1、Designation: E 1503 06Standard Test Method forConducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a DigitalStatistical Sound Analysis System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1503; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is one of a series of standards on the measurement and evaluation of community noise. Othe
3、rsin the series include Guide E 1014 which covers manual measurement, using a simple meter, andanalysis of the resulting data, Guide E 1779, which covers preparation of a measurement plan forconducting outdoor sound measurements, and Guide E 1780, which covers measurement of soundreceived from a nea
4、rby fixed source. Also, under consideration or in preparation as supportingdocument, is a draft standard guide for determining the validity and significance of data obtained usingthis test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of outdoorsound levels at specific locations using a
5、 digital statisticalsound analysis system and a formal measurement plan.1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements forobtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of relateddata. However, because there are numerous circumstances andvaried objectives requiring multiple sets of data,
6、 the testmethod does not address planning of the measurement pro-gram.1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using thistest method include, but are not limited to, the following:1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,1.2.2 To characterize the sound emissions of a specif
7、icsound source which exhibits a temporal variation in soundoutput, and1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of a noise impact miti-gation plan.1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunctionwith a measurement plan that references this test method.Changes or additions to the provisions of thi
8、s test method shallbe clearly stated in the plan.1.3.1 In the event it is necessary, for example, because oftime constraints, to conduct measurements without first for-malizing a plan, this test method can be used if an operator/observer whose qualifications are satisfactory to both theperforming or
9、ganization and the client is present at all timesduring the measurements and who complies, to the extentpossible, with all the applicable requirements of this testmethod, including record keeping.1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable com-parison of sound level data with appropriate cri
10、teria.1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used inthe derivation of loudness levels provided the necessaryrequirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidthare observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that aspecialist in the area of loudness evaluation be consulted
11、 inpreparing a plan for measurements intended to produce datawhich will be used for this purpose.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concer
12、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 634 Terminology Relating to Environment
13、al AcousticsE 1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-WeightedSound LevelsE 1779 Guide for Preparing a Measurement Plan for Con-ducting Outdoor Sound Measurements1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 onEnvironmentalAcoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
14、e E33.09 onCommunity Noise.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 150305.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu
15、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 1780 Guide for Measuring Outdoor Sound Received froma Nearby Fixed Source2
16、.2 ANSI Standards:S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters3S1.11 Specifications for Octave-Band and FractionalOctave-Band Analog and Digital Filters3S1.13 Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels3S1.40 Specification for Acoustical Calibrators3S1.43 Specifications of Integrating-Averaging Sound LevelMet
17、ers3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms, including the following used inthis test method, see Terminology C 634: dummy microphone,interference, impulsive sound, measurement plan, measure-ment set, percentile level, self noise and time-average soundlevel.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Thi
18、s Standard:3.2.1 digital statistical sound analysis system combina-tion of a sound level meter, either analog or digital, interfacedwith a digital data storage device, and a digital statisticalanalyzer, for sampling environmental sound levels over aspecified timed interval.3.2.1.1 DiscussionFor the
19、purposes of this test method, ageneric analyzer having the necessary features for the intendedmeasurement and meeting the requirements of ANSI S1.4,ANSI S1.11, and ANSI S1.43 is assumed.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniqueswhich are well defined and which are
20、understood by a trainedacoustical professional. This test method has been prepared toprovide a standard methodology which, when followed, willproduce results which are consistent with requirements ofgovernment and industry, and which can be validated usinginformation gathered and documented in the c
21、ourse of themeasurement program.4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor soundlevel data are required. These include, but are not limited to thefollowing:4.2.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introductionof a new sound source as a reference for assessment of thenoise impact cause
22、d by a proposed facility and associatedactivities,4.2.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without aspecific source (for example, assessment of the impact of anexisting source), and4.2.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatorylimits (for example, indication of exceedance of criteria
23、ornon-compliance with laws).4.3 This test method provides a means for operating a soundanalysis system which incorporates digital circuits for process-ing and storing sound level data, documenting conditions underwhich the measurements were performed, and reporting theresults.4.4 This test method pr
24、ovides the user with information to(1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor soundlevel over specific time periods at specified places, and (2)make and document the physical observations necessary toqualify the measurements.4.5 This test method can be used by individuals, regulatoryag
25、encies, or others as a measurement method to collectacoustical data for many common situations. The data arecollected in a format determined by the capabilities of theequipment, equipment operational options selected, and bypost-processing options available.4.6 The user is cautioned that there are m
26、any factors thatcan strongly influence the results obtained during measurementof outdoor sound levels and that this test method is notintended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts inthe field of acoustics. This test method is intended to facilitatecommunication between sound measuremen
27、t professionals andindividuals who are responsible for administering regulations,or are otherwise involved in decisions involving sound mea-surements. Measurements shall be performed only under thedirection of people who are experienced in the measurementand analysis of outdoor sound, and who are th
28、oroughly familiarwith the use of the equipment and techniques involved.4.7 This test method is only a measurement procedure and,as such, does not address the methods of comparison of theacquired data with specific criteria. No procedures are providedwithin this test method for estimating the influen
29、ces of two ormore simultaneously measured sounds. This test method canbe used, with an appropriate plan, in establishing compliancewhen the measured data are below a specified limit, orconversely, establishing noncompliance when any of the dataare above a specified limit.5. Interferences5.1 Measurem
30、ents intended to provide detailed spectral andtemporal sound level data are subject to interferences from anumber of sources. The most significant of these are mentionedbriefly in paragraphs 5.1-5.9. The user of this test method isreferred to Guide E 1779 for the full details of interferencesand rec
31、ommended practices for avoiding or minimizing theeffects of the interferences mentioned here. Normally themeasurement plan will include a requirement to have anoperator/observer present at all times during the performanceof outdoor sound measurements. The observer, in addition tomonitoring potential
32、 interferences, such as wind, precipitation,and site visitors, shall interrupt or terminate the measurementswhen the pending or existing interference is judged to besignificant, or when guideline limits in the measurement planare exceeded. The operator/observer, as well as any visitors orsupport sta
33、ff shall be made aware of the importance of notengaging in activities which create extraneous sounds. Ex-amples of activities to be avoided while measurements are inprogress are talking, walking on gravel, leaves, or twigs, use ofradio-telephones (electromagnetic interference), or operatingvehicle e
34、ngines.5.2 Effects of Wind:5.2.1 Interaction of the wind with the microphone mayinfluence the results of sound level measurements even with awindscreen in place. Even for wind speeds below 20 km/h (123Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.
35、E1503062mph) special care must be used if sound levels are very low orif measuring fractional band, C-weighted, or flat frequency-weighted levels. Higher wind speeds can be tolerated forhigh-sound levels or if a windscreen designed for high-windspeeds is used. Manufacturers instructions for operatio
36、n inwind shall be followed. Appropriate guidelines for measure-ments in wind are included in Guide E 1779.5.2.2 If maximum wind speeds are not addressed in themeasurement plan, manufacturers instructions shall be fol-lowed with respect to analyzer limitations under windy condi-tions.5.2.3 Propagatio
37、n of sound from a source will be influencedby the direction of the wind relative to the source andmeasurement positions. In some situations it may be desirableto make such measurements at different times of the year indifferent wind conditions to fully identify the acousticalcharacter of the environ
38、ment.5.3 Effects of Moisture and High Humidity:5.3.1 Measurable precipitation almost always influencesoutdoor sound levels. For example, tires rolling on a pavedsurface produce higher sound levels when the pavement is wet.Fallen snow may affect the propagation of sound. Dataobtained under such condi
39、tions shall be retained but carefullymarked so that these data may be used with caution insubsequent analysis.5.3.2 High relative humidity, generally over 90 %, caninfluence certain preamplifiers and microphones, especiallyair-condenser microphones. Microphone manufacturers in-structions shall be fo
40、llowed under high-humidity conditions.5.4 In situations involving impulsive sound events, the usershould be aware that the fast and slow exponential timeweighting typically used to measure continuous sound do notappropriately quantify impulsive sound. To obtain accuratemeasurement of impulsive sound
41、s, other methods (for ex-ample, see ANSI S1.13) shall be used in conjunction with thistest method. The presence of impulsive sounds shall be notedin the report. Any measurements in which data other than anarrative description of the impulsive sounds are obtained shallrequire a measurement plan which
42、 prescribes the samplingrate, system response, and other pertinent guidelines. The planshall also include reference to standards that provide guidance.5.5 Care shall always be taken to position the microphoneaway from acoustically reflective surfaces which are notnormally present at the location spe
43、cified by the measurementplan. This includes any vehicle used in connection with themeasurement program. In the absence of guidance from ameasurement plan, the microphone shall be placed away fromany such acoustically reflective surface by at least 212 times themajor dimension of that surface.5.6 El
44、ectromagnetic radiation from high-voltage transmis-sion lines, either overhead or underground, or strong televisionor radio signals may affect the measurement system, causing ahigh, erroneous indication. The operator should use cautionwhen this type of equipment is nearby, being especially carefulto
45、 avoid being directly under power lines, in the ground-planearray of transmitters, or close to transformers. Anomaliescaused by such interference can usually be detected by usingthe earphones with the analyzer a-c output.5.7 A problem related to power lines is the generation ofsound by aeolian strum
46、ming, or buzzing or rattling by wireswhich are not tightly secured to insulators near a power line.Noise from power lines can increase significantly with highhumidity, especially during light rain. In a quiet rural environ-ment such sounds can often influence or even dominate thebackground level. Th
47、is is an example of a noise source whichrequires careful consideration when choosing a measurementlocation. For guidance in determining if such sounds are part ofthe ambient or constitute interference, determine if the sound ispart of the ambient at a point for which the ambient is to becharacterize
48、d. If it is, it shall be measured. If the sound can bedefined as an interference, one which masks an area-widebaseline, the measurement location shall be moved to a point atwhich the contribution of the source is at a level morerepresentative of its area-wide level. The only way to avoidsuch interfe
49、rence is to avoid measurement locations close topower poles or lines when the measurement plan does notrequire a specific location.5.8 Temperature inversions, wind and other meteorologicalconditions may strongly influence the propagation of soundover long distances. Therefore, when sound from sources athorizontal distances of about 300 m (1000 ft) or more need tobe measured, it may be desirable to make measurements atdifferent times of the year in different weather conditions tofully identify the acoustical character of the environment.5.9 During certain times of the year, natura
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