ASTM E1590-2012 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses 《床垫耐火试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: E1590 12An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Testing of Mattresses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining theburning behavior of mattresses used

3、 in public occupancies bymeasuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen,a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to aspecified flaming ignition source under well ventilated condi-tions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses withfoundations.1.4 Test data are

4、 obtained describing the burning behavior,following application of a specific ignition source, fromignition until all burning has ceased, a period of1hhaselapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on thefire performance of mattresses under fire conditi

5、ons other thanthose specified in this test method. In particular, this testmethod does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes.See 5.12 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen ismeasured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 forfurther information.1

6、.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gasspecies in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further infor-mation.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photo-graphic or video recordings.1.9 Use the SI system of units in ref

7、eree decisions; seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fir

8、e hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and prop-erty shall be employed in conducting these tests. This testmethod may involve hazard

9、ous materials, operations, andequipment.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory

10、 limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Stud

11、y toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Gener-ated During FiresE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Uph

12、olstered Furniture and Mattress Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calo-rimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and CeilingMateria

13、ls and Assemblies1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition appro

14、ved in 2007 as E1590 07. DOI:10.1520/E1590-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM

15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.IEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI): TheModern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and TextileProductsVocabularyISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Tes

16、t for SurfaceProductsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary2.3 UL Standards:4UL 1056 Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture (withdrawn)UL 1895 Fire Test of Mattresses (withdrawn)2.4 CA Standards:5CATechnical Bulletin 121 Flammability Test Procedure forMattresses for Use in Public OccupanciesCATechnical Bulleti

17、n 129 Flammability Test Procedure forMattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCATechnical Bulletin 133 Flammability Test Procedure forSeating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies2.5 Other Documents:CFR Part 1632 Standard for the Flammability of Mattressesand Mattress Pads (formerly DOC FF4-72, 40 FR

18、 59940)6Nordtest Method NT Fire 032 Upholstered Furniture: Burn-ing BehaviorFull Scale Test72.6 NFPA Standards:8NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings onFull Height Panels and WallsNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluatin

19、gContribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to RoomFire Growth3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminologycontained in Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Termino

20、logy E176 shallprevail. For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with textile issues, refer to the terminology con-tained in Terminology D123 and ISO 4880. In case of conflict,the definitions given in Terminology D123 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta

21、ndard:3.2.1 product, nmattress, or mattress with foundation, forwhich fire-test-response characteristics are to be measured.3.2.2 specimen, nthe manufactured item of the product, orrepresentative prototype of the product.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response test method determines a n

22、umberof fire-test-response characteristics associated with a full-scaletest specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation, ignitedwith a propane gas burner. Measurements to be made includethe rate of heat and smoke release, total amount of heatreleased, rates and concentrations of carbon oxides rel

23、eased,and rates and amounts of mass of test specimen lost. Otheroptional measurements are also described.4.2 In Test Configurations A and B, the test specimen isplaced on a weighing platform located in a test room. Anexhaust hood, connected to a duct, is located at the doorway ofthe room.4.3 In Test

24、 Configuration C, the test specimen is placed ona weighing platform located directly under a hood.4.4 Heat, smoke, and combustion gas release instrumenta-tion is placed in the duct.4.5 Additional (optional) instrumentation placed in the testroom is also described.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test

25、 method provides a means of measuring avariety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burn-ing a test specimen, mattress or mattress with foundation.Afterignition using a propane gas burner, the test specimen ispermitted to burn freely under well-ventilated conditions. Themost importan

26、t fire-test-response characteristic measured inthis test method is the rate of heat release, which quantifies theintensity of the fire generated.5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle ofoxygen consumption.AnnexA3 discusses the assumptions andlimitations.5.3 This test method also p

27、rovides measures of other fire-test-response characteristics, including smoke obscuration (asthe rate of smoke release, total smoke released, or opticaldensity of smoke), combustion gas release (as concentrationsof combustion gases), and mass loss, which are important tomaking decisions on fire safe

28、ty.5.4 In the majority of fires, the most important gaseouscomponents of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires.They are indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of thecompleteness of combustion. Measurement of concentrationsof carbon oxides are useful for two purposes: (1) as par

29、t of firehazard assessment calculations and (2) to improve the accuracyof heat release measurements. Other toxic combustion gases,which are specific to certain materials, are also indicators of thetoxicity of the atmosphere, but are less crucial for determiningcombustion completeness and are optiona

30、l measures; however,fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.5.5 The type of ignition chosen (flaming source) is commonin both accidental and intentional fires in public occupancies.The test method is thus applicable to mattresses in publicoccupancies. Such facilities include, but are

31、 not limited to,health-care facilities, old age convalescent and board and carehomes, and college dormitories and residence halls.5.6 One of the following three configurations is to be usedin this test method:3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creu

32、se, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair, Home Furnishingsand Thermal Insulation, State of California, Dept. o

33、f Consumer Affairs, 3485Orange Grove Ave., North Highlands, CA 95660-5595, www.bhfti.ca.gov.6Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.7Available from Nordtest, P.O. Box 22, SF-00341, Helsingfors, Finland.8Available from

34、 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E1590 1225.6.1 Test Configuration AA test room with the followingdimensions: 3.66 by 2.44 by 2.44 m (12 by 8 by 8 ft) high.5.6.2 Test Configuration BA test room with the followingdimensions: 3

35、.66 by 3.05 by 2.44 m (12 by 10 by 8 ft) high.5.6.3 Test Configuration CAn open calorimeter (or furni-ture calorimeter).5.7 Rooms of other dimensions are acceptable where it hasbeen shown that equivalent test results are obtained.5.8 Measurements in the three test configurations listed in5.6 have be

36、en shown to give similar results for heat release inthe duct, and mass loss, up to a rate of heat release of 600 kW(1).95.9 Measurements of temperatures, gas concentrations, andsmoke obscuration in the room are dependent on room size.5.10 This test method has been designed to provide detailsfor the

37、means to build and operate equipment capable ofrunning tests as required by CA TB 129. However, this testmethod is more general than that technical bulletin.5.11 Studies on the flammability performance of mattressesindicate that bench scale fire tests are useful for preliminaryevaluations of compone

38、nt materials for substitution purposes(see Appendix X3).5.12 Limitations:5.12.1 This test method is not applicable to ignition bycigarettes, or by any other smoldering source.5.12.2 The ignition source in this test method is a flamingsource, and it has been shown that mattresses, particularly inpubl

39、ic occupancies, are involved in fires with flaming ignitionsources. Moreover, this particular ignition source has beenshown to be able to provide a distinction between differentkinds of mattress items. However, the fraction of actualflaming mattress fires occurring with ignitions more or lessintense

40、 than that used here is not known.5.12.3 It is not known whether the results of this test methodwill be equally valid when a mattress is burned under condi-tions different from those specified. In particular, it is unclearwhether the use of a different ignition source, or the sameignition source but

41、 having a different duration of flameexposure or a different gas-flow rate, will change the results.5.12.4 The value of rate of heat release corresponding to thecritical limit between propagating mattress fires and non-propagating fires is not known.5.12.5 As yet, there is not a known direct correla

42、tionbetween smoke obscuration or smoke toxicity measurements inthe exhaust duct and overall fire hazard.6. Apparatus6.1 Room Layout and Instrumentation:6.1.1 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration A)The testroom shall have dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm (8 by 12 by 8 f

43、t) high. The roomshall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 66.4 mm by 2.03 m 6 6.4 mm (30 by 80 in.), located asindicated in Fig. 1, and other small openings, as necessary, tomake test measurements. Construct the test room of wooden ormetal studs, and line it with fire-rated gypsum

44、wallboard orcalcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood, as described inAnnexA1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects allof the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to theair supply to the test setup.NOTE 1Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a

45、thickness of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) have been foundacceptable. If the thickness of the wallboard is larger, it will not affect theresults of this test method.6.1.2 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration B)The testroom shall have dimensions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm (10 by

46、12 by 8 ft) high. The roomshall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 66.4 mm by 2.06 m 6 6.4 mm (38 by 81 in.), located asindicated in Fig. 2, and other small openings, as necessary, tomake test measurements. Construct the test room of wooden ormetal studs, and line it with fire-rate

47、d gypsum wallboard orcalcium silicate wallboard. Position a hood, as described inAnnexA1, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects allof the combustion gases. There shall be no obstructions to theair supply to the test method setup. (See Note 1.)6.1.3 Open Calorimeter Layout (Test Configur

48、ation C):6.1.3.1 The area surrounding the test specimen in an opencalorimeter layout shall be sufficiently large that there are noheat radiation effects from the walls or any other nearbyobjects. The airflow to the test specimen shall be symmetricalfrom all sides.9The boldface numbers in parentheses

49、 refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.NOTE 1See text for tolerances; room instrumentation is optional.FIG. 1 Test Room Configuration AE1590 1236.1.3.2 If the heat release rate of the test specimen is below600 kW, a load cell sited under a hood, and where the distancebetween the test specimen and any wall is 1 m (3.3 ft) or more,is acceptable.6.1.3.3 The air supply to the calorimeter shall be sufficientso that it does not affect the burning process.6.1.4 General Discussion of Room LayoutHeat releasemeasurements in the duct, made