ASTM E1590-2007 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses《床垫的防火测试用标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: E 1590 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Testing of Mattresses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining theburning behavior of mattresses u

3、sed in public occupancies bymeasuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen,a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to aspecified flaming ignition source under well ventilated condi-tions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses withfoundations.1.4 Test data

4、are obtained describing the burning behavior,following application of a specific ignition source, fromignition until all burning has ceased, a period of1hhaselapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on thefire performance of mattresses under fire cond

5、itions other thanthose specified in this test method. In particular, this testmethod does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes.See 5.12 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen ismeasured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 forfurther informatio

6、n.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gasspecies in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further infor-mation.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photo-graphic or video recordings.1.9 Use the SI system of units in

7、referee decisions; seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for

8、fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products or assemblies underactual fire conditions1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and prop-erty shall be employed in conducting these tests. This testmethod may involve haza

9、rdous materials, operations, andequipment.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato

10、ry limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of

11、a Test MethodE 800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Gener-ated During FiresE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE 1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Mattr

12、ess Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE 1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI): TheModern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and TextileProductsVocabulary3

13、ISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Test for SurfaceProducts31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapprov

14、ed in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 1590 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi

15、te.3Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56,CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary32.3 UL Standards:UL 1056 Fire Test of Upholste

16、red Furniture4UL 1895 Fire Test of Mattresses42.4 CA Standards:CATechnical Bulletin 121 Flammability Test Procedure forMattresses for Use in Public Occupancies5CATechnical Bulletin 129 Flammability Test Procedure forMattresses for Use in Public Buildings5CATechnical Bulletin 133 Flammability Test Pr

17、ocedure forSeating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies52.5 Other Documents:CFR Part 1632 Standard for the Flammability of Mattressesand Mattress Pads (formerly DOC FF4-72, 40 FR 59940)6Nordtest Method NT Fire 032 Upholstered Furniture: Burn-ing BehaviorFull Scale Test73. Terminology3.1 Definitio

18、nsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminologycontained in Terminology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E 176 shallprevail. For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with

19、textile issues, refer to the terminology con-tained in Terminology D 123 and ISO 4880. In case of conflict,the definitions given in Terminology D 123 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 product, nmattress, or mattress with foundation, forwhich fire-test-response ch

20、aracteristics are to be measured.3.2.2 specimen, nthe manufactured item of the product, orrepresentative prototype of the product.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response test method determines a numberof fire-test-response characteristics associated with a full-scaletest specimen, mattr

21、ess or mattress with foundation, ignitedwith a propane gas burner. Measurements to be made includethe rate of heat and smoke release, total amount of heatreleased, rates and concentrations of carbon oxides released,and rates and amounts of mass of test specimen lost. Otheroptional measurements are a

22、lso described.4.2 In Test Configurations A and B, the test specimen isplaced on a weighing platform located in a test room. Anexhaust hood, connected to a duct, is located at the doorway ofthe room.4.3 In Test Configuration C, the test specimen is placed ona weighing platform located directly under

23、a hood.4.4 Heat, smoke, and combustion gas release instrumenta-tion is placed in the duct.4.5 Additional (optional) instrumentation placed in the testroom is also described.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring avariety of fire-test-response characteristics result

24、ing from burn-ing a test specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation.Afterignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen ispermitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. Themost important fire-test-response characteristic measured inthis test method is the rate of heat release

25、, which quantifies theintensity of the fire generated.5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle ofoxygen consumption.AnnexA3 discusses the assumptions andlimitations.5.3 This test method also provides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (

26、asthe rate of smoke release, total smoke released, or opticaldensity of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrationsof combustion gases), and mass loss, which are important tomaking decisions on fire safety.5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseouscomponents of smoke are the carb

27、on oxides, present in all fires.They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of thecompleteness of combustion. Measurement of concentrationsof carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: (1) as part of firehazard assessment calculations and (2) to improve the accuracyof heat release meas

28、urements. Other toxic combustion gases,which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of thetoxicity of the atmosphere, but are less crucial for determiningcombustion completeness and are optional measures; however,fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.5.5 The type of

29、 ignition chosen (flaming source) is commonin both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies.The test method is thus applicable to mattresses in publicoccupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to,health-care facilities, old age convalescent and board and carehomes, and c

30、ollege dormitories and residence halls.5.6 One of the following three configurations is to be usedin this test method:5.6.1 Test Configuration AA test room with the followingdimensions: 3.66 by 2.44 by 2.44 m (12 by 8 by 8 ft) high.5.6.2 Test Configuration BA test room with the followingdimensions:

31、3.66 by 3.05 by 2.44 m (12 by 10 by 8 ft) high.5.6.3 Test Configuration CAn open calorimeter (or furni-ture calorimeter).5.7 Rooms of other dimensions are acceptable where it hasbeen shown that equivalent test results are obtained.5.8 Measurements in the three test configurations listed in5.6 have b

32、een shown to give similar results for heat release inthe duct, and mass loss, up to a rate of heat release of 600 kW(1).85.9 Measurements of temperatures, gas concentrations, andsmoke obscuration in the room are dependent on room size.5.10 This test method has been designed to provide detailsfor the

33、 means to build and operate equipment capable ofrunning tests as required by CA TB 129. However, this testmethod is more general than that technical bulletin.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook,IL 60062.5Available from California Bureau of Home Furnishings

34、and Thermal Insula-tion, State of California, Dept. of ConsumerAffairs, 3485 Orange GroveAve., NorthHighlands, CA 95660-5595.6Available from Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC20207.7Available from Nordtest, P.O. Box 22, SF-00341, Helsingfors, Finland.8The boldface numbers in parenthe

35、ses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.E15900725.11 Studies on the flammability performance of mattressesindicate that bench scale fire tests are useful for preliminaryevaluations of component materials for substitution purposes(see Appendix X3).5.12 Limitations:5.12.1 Thi

36、s test method is not applicable to ignition bycigarettes, or by any other smoldering source.5.12.2 The ignition source in this test method is a flamingsource, and it has been shown that mattresses, particularly inpublic occupancies, are involved in fires with flaming ignitionsources. Moreover, this

37、particular ignition source has beenshown to be able to provide a distinction between differentkinds of mattress items. However, the fraction of actualflaming mattress fires occurring with ignitions more or lessintense than that used here is not known.5.12.3 It is not known whether the results of thi

38、s test methodwill be equally valid when a mattress is burned under condi-tions different from those specified. In particular, it is unclearwhether the use of a different ignition source, or the sameignition source but having a different duration of flameexposure or a different gas-flow rate, will ch

39、ange the results.5.12.4 The value of rate of heat release corresponding to thecritical limit between propagating mattress fires and non-propagating fires is not known.5.12.5 As yet, there is not a known direct correlationbetween smoke obscuration or smoke toxicity measurements inthe exhaust duct and

40、 overall fire hazard.6. Apparatus6.1 Room Layout and Instrumentation:6.1.1 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration A)The testroom shall have dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm (8 by 12 by 8 ft) high. The roomshall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 66.4 mm

41、 by 2.03 m 6 6.4 mm (30 by 80 in.), located asindicated in Fig. 1, and other small openings, as necessary, tomake test measurements. Construct the test room of wooden ormetal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum wallboard orcalcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood, as described inAnnexA1, ou

42、tside of the room doorway, such that it collects allof the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to theair supply to the test setup.NOTE 1Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) have been foundacceptable. If the thickness o

43、f the wallboard is larger, it will not affect theresults of this test method.6.1.2 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration B)The testroom shall have dimensions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm (10 by 12 by 8 ft) high. The roomshall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.97

44、m 66.4 mm by 2.06 m 6 6.4 mm (38 by 81 in.), located asindicated in Fig. 2, and other small openings, as necessary, tomake test measurements. Construct the test room of wooden ormetal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum wallboard orcalcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood, as described inAn

45、nexA1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects allof the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to theair supply to the test method setup. (See Note 1.)6.1.3 Open Calorimeter Layout (Test Configuration C):6.1.3.1 The area surrounding the test specimen in an opencalorimeter layou

46、t shall be sufficiently large that there are noheat radiation effects from the walls or any other nearbyobjects. The airflow to the test specimen shall be symmetricalfrom all sides.6.1.3.2 If the heat release rate of the test specimen is below600 kW, a load cell sited under a hood, and where the dis

47、tancebetween the test specimen and any wall is 1 m (3.3 ft) or more,is acceptable.6.1.3.3 The air supply to the calorimeter shall be sufficientso that it does not affect the burning process.6.1.4 General Discussion of Room LayoutHeat releasemeasurements in the duct, made in Test Configurations A, B,

48、and C, have been shown to yield similar results for heat releaserates below 600 kW (see X1.4) (1).6.1.5 Other Test Room FurnishingsThe test room shallcontain no furnishings except for the test specimen.6.1.6 Location of Test Specimen, for Test Configurations Aor BPosition the test specimen on a weig

49、hing platform in acorner. Ensure that the test specimen is at a distance of between0.10 and 0.25 m (4 and 10 in.) from both walls (Fig. 1 and Fig.2).6.1.7 Location of Test Specimen, for Test ConfigurationCPosition the test specimen on a weighing platform under-neath the hood (Fig. 3).6.2 Ignition Source:6.2.1 As the ignition source, use a gas burner in the shape ofa T, as described in Fig. 4.NOTE 1See text for tolerances; room instrumentation is optional.FIG. 1 Test Room Configuration AE15900736.2.2 Construct the burner of stainless steel, with wallthicknesses of 0.