1、Designation: E1602 03 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Guide forConstruction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEFootnote 5 was editorially updated in April 2010.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the design and construction of solidfuel burning
3、masonry heaters. It provides dimensions for siteconstructed masonry heater components and clearances thathave been derived by experience and found to be consistentwith the safe installation of those masonry heaters.1.2 Values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard.Inch/pound units may be r
4、ounded (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).Alldimensions are nominal unless specifically stated otherwise.All clearances listed in this guide are actual dimensions.1.3 This guide applies to the design and construction ofmasonry heaters built on-site with the components and mate-rials specified herein. It does not
5、 apply to the construction/installation requirements for component systems that havebeen safety tested and listed. The requirements for listedmasonry heater systems are specified in the manufacturersinstallation instructions.1.4 The design and construction of solid fuel burningmasonry heaters shall
6、comply with applicable building codes.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsC43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products3C71 Terminology Relating to RefractoriesC270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC401 Classifi
7、cation of Alumina and Alumina-SilicateCastable RefractoriesE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 UL Standards:4UL 103 Chimneys, Factory Built Residential Type
8、andBuilding Heating Appliances3. Terminology3.1 Terms used in this guide are as defined in TerminologyC11, Definitions C43, Terminology C71, and ClassificationC401.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 approvedacceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion.3.2.2 authority having
9、 jurisdictionthe organization, of-fice, individual, or agent thereof, who is responsible forapproving construction, materials, equipment, installation, pro-cedure, and so forth. In most cases in which a building permitis required, the authority is typically the building official or hisagent. Where a
10、 building permit is not required, the authority istypically the owner or his agent.3.2.3 bypass dampera valve or plate that provides a directpath to the chimney flue for the flue gases or portion thereof.3.2.4 capping slaba horizontal refractory barrier coveringthe top of the masonry heater.3.2.5 cl
11、eanout openingan access opening in a flue pas-sageway of the masonry heater or chimney that is designed toallow access to the flue for purposes of inspecting for andremoval of ash, soot, and other extraneous matter that maybecome trapped.3.2.6 damperan adjustable valve or plate for controllingdraft
12、or the flow of gases, including air.3.2.7 firebox (firechamber)that portion of the masonryheater that is designed for containing and burning the fuelcharge.3.2.8 gas slota small fixed opening that provides a bypassfor unburned flue gases, and is a critical safety feature incertain masonry heater des
13、igns (namely those of the Grundofentype with vertical flue runs) (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig.6).1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid FuelBurning Appliances.Current edition appr
14、oved April 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1602 03. DOI:10.1520/E1602-03R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E1602 03 (2010)12E1602 03 (2010)133.2.9 hearth extensionthe noncombustible surfacing ap-plied to the floor area extending in front of and beyond eachside of the fuel loading door of the masonry heater; al
17、so appliesto the floor beneath a masonry heater or beneath an elevatedoverhanging masonry heater hearth.3.2.10 masonry heater basethat portion of the support forthe masonry heater, between the masonry heater and thefoundation, that is below the firebox or the heat exchangeareas.3.2.11 heat-exchange
18、flue channela chamber or passage-way between the firebox and the chimney flue in which heatresulting directly from combustion of fuel is transferred to thesurrounding masonry.3.2.12 kachela European term used to describe a masonryheater tile; a refractory ceramic tile intended for the outer wallof a
19、 masonry heater that is designed specifically to store andtransfer heat.3.2.13 listedequipment or materials included in a listpublished by an organization concerned with product evalua-tion acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction to conductperiodic inspection of production of listed equipmen
20、t ormaterials and whole listing states either that the equipment ormaterials meet appropriate standards or have been tested andfound suitable for use in a specified manner.3.2.14 masonry heatera vented heating system of pre-dominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800kg (1760 lbs),
21、excluding the chimney and masonry heater base.In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically tocapture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy froma solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater throughinternal heat exchange flue channels, enable a charge of solidfuel mixed
22、with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly andmore completely at high temperatures in order to reduceemission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed ofsufficient mass and surface area such that under normaloperating conditions, the external surface temperature of themasonry heater (except
23、in the region immediately surroundingthe fuel loading door(s), does not exceed 110C (230F).E1602 03 (2010)143.2.15 mortar, masonrya mixture of cementitious materi-als (consisting of Portland or blended cement and hydratedlime, masonry cement, masonry cement and Portland cement,or masonry cement and
24、blended cement), fine aggregate, andsufficient water to produce a workable consistency (see Speci-fication C270).3.2.16 mortar, fire claymortar consisting of fine aggregateand fire clay as a binding agent.3.2.17 mortar, soapstone refractorya mixture of pow-dered soapstone and sodium silicate.3.2.18
25、noncombustible materiala material that, in theform in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated,does not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flam-mable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reportedas passing the requirements of Test Method E136 are, for thepurpose of
26、 this guide, considered noncombustible.NOTEClearances form combustible walls or framing may be reduced with an engineered protection system, other than in front of fuel-loading doors.FIG. 4 Clearances to Combustibles(1) 100 mm (4 in.) to combustible framing from masonry heater.(2) 200 mm (8 in.) to
27、ceiling.(3) 200 mm (8 in.) minimum extent of side wall heat shield abovefirebox door.(4) 300 mm (12 in.) hearth extension (sides).(5) 500 mm (20 in.) hearth extension (front).(6) 1200 mm (48 in.) in front of fuel-loading doors to combustibleframing.(7) extent of mandatory heat shield in front of mas
28、onry heater; re-quired only when clearance to combustible material from fuel load-ing door (8) + (9) is less than 1200 mm (48 in.).(8) 100 mm (4 in.) minimum clearance from side wall of masonryheater to heat shield (if used) or combustible framing.(9) distance from fuel-loading doors to side wall of
29、 masonry heater.(7) + (8) + (9) The sum of these must be greater than or equal to1200 mm (48 in.).E1602 03 (2010)153.2.19 soapstonea variety of natural stone (hydrated silicaof magnesium) that is suitable for high-temperature applica-tions in masonry heaters.3.2.20 wing walla noncombustible lateral
30、projection fromthe exterior wall of a masonry heater for use in bridging thespace between a masonry heater and a combustible partitionwall.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide can be used by code officials, architects, andother interested parties to evaluate the design and constructionof masonry he
31、aters. It is not restricted to a specific method ofE1602 03 (2010)16construction, nor does it provide all specific details of con-struction of a masonry heater. This guide does provide theprinciples to be followed for the safe construction of masonryheaters.4.2 This guide is not intended as a comple
32、te set of directionsfor construction of masonry heaters.4.3 Construction of masonry heaters is complex, and inorder to ensure their safety and performance, construction shallbe done by or under the supervision of a skilled and experi-enced masonry heater builder.55. Requirements5.1 FoundationMasonry
33、 heater foundations and founda-tion walls shall meet local building codes for standard masonryfireplaces and shall be designed with consideration given to themass and size of the masonry heater.5.2 Clearance from CombustiblesClearances shall be inconformance with this section, as illustrated in Fig.
34、 4.5.2.1 Clearance from FoundationAll combustible struc-tural framing members shall have a clearance of not less than50 mm (2 in.) from the masonry heater foundation.5.2.2 Clearance from Fuel-Loading DoorMaintain aminimum clearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) from combustiblematerials to fuel-loading doors,
35、 unless an engineered protec-tion system as specified in 5.2.2.1 is provided, except forclearance directly in front of fuel-loading doors. A minimumclearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) shall be maintained in front offuel-loading doors. This dimension shall not be reduced for anyreason.5Organizations that r
36、epresent a body of knowledge on masonry heater construc-tion and qualified builders include: The Masonry Heater Association of NorthAmerica, 2180 S. Flying Q Lane Tucson, AZ 85731, Richard (Dick) Smith,Executive Director, execdirmha-net.org or (e-mail),520-883-0191 (phone), www.mha-net,org; The All
37、iance of Masonry Heater andOven Professionals, www.masonryheaters.org, Ken Matesz, Secretary, (e-mail); and Masonry Heater Caucus, Hearth, Patio andBarbecue Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Suite 600, Arlington, Va. 22209,703-522-0086 (phone), 703-522-0548 (fax).E1602 03 (2010)175.2.2.1 Clearan
38、ce from fuel-loading doors to combustiblematerials may be reduced, other than in front of fuel-loadingdoors, if the combustible material is protected by an engineeredprotection system acceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion. Engineered systems installed for the protection of com-bustible ma
39、terial shall limit the temperature of the combustiblematerial to 50C (90F) above ambient temperature. Systemsshall be designed upon applicable heat transfer principles,taking into account the geometry of the system, the heat losscharacteristics of the structure behind the combustible material,and po
40、ssible abnormal operating conditions of the masonryheater.5.2.2.1.1 When an engineered protection system is used toreduce the perpendicular clearance from fuel-loading doors, itmust extend a minimum of 200 mm (8 in.) above thefuel-loading doors or firebox opening. In addition, the sum ofthe dimensio
41、ns from the fuel-loading doors, the distance fromthe heater to combustible material, and the length of theprotection system in front of the heater face shall be no lessthan 1200 mm (48 in.).5.2.3 Clearance from Rear, Side, and Front WallsClearance from a masonry heater to combustible structuralframi
42、ng and other combustible materials shall be not less than100 mm (4 in.), unless an engineered protection system isprovided, or a protection system accepted by the authorityhaving jurisdiction is provided.5.2.3.1 Clearance from a masonry heater to combustiblematerials may be reduced by the use of mat
43、erials or productslisted for protection purposes. Materials and products listed forthe purpose of reducing clearance to combustibles shall beinstalled in accordance with the conditions of the listing andthe manufacturers instructions and shall meet the criteria ofSection 5.2.2.1.5.2.4 Clearance from
44、 the CeilingThe clearance from themasonry heater capping slab to the ceiling shall be a minimumof 200 mm (8 in.).5.2.4.1 Extensions of Exterior Wythes to CeilingWhenexterior masonry wythes of the masonry heater are carried tothe ceiling, insulate and vent the top of the masonry heaterabove the heat
45、exchange channels to reduce possible static heatbuildup.5.2.5 Wing WallsWing walls may be added to a masonryheater and used as room partitions. Wing walls located at thecorners of a masonry heater for the purpose of forming a roomdivider shall be a minimum of 100 mm (4 in.) in length and amaximum of
46、 100 mm (4 in.) in thickness and be constructedwith noncombustible materials. Wing walls located more than200 mm (8 in.) from a corner of the masonry heater shall be aminimum of 200 mm (8 in.) in length and a maximum of 100mm (4 in.) in thickness and be constructed with noncombus-tible materials.5.3
47、 Firebox FloorThe firebox floor shall be a minimumthickness of 100 mm (4 in.) of noncombustible material and atleast the top 50 mm (2 in.) shall be refractory material. Thefirebox floor or a portion thereof may also contain a cast irongrating.5.4 Hearth Extension:5.4.1 Masonry heaters shall have hea
48、rth extensions of brick,concrete, stone, tile, or other approved noncombustible mate-rial properly supported. Remove wooden forms used during theconstruction of hearth and hearth extension once constructionis completed.5.4.2 Closed Door FireboxesWith a masonry heater de-signed to be fired with a clo
49、sed door of glass or metal, thehearth extension shall be at least 500 mm (20 in.) in front of thefacing materials and at least 300 mm (12 in.) beyond each sideof the masonry heater opening. When a raised hearth of at least200 mm (8 in.) in height is used and the hearth extension islocated at the base of the door, the hearth extension can bereduced to 400 mm (16 in.) in front of the facing materials.5.4.3 Open Fireboxes:5.4.3.1 Where the firebox opening is less than 0.6
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