.NOTE 2This test method was not developed for
4、, and does not apply to clay or concrete paver units.1.1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide the user with floor tolerance estimates as follows:1.1.1.1 Local survey line waviness and overall surface waviness indices for floors based on deviations from the midpoints ofimaginary chords as
5、they are moved along a floor elevation profile survey line. End points of the chords are always in contact withthe surface. The imaginary chords cut through any points in the concrete surface higher than the chords.1.1.1.2 Defined wheel path criteria based on transverse and longitudinal elevation di
6、fferences, change in elevation difference,and root mean square (RMS) elevation difference.1.1.1.3 Levelness criteria for surfaces characterized by either of the following methods: the conformance of elevation data tothe test section elevation data mean; or by the conformance of the RMS slope of each
7、 survey line to a specified slope for eachsurvey line.1.1.2 The averages used throughout these calculations are the root mean squares, RMS (that is, the quadratic means). This testmethod gives equal importance to humps and dips, measured up (+) and down (), respectively, from the imaginary chords.1.
8、1.3 Appendix X1 is a commentary on this test method. Appendix X2 provides a computer program for waviness indexcalculations based on this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does n
9、ot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Document2.1 ASTM Standards:
10、2E1486 Test Method for Determining Floor Tolerances Using Waviness, Wheel Path and Levelness Criteria3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 defined wheel path traffctraffic on surfaces, or specifically identifiable portions thereof, intended for defined linear traffic
11、by vehicles with two primary axles and four primary load wheel contact points on the floor and with corresponding front and rearprimary wheels in approximately the same wheel paths.3.1.2 levelnessdescribed in two ways: the conformance of surface elevation data to the mean elevation of a test section
12、,elevation conformance; and as the conformance of survey line slope to a specified slope, RMS levelness.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 onServiceability.Current edition approved Oct
13、. 1, 2010April 1, 2014. Published November 2010May 2014. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 asE1486E1486M 98 (2010).M 98 (2004). DOI: 10.1520/E1486M-98R10.10.1520/E1486M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custom
14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the
15、previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright AST
16、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2.1 elevation conformancethe percentage of surface elevation data, hi, that lie within the tolerance specified from the meanelevation of a test section from the mean elevation of all data within
17、a test section. The absolute value of the distance of all points,hi, from the test section data mean is tested against the specification, dmax. Passing values are counted, and that total is dividedby the aggregate quantity of elevation data points for the test section, and percent passing is reporte
18、d.3.1.2.2 RMS levelnessdirectionally dependent calculation of the RMS of the slopes of the least squares fit line throughsuccessive 4.5-m long sections of a survey line, L. The RMS LVLL is compared to the specified surface slope and specifiedmaximum deviation to determine compliance.3.1.3 Waviness I
19、ndex Terms:3.1.3.1 chord lengththe length of an imaginary straightedge (chord) joining the two end points at j and j + 2k. This lengthis equal to 2ks (see Fig. 1) where the survey spacing, s, is equal to 0.3 m, and where k is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 to define chordlengths of 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, a
20、nd 3.0 m, respectively, unless values for s and for k are otherwise stated.3.1.3.2 deviation (Dkj)the vertical distance between the surface and the midpoint, j + ks, of a chord of length 2ks whose endpoints are in contact with the surface.3.1.3.3 length adjusted RMS deviation (LADk)calculated for a
21、reference length Lrr of 3 m, unless otherwise stated, in orderto obtain deviations that are independent of the various chord lengths, 2ks.3.1.3.4 wavinessthe relative degree to which a survey line deviates from a straight line.3.2 Symbols:A = area of test section, square metres.A = area of test sect
22、ion, m2.d = point i, of the (4.5/s + 1) point subset of i = 1 to imax, where d is a point within the (4.5/s + 1) point subset, usedto evaluate RMS levelness.dhL = number of elevation data points of survey line, L, which lie within the maximum allowable deviation from the testsection elevation data m
23、ean, dmax.Dkj = deviation from chord midpoint, j + k, to the survey line, mm.Dkj = deviation from chord midpoint, j + k, to the survey line, mm.dmax = specified maximum allowable deviation from the test section elevation data mean.EC = percentage of elevation data within a test section complying to
24、a specified maximum deviation, dmax, from themean of all elevation data points within a test section.ECL = percentage compliance of each survey line to a specified maximum deviation, dmax, from the mean of all elevationdata points within a test section.ECL = percentage compliance of each survey line
25、 to a specified maximum deviation, dmax, from the mean of all elevationdata points within a test section.hi = elevation of the points along the survey line, mm.hi = elevation of the points along the survey line, mm.hai = elevation of the points along the survey line of the left wheel path of defined
26、 wheel path traffic, mm.hai = elevation of the points along the survey line of the left wheel path of defined wheel path traffic, mm.hbi = elevation of the points along the survey line of the right wheel path of defined wheel path traffic, mm.hbi = elevation of the points along the survey line of th
27、e right wheel path of defined wheel path traffic, mm.i = designation of the location of survey points along a survey line (i = 1, 2, 3 . . . imaxL).imaxL = total number of survey points along a survey line.imaxL = total number of survey points along a survey line.imaxLx = total number of survey poin
28、ts along one of the pair of survey lines, Lx, representing the wheel paths of definedwheel path traffic.imaxLx = total number of survey points along one of the pair of survey lines, Lx, representing the wheel paths of definedwheel path traffic.FIG. 1 ExplanationExplanation of SymbolsE1486M 142j = de
29、signation of the location of the survey point which is the initial point for a deviation calculation (j = 1, 2, 3 . . .jmaxk).jmaxk = total number of deviation calculations with a chord length 2ks along a survey line.jmaxk = total number of deviation calculations with a chord length 2ks along a surv
30、ey line.k = number of spaces of length s between the survey points used for deviation calculations.kmaxL = maximum number (rounded down to an integer) of spaces of length s that can be used for deviation calculationsfor imaxL survey points (kmaxL = 5 unless otherwise specified).kmaxL = maximum numbe
31、r (rounded down to an integer) of spaces of length s that can be used for deviation calculationsfor imaxL survey points (kmaxL= 5 unless otherwise specified).L = designation of survey lines (L = 1, 2, 3 . . . Lmax).L = designation of survey lines (L = 1, 2, 3 . . . Lmax).LADk = length-adjusted RMS d
32、eviation based on points spaced at ks and a reference length of Lr.LADk = length-adjusted RMS deviation based on points spaced at ks and a reference length of Lr.Lg = total number of survey spaces between primary axles of a vehicle used as the basis for longitudinal analysis of eachpair of survey li
33、nes representing the wheel paths of defined wheel path traffic. Lg equals the integer result of theprimary axle spacing, in metres divided by s.Lmax = number of survey lines on the test surface.Lr = reference length of 3 m, the length to which the RMS deviations, RMS Dk, from chord lengths other tha
34、n 3 m areadjusted.Lr = reference length of 3 m, the length to which the RMS deviations, RMS Dk, from chord lengths other than 3 m areadjusted.LDi = longitudinal elevation difference between corresponding pairs of points separated by Lg of defined wheel paths,mm (i = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL Lg).LDi = lo
35、ngitudinal elevation difference between corresponding pairs of points separated by Lg of defined wheel paths,mm (i = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL Lg).LDCi = incremental change in longitudinal elevation difference, LDi along defined wheel path traffic wheel paths, mm/m(i = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL Lg 1).LDCi = i
36、ncremental change in longitudinal elevation difference, LDi along defined wheel path traffic wheel paths, mm/m(i = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL Lg 1).Lx = designation of the pair of survey lines used for defined wheel path traffic analysis.mhd = mean elevation of each 4.5-m section of survey line, L, mm (d
37、= 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL 4.5/s).mhd = mean elevation of each 4.5-m section of survey line, L, mm (d = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL 4.5/s).msd = mean slope of the least squares fit line of each 4.5-m section of survey line, L, mm/m (d = 1, 2, 3 . . .(imaxL 4.5/s).msd = mean slope of the least squares fit line
38、of each 4.5-m section of survey line, L, mm/m (d = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxL 4.5/s).n L = total number of calculated deviations for survey line L (equal to the sum of the values of jmax k for all values ofk that are used). nL is a weighting factor used in calculating both the waviness and surface wavines
39、s indices.nL = total number of calculated deviations for survey line L (equal to the sum of the values of jmaxk for all values ofk that are used). nL is a weighting factor used in calculating both the waviness and surface waviness indices.RMS Dk = root mean square of chord midpoint offset deviations
40、, Dkj, based on points spaced at ks.RMS Dk = root mean square of chord midpoint offset deviations, Dkj, based on points spaced at ks.RMS LDLx = root mean square of longitudinal elevation differences, LDi, on paired wheel path survey lines for defined wheelpath traffic, with primary axles separated b
41、y Lg, mm.RMS LDLx = root mean square of longitudinal elevation differences, LDi, on paired wheel path survey lines for defined wheelpath traffic, with primary axles separated by Lg, mm.RMS TDLx = root mean square of transverse elevation differences, TDi, on paired wheel path survey lines for defined
42、 wheel pathtraffic, mm.RMS TDLx = root mean square of transverse elevation differences, TDi, on paired wheel path survey lines for defined wheel pathtraffic, mm.RMS LVL = RMS levelness, calculated as the root mean square slope of each survey line, L, mm/m.RMS LVL = RMS levelness, calculated as the r
43、oot mean square slope of each survey line, L, mm/m.s = spacing between adjacent survey points along a survey line (0.3 m unless a smaller value is stated), m.SWI = surface waviness index determined by combining the waviness indices of all the survey lines on the test surface,mm.TDi = transverse elev
44、ation difference between corresponding points of defined wheel path traffic wheel paths, mm (i =1, 2, 3 . . . imaxLx).TDi = transverse elevation difference between corresponding points of defined wheel path traffic wheel paths, mm (i =1, 2, 3 . . . imaxLx).E1486M 143TDCi = incremental change in tran
45、sverse elevation difference, TDi along defined wheel path traffic wheel paths, mm/m(i = 1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxLx 1).TDCi = incremental change in transverse elevation difference, TDi along defined wheel path traffic wheel paths, mm/m (i =1, 2, 3 . . . (imaxLx1).WI L = waviness index for survey line L wi
46、th chord length range from 0.6 to 3.0 m unless a different range is stated, mm.WIL = waviness index for survey line L with chord length range from 0.6 to 3.0 m unless a different range is stated, mm.3.3 Sign ConventionUp is the positive direction; consequently, the higher the survey point, the large
47、r its hi value.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 EquationsEquations are provided to determine the following characteristics:4.1.1 Waviness Index Equations:4.1.1.1 RMS Dk = RMS deviation (see Eq 4).4.1.1.2 LADk = length-adjusted deviation (see Eq 5).4.1.1.3 WIL = waviness index (see Eq 6 and 7Eqs 6 and 7)
48、. ).4.1.1.4 SWI = surface waviness index (see Eq 8).4.1.1.5 |Dkj| = absolute value of the length adjusted deviation (see Eq 24).4.1.2 Defined Wheel Path Traffc Equations:4.1.2.1 TDi = transverse elevation difference between the wheel paths of defined wheel path traffic (see Eq 9).4.1.2.2 TDCi = tran
49、sverse change in elevation difference between wheel paths of defined wheel path traffic (see Eq 10).4.1.2.3 RMS TDLx = RMS transverse elevation difference between wheel paths of defined wheel path traffic (see Eq 11).4.1.2.4 LDi = longitudinal elevation difference between front and rear axles on wheel paths of defined wheel path traffic (seeEq 12).4.1.2.5 LDCi = longitudinal change in elevation difference between front and rear axles on wheel paths of defined wheel pathtraffic (see Eq 13).4.1.2.6 RMS LDLx = RMS longitudinal ele
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