1、Designation: E1494 92 (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Practice forEncapsulants for Spray- or Trowel-Applied FriableAsbestos-Containing Building Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers encapsulants intended to reduce
3、oreliminate the release of asbestos fibers from a matrix of friablespray- or trowel-applied asbestos-containing materials.1.2 This practice includes: (1) a series of laboratory tests toshow whether an encapsulant is capable of acceptable perfor-mance on a specified asbestos-free model matrix, and (2
4、)aseries of determinations to be conducted in the field at eachlocation for which encapsulation has been accepted, to showwhether a given encapsulant is acceptable on the specificasbestos-containing matrix.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses
5、 are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pr
6、ior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD4226 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly-(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building ProductsD4240 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration inWorkplace Atmospher
7、e3E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE605 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of SprayedFire-Resistive Material (SFRM) Applied to StructuralMembersE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE
8、736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersE849 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Asbestos32.2 ANSI Standards:Z9.2 Fundamentals Governing Design and Operations ofLocal Exhaust Systems4Z88.1 Prac
9、tices for Respiratory Protections42.3 Other Standards:1-GP-205M205 Sealer for Application to Asbestos-FiberReleasing Materials52.4 OSHA Regulations:29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of building terms, refer toTerminology E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to
10、This Standard:3.2.1 bridging encapsulant, nan encapsulant that forms adiscrete layer on the surface of an in situ asbestos matrix.3.2.2 encapsulant, nfor friable asbestos-containing build-ing materials, a water insoluble material that surrounds orembeds asbestos in an adhesive matrix to prevent rele
11、ase offibers.3.2.3 matrix, na combination of one or more materialsthat provides a representative specimen of the system combi-nation.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM E06 on Performance ofBuildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 on Serviceability.Current editi
12、on approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1494 92 (2002).DOI: 10.1520/E1494-92R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
13、of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 100
14、36, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Canadian General Standards Board, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1G6Canada.6Available from Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, 1825 DSt. NW, Washington, DC 20006.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
15、959, United States.3.2.4 penetrating encapsulant, nan encapsulant that isabsorbed by an in situ asbestos matrix without leaving adiscrete surface layer.3.2.5 substrate, na structural building component towhich a surfacing material is applied.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this practice is
16、 to provide criteria for theselection of an encapsulant once the decision to encapsulate anasbestos installation has been made. It is assumed that the usersof this practice have already made a decision to encapsulatefriable asbestos-containing material and that this decision isappropriate. Test Meth
17、od D4240 and Practice E849 shall beconsulted for the measurement of airborne fibrous materials inthe environmental air space.4.2 Since existing asbestos-containing materials installed inbuildings may have been applied for a variety of purposes inaddition to fire-resistance, encapsulant properties an
18、d perfor-mance characteristics not addressed in this practice may beimportant for preservation of original qualities of the asbestos-containing material and should be considered.4.3 The results of the test methods described in this practiceon nonasbestos-containing materials will not necessarily pre
19、-dict encapsulant performance on friable asbestos-containingbuilding materials. These test methods are designed to charac-terize the behavior of the encapsulants, rather than to give adefinitive indication of their performance on any particularfriable asbestos-containg materials.4.4 The test methods
20、 described in this practice measurecharacteristics of encapsulants in order to retain essentialproperties of the building material intended for encapsulation.5. Laboratory Test Specimens5.1 Tests shall be conducted on replicate matrices (fibrousor cementitious) at the following specified thicknesses
21、: 10 and40 mm (38 and 112 in.), respectively.5.1.1 The inorganic fibrous test matrices shall consist of acommercially available blend of factory mixed mineral fiberand inorganic binders of fire resistive composition designed forspray application.7The inorganic cementitious test matricesshall consist
22、 of a commercially available factory mixed blendof lightweight aggregate and inorganic binder of fire-resistivecomposition designed for wet-mixed spray application.75.1.2 The sprayed fibrous matrix shall have the followingproperties:5.1.2.1 A flame spread index of 25 or less and smokedeveloped value
23、 of 50 or less when tested in accordance withTest Method E84.5.1.2.2 The density of the dry spray-applied matrix shall be160 to 224 kg/m3(10 to 14 lb/ft3) as measured in accordancewith Test Methods E605.5.1.3 The sprayed cementitious matrix shall have the fol-lowing properties:5.1.3.1 A flame spread
24、 index of 25 or less and smokedeveloped value of 50 or less when tested in accordance withTest Method E84.5.1.3.2 The density of the dry spray-applied matrix shall be240 to 320 kg/m3(15 to 20 lb/ft3) as measured in accordancewith Test Methods E605.5.1.4 Prior to the application of the encapsulant, t
25、he sprayedfibrous or cementitious test matrix shall cure sufficiently toobtain the specified constant weight that shall be measured andrecorded.5.1.5 Panels of the cured spray-applied matrices shall bemounted in a rack that holds them in an overhead position tosimulate ceiling application (the most
26、severe condition foundin the field). Encapsulants shall be applied with equipmentequivalent to that used for application under field conditions.5.1.6 After application of encapsulant to the test substrate,allow it to dry according to manufacturers instruction. Fulldrying is usually confirmed when th
27、ere is less than 0.1 %change in weight of the test specimen over 24 h.5.2 For all laboratory tests, apply the encapsulant to separatereplicate matrices at both the maximum and minimum rate asdescribed in the individual test procedures.5.3 Conditioning Cycles for Laboratory SpecimensAfterdrying, cond
28、ition the treated specimens for three days at 25 62C (73 6 4F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity prior totesting, unless otherwise indicated in the individual testmethod.6. Laboratory Test Requirements6.1 Cohesion and Adhesion Test (Annex A1):6.1.1 The cohesion and adhesion test values shall determinew
29、hether or not the encapsulant affects adversely the cohesiveand adhesive strength of the specified test matrix whenperformed in accordance with the test method in Annex A1.6.1.2 Acceptance CriterionThe force required to causefailure of the encapsulated matrix shall not be less than theadhesion or co
30、hesion force required to cause failure of theunencapsulated matrix, and in no case shall the load be lessthan 2.4 kPa (50 lbf/ft2).6.2 Penetration Test (Annex A2):6.2.1 The penetration test values shall determine whether ornot the encapsulant shall be classified as a penetrating encap-sulant or brid
31、ging encapsulant, in accordance with the testmethod in Annex A2. Encapsulation coverage rate used toprepare specimens for testing shall be the saturation (maxi-mum) coverage rate as determined in 7.2.6.2.2 Acceptance CriterionIf penetration to a depth of 10mm (38 in.) of the 40-mm (112-in.) matrix o
32、ccurs, the productis classified as a penetrating encapsulant. Products havinglesser penetrations are classified as bridging encapsulants.Differing fibrous matrices as installed in the field may affect thepenetration rate. Determination of penetration as described in7.2 and A1.7.2.1 is imperative.6.3
33、 Fire Resistance Test (Annex A3):6.3.1 The fire-resistance test is conducted to determine ifsignificant changes in the fire resistance of asbestos containingmaterials will occur because of application of the encapsulant.6.3.2 Acceptance Criterion:7The following materials have been found suitable for
34、 this purpose; Blaze Shieldas manufactured by U.S. Mineral Products Co., Stanhope, NJ 07874, or Monokoteas manufactured by W.R. Grace and Co., 62 Whittemore Avenue, Cambridge, MA02140.E1494 92 (2010)26.3.2.1 The sprayed material with the encapsulating agent inplace shall not fall from the steel deck
35、 during the fire test inamounts greater than for the unencapsulated matrix.6.3.2.2 If the endpoint of the fire test on the steel deckprotected with the encapsulated sprayed material does notdiffer unfavorably from the endpoint of the fire test on the steeldeck protected with the unencapsulated spray
36、ed material bymore than 10 %, the encapsulant shall be deemed not to affectthe fire-resistance rating of an assembly protected with sprayedmaterial.6.4 Surface Burning Characteristics Test (Annex A4):6.4.1 The surface burning characteristics test shall deter-mine the surface flamespread and smoke de
37、veloped for sprayedor troweled asbestos-containing materials treated with anencapsulating agent.6.4.2 Acceptance Criteria:6.4.2.1 The surface flamespread shall not be greater than 25.6.4.2.2 The smoke developed values shall not be greaterthan 50.6.4.2.3 All encapsulants shall be water insoluble afte
38、r cur-ing when tested in accordance with Practices D543.6.5 Impact Resistance Test:6.5.1 The impact resistance test shall measure the resistanceof the encapsulated matrix to impact.6.5.1.1 The test shall be conducted using the impact tester8described in Test Methods D4226: a weight of known surfacea
39、rea and known weight shall be raised a given distance abovethe steel panel and dropped, giving a known force of impact(measured in inch-pounds) that will produce a minimumpenetration of 7.6 mm (310 in.) into the encapsulated matrix.6.5.2 Acceptance Criterion:6.5.2.1 The force to produce a minimum pe
40、netration into theencapsulated matrix of 7.6 mm (310 in.) shall not be less than43 in.lbf.7. Field Test Requirements7.1 Field tests shall be conducted under inspection orobservation of the owner of the building in which the encap-sulation application is taking place, or of the building ownersdesigna
41、ted representative.7.2 Coverage (Thickness) Rate, for encapsulants used in thefield tests shall be at the level required by the matrix systemfield installation, as established by spraying a test area (testpatch) using the specified encapsulant.7.2.1 For penetrating encapsulants, the coverage rate to
42、achieve encapsulation is the saturation (maximum) coveragerate for the particular asbestos-containing material. Saturationis achieved when no further absorption of the encapsulant intothe matrix is observed. Coverage shall be reported as liquidvolume applied per unit area.7.2.2 For bridging encapsul
43、ants, the coverage rate toachieve encapsulation occurs when a void-free uniform coatingis formed over the surface of the matrix. Application quantitymust be sufficient to achieve the manufacturers minimumdry-thickness requirements. Coverage shall be reported asliquid volume per unit area.8. Required
44、 Field Test8.1 Cohesion/Adhesion Test:8.1.1 The cohesion/adhesion test shall determine whetherthe encapsulant affects adversely the in situ cohesive andadhesive strength of the friable asbestos-containing installationand shall be in accordance with Annex A1.8.1.2 The force required to cause failure
45、of the encapsulatedmatrix shall not be less than the adhesion or cohesion forcerequired to cause failure of the unencapsulated matrix; in nocase shall the load-holding capabilities of the unencapsulatedmatrix be less than the load imposed by the applied encapsu-lation materials.9. Keywords9.1 asbest
46、os; bridging encapsulant; encapsulant; penetratingencapsulantANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. TEST METHOD TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF ENCAPSULANT ON COHESION/ADHESION OF FRIABLESPRAYOR TROWEL-APPLIED ASBESTOS-CONTAINING BUILDING MATERIALSA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for deter
47、miningthe effect of an encapsulant on the cohesion/adhesion strengthmeasured perpendicular to the surface of friable spray- ortrowel-applied building materials. This test method is appli-cable to both laboratory and field procedures and indicated inA1.6.A1.2 Referenced DocumentsA1.2.1 ASTM Standard:
48、E736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersA1.2.2 OSHA Regulations:29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos58This apparatus may be obtained commercially from: Gardner Laboratory, Inc.,Bethesda, MD 20014, or Custom Scientific Instruments, Inc., P.O. Box A
49、,Whippany, NJ 07981, or Testing Machines, Inc., 400 Bayview Ave., Amityville, LI,NY 11701.E1494 92 (2010)3A1.3 Summary of Test MethodA1.3.1 The property of cohesive/adhesive strength is deter-mined using a metal dish with a hook and having a spring-loaded scale or weights attached to the materials by a two-component polyurethane resin adhesive system and thereaftermanual application of increasing force until failure occurs.A1.4 Significance and UseA1.4.1 This test method measures the force required toseparate either untreated or encapsulated material from the
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