1、Designation: E 1518 05Standard Practice forEvaluation of Physical Compatibility of Pesticides inAqueous Tank Mixtures by the Dynamic Shaker Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the method for the evaluation ofthe physical compatibilit
3、y and stability of pesticide tankmixtures diluted for aqueous application. This practice mayalso be adapted to use with liquid fertilizers in replacement ofthe water diluent.1.2 Tank mix compatibility can be affected by many vari-ables. Care should be taken to duplicate test conditions. Thispractice
4、 addresses the standard variables such as time, tem-perature, water hardness, method of agitation, and degree ofagitation.1.3 Compatibility is complex and can be affected by othervariables such as order of addition, pH of the dilution water,pumping shear, etc. Under the parameters of this practice,
5、theresults will define whether the pesticide mixture is or is notcompatible in the laboratory. Compatibility or incompatibilityshould be confirmed under field spray conditions.1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be takenwhen working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin oreye contac
6、t, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamina-tion.1.5 Read and follow all handling instructions for the specificformulation and conduct the test in accordance with goodlaboratory practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It
7、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3. Summary of Practice3.1 In this practice
8、, pesticides are diluted in water and tankmixed at specific application rates. Evaluations are conductedunder dynamic conditions. Pesticides are mixed and kept underagitation by a mechanical shaker. Evaluations are conducted atchosen water hardnesses and temperatures. Compatibility ismeasured in ter
9、ms of the dispersion stability and screenresidue.3.2 Pesticides being examined for mixing compatibilityshould be evaluated individually as controls.3.3 Order of AdditionPesticides should be tank mixed asrecommended on the product label. If the order of the additionis not specified, then all possible
10、 orders of addition should betested. The following is a general guide: (1) waster solubleconcentrates, (2) water dispersible granules (dry flowables), (3)wettable powders, (4) liquid flowables, and (5) emulsifiableconcentrates.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is designed for researchers, app
11、licators,and end users of pesticides where one or more ingredients arebeing mixed into an aqueous spray system. The practice isuseful in determining physical compatibility of aqueous spraymixtures of pesticides and/or fertilizers.4.2 The practice is not designed to determine physicalcompatibility of
12、 non-aqueous based spray mixtures.4.3 THe results or the testing should be used to determinethe compatibility of the mixture ingredients in dynamic appli-cations. Interpolation of static results to the expectations of theresults of this test is not encouraged.5. Apparatus5.1 Graduated Cylinder, 100
13、mL, glass-stoppered.5.2 Pipets, graduated, wide tip, serological, various deliveryvolumes.5.3 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g.5.4 Sieve, US Standard, 50 mesh (300 microns), 3-in.diameter.35.5 Wide-Mouth Jars, 4 oz with polyethylene seal cups.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35
14、on Pesticidesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulationand Application Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005 . Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 1508 - 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
15、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Other sieve mesh sizes may be used as defined by field-use applications.1Copyright ASTM Internat
16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.6 Shaker, wrist action, Burrell Model 75 or equivalent.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall co
17、nform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Societywhere such specifications are available.4Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of th
18、e determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type IV of Specification D 1193.56.3 Synthetic Hard Water StockTransfer 12.14 g of anhy-drous calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 5.55 g of magnesiumchloride hexahydrate
19、(MgCl26H2O) to a 1000-mL volumetricflask. Dissolve the reagents with approximately 750 mL ofwater and equilibrate to 20C. Dilute the solution to 1000 mLtotal volume with water at 20C, stopper the flask, and mixthoroughly. This mixture is equivalent to 13 680 ppm ascalcium carbonate (CaCO3) and is ba
20、sed on a compositionalratio of 4:1 calcium carbonate to magnesium carbonate.6.4 Synthetic Hard WaterSynthetic waters can be pre-pared by using the following calculation:Desired water hardness65 13.154 3 mL of hard water, ppm, stockat 20C to be diluted to 1000 mL (1)7. Procedure7.1 Dynamic Shaker Met
21、hod:7.1.1 Transfer into a 4-oz jar, 100 mL of water of desiredhardness less the total amount of pesticide specified in 7.1.2and 7.1.4.NOTE 1Maintain a 25 6 2C temperature throughout the test.77.1.2 Add a specified amount, according to the product labeldirections, of the first pesticide to the jar. D
22、eliver liquidpesticides with a pipet or weigh in solid pesticides.7.1.3 Swirl the jar to ensure that the first pesticide is welldispersed.7.1.4 Add a specified amount, according to the product labeldirections, of each additional pesticide to the jar used in 7.1.2.Deliver as in Section 7.1.2. After e
23、ach pesticide addition, capthe jar and swirl sufficiently to disperse the mixture.7.1.5 Place the jar in the shaker. The jar should be perpen-dicular and at approximately a 45 angle to the horizontal shaftof the shaker.7.1.6 Shake for 30 min with the shaker intensity leveradjusted to ten.7.1.7 Remov
24、e from the shaker and swirl the jar; immedi-ately pour the contents through a 50-mesh sieve.7Observe forresidue remaining both on the sieve and in the jar, recordingamount and type as described in 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.7.1.8 Rinse the jar with two 50-mL portions of test water,pouring each through the 50-m
25、esh sieve. Observe for residueas in 7.1.7.7.1.9 Discard the contents in a safe manner.8. Report8.1 The results of this practice should be reported as eithercompatible or incompatible.8.1.1 CompatibleThe formulation of a well-dispersedmixture of pesticides in water. No nonrinsable residue found onthe
26、 50-mesh sieve or remaining on bottle walls should beconsidered compatible.8.1.2 IncompatibleSeparation of the mixture of pesticidesin water where flocculation, coagulation, gel, or curd foundduring or at the end of the test that will not redisperse nor passthrough the 50-mesh sieve should be consid
27、ered incompatible.Any residue as described previously found remaining on thebottle should be considered incompatible.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Eight laboratories participated in a collective study todetermine the precision and bias of this test method. This studywas conducted by sending an emulsifiab
28、le concentrate and asuspension concentrate along with liquid fertilizer to partici-pating laboratories.9.2 PrecisionOnly 1 out of the 8 laboratories had differ-ences in their findings. After evaluation of the difference aninterpretation error was revealed. All other laboratories agreedwith the resul
29、ts.9.3 BiasSince no known reference value for compatibilityexists no bias statement could be determined for this testmethod.10. Keywords10.1 aqueous spray mixtures; compatibility; pesticidesprays; spray mixtures; tank mix compatibility4“Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,” A
30、m. Chemi-cal Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see “Reagent Chemicals and Standards,” by JosephRosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, NY, and the “United StatesPharmacopeia.”5Type IV grade reagent water may be prepared b
31、y distillation, ion exchange,reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or a combination thereof.6It is recommended that total hardness be checked according to Test MethodMT-73, CIPAC Test Method for Calcium and Magnesium in Water, where the valueis represented as CaCO3. A value within 65 % of the nominal ha
32、rdness value isacceptable.7Various water hardnesses and temperatures may be examined as defined byfield-use applications.E1518052ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
33、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
34、revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which yo
35、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E1518053
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