1、Designation: E1529 161An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forDetermining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires onStructural Members and Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1529; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEIn 8.4, the metric conversion for 0.005 in. H2O was corrected from 12.5 P
3、a to 1.25 Pa.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of structural members and assemblies exposed to fire conditions resulting fromlarge, free-burning (that is, outdoors), fluid-hydrocarbon-fueled pool fires is of concern in the designof hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) facilities and other facilities subj
4、ect to these types of fires.In recognition of this unique fire protection problem, it is generally required that critical structuralmembers and assemblies be of fire-resistant construction.Historically, such requirements have been based upon tests conducted in accordance with TestMethods E119, the o
5、nly available standardized test for fire resistant construction. However, theexposure specified in Test Methods E119 does not adequately characterize large hydrocarbon poolfires. Test Methods E119 is used for representation of building fires where the primary fuel is solid innature, and in which the
6、re are significant constraints on the movement of air to the fire, and thecombustion products away from the fire (that is, through doors, windows). In contrast, neithercondition is typical of large hydrocarbon pool fires (see Appendix X1 on Commentary).One of the most distinguishing features of the
7、pool fire is the rapid development of hightemperatures and heat fluxes that can subject exposed structural members and assemblies to a thermalshock much greater than that associated with Test Methods E119. As a result, it is important that fireresistance requirements for HPI assemblies of all types
8、of materials be evaluated and specified inaccordance with a standardized test that is more representative of the anticipated fire conditions. Sucha standard is found in the test methods herein.1. Scope*1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-responsestandard are used for determining the fir
9、e-test response ofcolumns, girders, beams or similar structural members, andfire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or compositeconstruction, that are employed in HPI or other facilitiessubject to large hydrocarbon pool fires.1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance withthese te
10、st methods will indicate whether structural members ofassemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continueto perform their intended function during the period of fireexposure. These tests shall not be construed as having deter-mined suitability for use after fire exposure.1.3 These test me
11、thods prescribe a standard fire exposurefor comparing the relative performance of different structuraland fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled labora-tory conditions. The application of these test results to predictthe performance of actual assemblies when exposed to largepool fires req
12、uires a careful engineering evaluation.1.4 These test methods provide for quantitative heat fluxmeasurements during both the control calibration and theactual test. These heat flux measurements are being made tosupport the development of design fires and the use of firesafety engineering models to p
13、redict thermal exposure andmaterial performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other itemssuch as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks,and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires1These test methods are under the jurisd
14、iction ofASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1529 14a. DOI:10.1520/E1529-16E01.*A Summary
15、of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in
16、the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1development of appropriate specimen details and end-point orfailure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specim
17、en descrip-tions are not provided in these test methods.1.6 LimitationsThese test methods do not provide thefollowing:1.6.1 Full information on the performance of assembliesconstructed with components or of dimensions other than thosetested.1.6.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assemblycont
18、ributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke,toxic gases, or other products of combustion.1.6.3 Simulation of fire behavior of joints or connectionsbetween structural elements such as beam-to-column connec-tions.1.6.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of thetest assembly.1.6
19、.5 Procedures for measuring the test performance ofother structural shapes (such as vessel skirts), equipment (suchas electrical cables, motor-operated valves, etc.), or itemssubject to large hydrocarbon pool fires, other than thosedescribed in 1.1.1.6.6 The erosive effect that the velocities or tur
20、bulence, orboth, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protectionmaterials.1.6.7 Full information on the performance of assemblies attimes less than 5 min because the rise time called out in Section5 is longer than that of a real fire.1.7 These test methods do not preclude the use of a real
21、 fireor any other method of evaluating the performance of structuralmembers and assemblies in simulated fire conditions. Any testmethod that is demonstrated to comply with Section 5 isacceptable.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses
22、are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factor
23、s required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-p
24、riate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not b
25、econsidered as requirements of the standard.1.12 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the
26、World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-sures of Paint and Related CoatingsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building C
27、onstructionand MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE457 Test Method for Measuring Heat-Transfer Rate Usinga Thermal Capacitance (Slug) CalorimeterE459 Test Method for Measuring Heat Transfer Rate Usinga Thin-Skin CalorimeterE511 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using a Copper-Constantan Ci
28、rcular Foil, Heat-Flux TransducerE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsE2683 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using Flush-Mounted Insert Temperature-Gradient Gages2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:346 CFR 164.007 Structural Insulations2.3 IMO Documents:4IMO A7542.4 ISO Stand
29、ard:5ISO 834-1 Fire Resistance Tests Elements of BuildingConstruction Part 1: General Requirements2.5 ISO/IEC Standards:617011 Conformity assessmentGeneral Requirements foraccreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessmentbodies17025 General requirements for the competence of testingand calibrat
30、ion laboratories3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology E176 for definitionsof terms used in these test methods.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 total cold wall heat fluxthe heat flux that would betransferred to an object whose temperature is 70F (21C).4. Summary of
31、 Test Methods4.1 A standard fire exposure of controlled extent and sever-ity is specified.The test setup will provide an average total coldwall heat flux on all exposed surfaces of the test specimen of50 000 Btu/ft2h 6 2500 Btu/ft2h (158 kW/m26 8kW/m2).The heat flux shall be attained within the firs
32、t 5 min of test2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Orde
33、r Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), EnvironmentalStandards Division (CG-5224), U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, 2100 Second StreetSW, Washington, DC 20593; http:/www.uscg.mil/environmental_s
34、tandards/5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerl
35、and, http:/www.iso.org.E1529 1612exposure and maintained for the duration of the test. Thetemperature of the environment that generates the heat flux ofprocedures in 6.2 shall be at least 1500F (815C) after the first3 min of the test and shall be between 1850F (1010C) and2150F (1180C) at all times a
36、fter the first 5 min of the test.Performance is defined as the time period during whichstructural members or assemblies will continue to perform theirintended function when subjected to fire exposure. The resultsare reported in terms of time increments such as12 h,34 h, 1h, 112 h, etc.4.1.1 These te
37、st methods require quantitative measurementsof thermal exposure during both furnace calibration and actualtesting.4.1.2 These test methods are cited as the “Standard LargeHydrocarbon Pool Fire Tests.”5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis forevaluating the time
38、 period during which a beam, girder,column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall,will continue to perform its intended function when subjectedto a controlled, standardized fire exposure.5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure conditionsimulates the condition of total cont
39、inuous engulfment of amember or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area ofa large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standardfire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total fluxincident on the test specimen together with appropriate tem-perature conditions. Quantitative
40、measurements of the thermalexposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnacecalibration and actual testing.5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties offree-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not beencompletely characterized and are variable depending on thesize of th
41、e fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as windconditions), the physical relationship of the structural memberto the exposing fire, and other factors.As a result, the exposurespecified in these test methods is not necessarily representativeof all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon
42、pool fires.The specified standard exposure is based upon the bestavailable information and testing technology. It provides abasis for comparing the relative performance of differentassemblies under controlled conditions.5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is,size, method of assem
43、bly, and materials) from that of the testedassembly is capable of substantially changing the performancecharacteristics of the assembly.5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing columnspecimens with and without an applied superimposed load.5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded columns stip
44、ulatethat the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to bethe maximum load condition allowed under nationally recog-nized structural design criteria unless limited design criteria arespecified and a corresponding reduced load applied.5.2.2 The procedure for testing unloaded steel columns
45、pecimens includes temperature limits. These limits are in-tended to define the temperature above which a steel columnwith an axially applied design allowable load would failstructurally.5.2.3 The procedure for unloaded specimens also providesfor the testing of other than steel columns provided thata
46、ppropriate acceptance criteria have been established.5.3 Separate procedures are also specified for testing beamassemblies with and without an applied superimposed load.5.3.1 The procedure for testing loaded specimens stipulatesthat the beam shall be simply supported. Application ofrestraint against
47、 longitudinal thermal expansion depends on theintended use, as specified by the customer. The applied load isintended to be the allowable design load permitted for the beamas determined in accordance with accepted engineering prac-tice.5.3.2 The procedure for testing unloaded beams includestemperatu
48、re limits for steel. These limits are to define thetemperature above which a simply supported, unrestrainedbeam would fail structurally if subjected to the allowabledesign load. The procedure for unloaded specimens alsoprovides for the testing of other than steel and reinforcedconcrete beams provide
49、d that appropriate acceptance criteriahave been established.5.3.3 It is recognized that beam assemblies that are testedwithout load will not deflect to the same extent as an identicalassembly tested with load. As a result, tests conducted inaccordance with the unloaded beam procedure are not intendedto reflect the effects of crack formation, dislodgement ofapplied fire protection materials, and other factors that areinfluenced by the deflection of the assembly.5.4 A separate procedure is specified for testing the fire-containment capability of a wall/bulk
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