1、Designation: E1518 05 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Physical Compatibility of Pesticides inAqueous Tank Mixtures by the Dynamic Shaker Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the method for the evaluation ofthe physic
3、al compatibility and stability of pesticide tankmixtures diluted for aqueous application. This practice mayalso be adapted to use with liquid fertilizers in replacement ofthe water diluent.1.2 Tank mix compatibility can be affected by many vari-ables. Care should be taken to duplicate test condition
4、s. Thispractice addresses the standard variables such as time, tem-perature, water hardness, method of agitation, and degree ofagitation.1.3 Compatibility is complex and can be affected by othervariables such as order of addition, pH of the dilution water,pumping shear, etc. Under the parameters of
5、this practice, theresults will define whether the pesticide mixture is or is notcompatible in the laboratory. Compatibility or incompatibilityshould be confirmed under field spray conditions.1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be takenwhen working with pesticide formulations to prevent sk
6、in oreye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamina-tion.1.5 Read and follow all handling instructions for the specificformulation and conduct the test in accordance with goodlaboratory practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measuremen
7、t are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitatio
8、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent Water3. Summary of Practice3.1 In this practice, pesticides are diluted in water and tankmixed at specific application rates. Evaluations are conductedunder dynamic conditions. Pesticides are mixed and kept un
9、deragitation by a mechanical shaker. Evaluations are conducted atchosen water hardnesses and temperatures. Compatibility ismeasured in terms of the dispersion stability and screenresidue.3.2 Pesticides being examined for mixing compatibilityshould be evaluated individually as controls.3.3 Order of A
10、dditionPesticides should be tank mixed asrecommended on the product label. If the order of the additionis not specified, then all possible orders of addition should betested. The following is a general guide: (1) waster solubleconcentrates, (2) water dispersible granules (dry flowables), (3)wettable
11、 powders, (4) liquid flowables, and (5) emulsifiableconcentrates.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is designed for researchers, applicators,and end users of pesticides where one or more ingredients arebeing mixed into an aqueous spray system. The practice isuseful in determining physical comp
12、atibility of aqueous spraymixtures of pesticides and/or fertilizers.4.2 The practice is not designed to determine physicalcompatibility of non-aqueous based spray mixtures.4.3 THe results or the testing should be used to determinethe compatibility of the mixture ingredients in dynamic appli-cations.
13、 Interpolation of static results to the expectations of theresults of this test is not encouraged.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides,Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulatio
14、ns and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1508 05. DOI:10.1520/E1518-05R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
15、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 Graduated Cylinder, 100 mL, glass-stoppered
16、.5.2 Pipets, graduated, wide tip, serological, various deliveryvolumes.5.3 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g.5.4 Sieve, US Standard, 50 mesh (300 microns), 3-in.diameter.NOTE 1Other sieve mesh sizes may be used as defined by field-useapplications.5.5 Wide-Mouth Jars, 4 oz with polyethylene seal cups.5.6 Sh
17、aker, wrist action, Burrell Model 75 or equivalent.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Soc
18、ietywhere such specifications are available.3Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be unders
19、tood to mean reagent water as definedby Type IV of Specification D1193.NOTE 2Type IV grade reagent water may be prepared by distillation,ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or a combination thereof.6.3 Synthetic Hard Water StockTransfer 12.14 g of anhy-drous calcium chloride (CaCl2) and
20、5.55 g of magnesiumchloride hexahydrate (MgCl26H2O) to a 1000-mL volumetricflask. Dissolve the reagents with approximately 750 mL ofwater and equilibrate to 20C. Dilute the solution to 1000 mLtotal volume with water at 20C, stopper the flask, and mixthoroughly. This mixture is equivalent to 13 680 p
21、pm ascalcium carbonate (CaCO3) and is based on a compositionalratio of 4:1 calcium carbonate to magnesium carbonate.6.4 Synthetic Hard WaterSynthetic waters can be pre-pared by using the following calculation:Desired water hardness 5 13.154 3 mL of hard water, ppm, stockat 20C to be diluted to 1000
22、mL (1)NOTE 3It is recommended that total hardness be checked according toTest Method MT-73, CIPAC Test Method for Calcium and Magnesium inWater, where the value is represented as CaCO3. A value within 65%ofthe nominal hardness value is acceptable.7. Procedure7.1 Dynamic Shaker Method:7.1.1 Transfer
23、into a 4-oz jar, 100 mL of water of desiredhardness less the total amount of pesticide specified in 7.1.2and 7.1.4.NOTE 4Maintain a 25 6 2C temperature throughout the test.NOTE 5Various water hardnesses and temperatures may be examinedas defined by field-use applications.7.1.2 Add a specified amount
24、, according to the product labeldirections, of the first pesticide to the jar. Deliver liquidpesticides with a pipet or weigh in solid pesticides.7.1.3 Swirl the jar to ensure that the first pesticide is welldispersed.7.1.4 Add a specified amount, according to the product labeldirections, of each ad
25、ditional pesticide to the jar used in 7.1.2.Deliver as in Section 7.1.2. After each pesticide addition, capthe jar and swirl sufficiently to disperse the mixture.7.1.5 Place the jar in the shaker. The jar should be perpen-dicular and at approximately a 45 angle to the horizontal shaftof the shaker.7
26、.1.6 Shake for 30 min with the shaker intensity leveradjusted to ten.7.1.7 Remove from the shaker and swirl the jar; immedi-ately pour the contents through a 50-mesh sieve (see Note 5).Observe for residue remaining both on the sieve and in the jar,recording amount and type as described in 8.1.1 and
27、8.1.2.7.1.8 Rinse the jar with two 50-mL portions of test water,pouring each through the 50-mesh sieve. Observe for residueas in 7.1.7.7.1.9 Discard the contents in a safe manner.8. Report8.1 The results of this practice should be reported as eithercompatible or incompatible.8.1.1 CompatibleThe form
28、ulation of a well-dispersedmixture of pesticides in water. No nonrinsable residue found onthe 50-mesh sieve or remaining on bottle walls should beconsidered compatible.8.1.2 IncompatibleSeparation of the mixture of pesticidesin water where flocculation, coagulation, gel, or curd foundduring or at th
29、e end of the test that will not redisperse nor passthrough the 50-mesh sieve should be considered incompatible.Any residue as described previously found remaining on thebottle should be considered incompatible.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Eight laboratories participated in a collective study todetermine
30、 the precision and bias of this test method. This studywas conducted by sending an emulsifiable concentrate and asuspension concentrate along with liquid fertilizer to partici-pating laboratories.9.2 PrecisionOnly 1 out of the 8 laboratories had differ-ences in their findings. After evaluation of th
31、e difference aninterpretation error was revealed. All other laboratories agreedwith the results.9.3 BiasSince no known reference value for compatibilityexists no bias statement could be determined for this testmethod.10. Keywords10.1 aqueous spray mixtures; compatibility; pesticidesprays; spray mixt
32、ures; tank mix compatibility3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and
33、the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.E1518 05 (2012)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
34、expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not re
35、vised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
36、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United S
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