1、Designation: E1529 13E1529 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forDetermining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires onStructural Members and Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1529; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of structural members and assemblies expos
3、ed to fire conditions resulting fromlarge, free-burning (that is, outdoors), fluid-hydrocarbon-fueled pool fires is of concern in the designof hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) facilities and other facilities subject to these types of fires.In recognition of this unique fire protection problem,
4、it is generally required that critical structuralmembers and assemblies be of fire-resistant construction.Historically, such requirements have been based upon tests conducted in accordance with TestMethods E119, the only available standardized test for fire resistant construction. However, theexposu
5、re specified in Test Methods E119 does not adequately characterize large hydrocarbon poolfires. Test Methods E119 is used for representation of building fires where the primary fuel is solid innature, and in which there are significant constraints on the movement of air to the fire, and thecombustio
6、n products away from the fire (that is, through doors, windows). In contrast, neithercondition is typical of large hydrocarbon pool fires (see Appendix X1 on Commentary).One of the most distinguishing features of the pool fire is the rapid development of hightemperatures and heat fluxes that can sub
7、ject exposed structural members and assemblies to a thermalshock much greater than that associated with Test Methods E119. As a result, it is important that fireresistance requirements for HPI assemblies of all types of materials be evaluated and specified inaccordance with a standardized test that
8、is more representative of the anticipated fire conditions. Sucha standard is found in the test methods herein.1. Scope Scope*1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns,girders, beams or similar structural members, and
9、 fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, thatare employed in HPI or other facilities subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires.1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members ofassemblies, or fire
10、-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure.These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure.1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative perfo
11、rmance of different structural andfire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict theperformance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.1.4 These test methods provide fo
12、r quantitative heat flux measurements during both the control calibration and the actual test.These heat flux measurements are being made to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineeringmodels to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fi
13、re scenarios.1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cabletrays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Suchfailure criteria and tes
14、t specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods.1.6 LimitationsThese test methods do not provide the following:1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire Resistance.Current ed
15、ition approved July 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2014. Published August 2013November 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 asE1529 10.13. DOI: 10.1520/E1529-13.10.1520/E1529-14.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standar
16、d an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM i
17、s to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.6.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with compone
18、nts or of dimensions other than those tested.1.6.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke, toxicgases, or other products of combustion.1.6.3 Simulation of fire behavior of joints or connections between structural elements such
19、 as beam-to-column connections.1.6.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test assembly.1.6.5 Procedures for measuring the test performance of other structural shapes (such as vessel skirts), equipment (such aselectrical cables, motor-operated valves, etc.), or items subject to large
20、hydrocarbon pool fires, other than those described in 1.1.1.6.6 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protectionmaterials.1.6.7 Full information on the performance of assemblies at times less than 5 min because the rise time cal
21、led out in Section 5is longer than that of a real fire.1.7 These test methods do not preclude the use of a real fire or any other method of evaluating the performance of structuralmembers and assemblies in simulated fire conditions.Any test method that is demonstrated to comply with Section 5 is acc
22、eptable.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials
23、, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safe
24、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.11 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide ex
25、planatory information. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures
26、of Paint and Related CoatingsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE457 Test Method for Measuring Heat-Transfer Rate Using a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) CalorimeterE459 Test Method for Measuring Heat Transfer Rate Using a Thin-Skin Ca
27、lorimeterE511 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using a Copper-Constantan Circular Foil, Heat-Flux TransducerE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop SystemsE2683 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using Flush-Mounted Insert Temperature-Gradient Gages2.2 Code of Federal Regulations
28、:346 CFR 164.007 Structural Insulations2.3 IMO Documents:4IMO A7542.4 ISO Standard:5ISO 834-1 Fire Resistance Tests Elements of Building Construction Part 1: General Requirements3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology E176 for definitions of terms used in these test methods.3.2 Definitions
29、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 total cold wall heat fluxthe heat flux that would be transferred to an object whose temperature is 70F (21C).4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Astandard fire exposure of controlled extent and severity is specified. The test setup will provide an average total co
30、ld wallheat flux on all exposed surfaces of the test specimen of 50 000 Btu/ft 2h 6 2500 Btu/ft2h (158 kW/m2 6 8 kW/m2). The heatflux shall be attained within the first 5 min of test exposure and maintained for the duration of the test. The temperature of the2 For referencedASTM standards, visit the
31、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelph
32、ia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4 Available from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Environmental Standards Division (CG-5224), U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, 2100 Second Street SW,Washington, DC 20593; http:/www.uscg.mil/environmental_standards/5 Available from American National Standard
33、s Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E1529 142environment that generates the heat flux of procedures in 6.2 shall be at least 1500F (815C) after the first 3 min of the test andshall be between 1850F (1010C) and 2150F (1180C) at all times after the fir
34、st 5 min of the test. Performance is defined as thetime period during which structural members or assemblies will continue to perform their intended function when subjected to fireexposure. The results are reported in terms of time increments such as 12 h, 34 h, 1 h, 112 h, etc.4.1.1 These test meth
35、ods require quantitative measurements of thermal exposure during both furnace calibration and actualtesting.4.1.2 These test methods are cited as the “Standard Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fire Tests.”5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time per
36、iod during which a beam, girder, column, orsimilar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled,standardized fire exposure.5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total contin
37、uous engulfment of a memberor assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposureis basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions.Quantitative me
38、asurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing.5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completelycharacterized and are variable depending on the size of
39、the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), thephysical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in thesetest methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydroca
40、rbon pool fires. The specified standardexposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relativeperformance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is, size, method
41、of assembly, and materials) from that of the testedassembly is capable of substantially changing the performance characteristics of the assembly.5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing column specimens with and without an applied superimposed load.5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded co
42、lumns stipulate that the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to be themaximum load condition allowed under nationally recognized structural design criteria unless limited design criteria are specifiedand a corresponding reduced load applied.5.2.2 The procedure for testing unloaded ste
43、el column specimens includes temperature limits.These limits are intended to definethe temperature above which a steel column with an axially applied design allowable load would fail structurally.5.2.3 The procedure for unloaded specimens also provides for the testing of other than steel columns pro
44、vided that appropriateacceptance criteria have been established.5.3 Separate procedures are also specified for testing beam assemblies with and without an applied superimposed load.5.3.1 The procedure for testing loaded specimens stipulates that the beam shall be simply supported. Application of res
45、traintagainst longitudinal thermal expansion depends on the intended use, as specified by the customer. The applied load is intended tobe the allowable design load permitted for the beam as determined in accordance with accepted engineering practice.5.3.2 The procedure for testing unloaded beams inc
46、ludes temperature limits for steel. These limits are to define the temperatureabove which a simply supported, unrestrained beam would fail structurally if subjected to the allowable design load. The procedurefor unloaded specimens also provides for the testing of other than steel and reinforced conc
47、rete beams provided that appropriateacceptance criteria have been established.5.3.3 It is recognized that beam assemblies that are tested without load will not deflect to the same extent as an identicalassembly tested with load.As a result, tests conducted in accordance with the unloaded beam proced
48、ure are not intended to reflectthe effects of crack formation, dislodgement of applied fire protection materials, and other factors that are influenced by thedeflection of the assembly.5.4 A separate procedure is specified for testing the fire-containment capability of a wall/bulkhead/partition, etc
49、. Acceptancecriteria include temperature rise of nonfire exposed surface, plus the ability of the wall to prohibit passage of flames or hot gases,or both.5.5 In most cases, the structural assemblies that will be evaluated in accordance with these test methods will be located outdoorsand subjected to varying weather conditions that are capable of adversely affecting the fire endurance of the assembly. A programof accelerated weathering followed by fire exposure is described to simulate such exposure.5.6 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux mea
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