1、Designation: E1638 12Standard TerminologyRelating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1638; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONParticle size analysis through the use of standard test sieves, and particle separation through the useof screening media, are commo
3、nly adopted methods of achieving desired process specificationsrelated to particles. To ensure a better understanding of sizing and separation systems and processesand to ensure appropriate comparison of data, terminology common to the processes must bedocumented and defined.For Subcommittee E29.01
4、on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media, this is an ongoingprocess of developing new related terms. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, precision,and clarity for the terms included. Suggestions and comments for additions, corrections, and revisionsare welcomed.1. Scope1.1 This ter
5、minology includes all those terms used in all ofthe standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E29.01.Terms are defined that are related to the manufacture ofstandard test sieves and screening media, as well as termsrelated to the methods, analysis, procedures, and equipment forsizing and sepa
6、rating particles.1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterizationfeels that it is essential to include terms and definitions explicitto the scope, regardless of whether the terms appear in existingASTM standards. Terms that are in common usage and appearin common-language dictionaries are ge
7、nerally not included.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE161 Specification for Precision Electroformed SievesE454 Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate andScreens (Square Opening Series)E674 Specification for Industrial
8、Perforated Plate andScreens (Round Opening Series)E2016 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire ClothE2427 Test Method for Acceptance by Performance Testingfor SievesE2589 Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods ofPowder Characterization3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:agglomerate, ntwo or more part
9、icles adhering together.E1638aperture, nthe opening in a screening or sieving medium.E11aperture size, nthe dimension defining an opening in ascreening or sieving medium. E11bar, nthe metal between perforations. E454, E674blank, nan unperforated area located other than along theperimeter of a plate.
10、 E454, E674bolting grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group ofspecifications that are typical for higher sifting capacitiesand which can speed the bolting action of vibratory screen-ing machines, manufactured based on using a limited num-ber of wire diameters for a large group of mesh designati
11、ons.E2016DISCUSSION“Bolting Grade” designations are often misused; andshould not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designationshave become non-standard.break-out, va term applied to the action that occurs ahead ofthe punch in its going through the plate. E454, E674DISCUSSIONThe fracturing
12、 of the material results in a tapered holewith the small dimensions on the punch side.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current
13、edition approved May 15, 2012. Published June 2012. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1638 11a. DOI:10.1520/E1638-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
14、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.bulk density, nthe mass per unit volume of a material,including voids inherent in the materi
15、al as tested. E1638calibration test sieve, na test sieve manufactured usingsieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted inthe sieve frame, and that meets the requirements in accor-dance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on thestandard deviation of the number of sample openin
16、gs in thetest sieve (Column 11) not exceeding the maximum allow-able for a confidence level of 99.73 % (Column 12). E11centers, nthe dimensional sum of one perforation and onebar, or the dimensional distance from the center of oneperforation to the center of an adjacent perforation.E454, E674complia
17、nce test sieve, na test sieve manufactured usingsieve cloth which has been inspected prior to being mountedin the sieve frame, and that meets the requirements inaccordance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based onthe standard deviation of the required number of sampleopenings per 100 square
18、feet of sieve cloth (column 7) notexceeding the maximum allowable for a confidence level of66 % (column 8). E11crimp, nthe corrugation in the warp or shute wire, or both.E11, E2016DISCUSSIONThe crimp in the wires is formed either during theweaving process, or with a crimping machine prior to weaving
19、. Ifformed during the weaving process, the tension existing between thewarp and the shute wires fundamentally determines the respectiveamount of depth of crimp, which locks the wires in place and in partestablishes the firmness of the sieve cloth.cumulative retained distribution graph, na graph obta
20、inedby plotting the total (cumulative) percentage by the massretained on each of a set of sieves versus the correspondingaperture sizes. E1638DISCUSSIONAlso known as cumulative oversize distribution graph.cumulative passing distribution graph, na graph obtainedby plotting the total (cumulative) perc
21、entage by the masspassing each of a set of sieves versus the correspondingaperture sizes. E1638DISCUSSIONAlso known as cumulative undersize distributiongraph.die side, nthe surface of the plate that was against the dieduring the punching operation. E454, E674double crimp wire cloth, nwire cloth wove
22、n with approxi-mately equal corrugations in both the warp and shute wiresto lock the wires in position. E11, E2016electroformed material , nelectrodeposited grid materialconsisting of precision openings used as the base material forelectroformed sieves. E161electroformed sieves, nsee test sieves (el
23、ectroformed).E161endpoint, npoint at which no more material falls through thesieve concluding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation. E2427finished end pattern, nthe condition that occurs with somespecifications of staggered pattern perforations as a result oftool design where the patter
24、n is completed on both ends ofthe plate. E454, E674firmness, na subjective term referring to the planar rigidityof wire cloth (as a roll good, not mounted in a frame).E11, E2016DISCUSSIONFirmness is established by the tensile strength of thematerial, the relationship of the mesh to wire diameters, t
25、he type ofweave, and amount of crimp in the wires. The absence of firmness inwire cloth is termed sleaziness.flat top wire cloth, nwire cloth with deep crimps, as in lockcrimp, except that all crimps are on the under side of thecloth, leaving the top surface all in one plane. E2016DISCUSSIONSometime
26、s designated smooth top.gage (also gauge), na number designating a specific thick-ness of metal sheet tabulated in a standardized series, each ofwhich represents a decimal fraction of an inch. E454inspection test sieve, na test sieve manufactured using sievecloth which has been inspected after being
27、 mounted in thesieve frame, and that meets the requirements in accordancewith Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on the standarddeviation of the required number of sample openings in thetest sieve (Column 9) not exceeding the maximum allowablefor a confidence level of 99 % (Column 10). E11int
28、ermediate crimp wire cloth, nprecrimped wire clothwith extra crimps or corrugations between the points ofintersection. E2016DISCUSSIONSometimes designated intercrimp or multiple crimp.lock crimp wire cloth, nprecrimped wire cloth with deepcrimps at the points of intersection to lock the wires secure
29、lyin place. E2016margin or border, nan unperforated area located along theperimeter of a plate. E454, E674market grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group ofspecifications that are typical for use in the general industrialmarket, manufactured based on using a different wire diam-eter for each of
30、 the common mesh designations. E2016DISCUSSION“Market Grade” designations are often misused; andshould not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designationshave become non-standard.matched test sieve, na test sieve that reproduces theperformance results of another test sieve within user defi
31、nedlimits for a designated material (for information only andmay not be in compliance with Specification E11). E11median particle size, nthe particle size at which half thedistribution (by mass, volume, number, etc.) is larger thanand half smaller than the stated size. E1638, E2589mesh, nthe number
32、of wires or openings per linear inch(25.4 mm), counted from the center of any wire to a pointexactly one inch (25.4 mm) distant, including the fractionaldistance between either thereof. E11, E2016mill grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group ofspecifications that are typical for milling grain a
33、nd otherlight screening, manufactured based on using a different wirediameter for each of the common mesh designations.E2016E1638 122DISCUSSION“Mill Grade” designations are often misused; andshould not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designationshave become non-standard.near size partic
34、le, na particle of a size approximately equalto the aperture size of the sieve that may block an opening.E1638non standard frames (electroformed), nsieve frames otherthan as specified in accordance with Table 2 of SpecificationE161 that may be circular, square, rectangular, or non-metal.E161DISCUSSI
35、ONThe frame may have the electroformed sheet perma-nently attached, or it may be designed so the electroformed sheet isreplaceable.non standard frames (wire cloth), nsieve frames other thanas specified in accordance with Table 2 of Specification E11that may be circular, square, rectangular, or non-m
36、etal.E11DISCUSSIONThe frame may have the sieve cloth permanentlyattached, or it may be designed so the sieve cloth is replaceable.pan (also collection pan), na device that collects all of thematerial that has passed the sieving process, typically usedon the bottom of the sieve stack. E161, E2427part
37、icle size analysis, nthe process by which the particlesize distribution is determined. E1638particle size distribution, nin sieve analysis, the percent-ages, by mass or number, of all fractions into which varioussizes of particles are classified. E1638percent open area, nthe ratio of the area of the
38、 openings tothe total area expressed as a percentage, that theoreticallycan be calculated as follows for wire cloth: E2016OA 5 1MwDw!1MsDs!100!where:OA = the percent open area,Mw= the mesh warp,Ms= the mesh shute,Dw= the diameter warp wire, andDs= the diameter shute wire.percent passing, nmass fract
39、ion percentage of material thatpasses through the sieve after the test has been performed.E1638percent retained, nmass fraction percentage of material thatis left upon or retained by the sieve after the test has beenperformed. E2427perforated pattern, nthe pattern that the perforations arearranged i
40、n, usually in a staggered pattern with midpointsnominally at the vertices of isosceles triangles or squarepatterns arranged in line with their midpoints nominally atthe vertices of squares. E454plain weave, nsee types of weaves, plain.precrimp, nwire cloth woven with both the warp and shutewires cri
41、mped before weaving. E11rectangular (off-count) mesh, nEither precrimp or doublecrimp wire cloth having a different number of wires in thewarp and shute, producing rectangular openings; the diam-eter of the warp and shute wires may be the same ordifferent. E2016representative sample, na sample taken
42、 from a quantity ofmaterial that exhibits the characteristics of the originalmaterial from which it was taken. E1638screen, n(1) surface provided with apertures of uniform sizeand shape; (2) another term used interchangeably for wovenwire cloth; (3) a machine provided with one or more screensurfaces
43、. E674, E2016screening, vprocess of separating a mixture of different sizesby means of one or more screen surfaces. E454, E674selvage, nthe edge or border of wire cloth finished off so asto prevent unraveling; examples of finished edges includelooped selvage, folded selvage, cut and tucked, welded,p
44、lastic bonded, and bent-back picket, as opposed to a raw orcut edge. E2016shute wires, nthe wires running the short way of, or acrossthe cloth as woven (also referred to as the shoot, fill, or weftwires). E2016sieve, nan apparatus consisting of a media with regularlyspaced apertures of uniform size,
45、 mounted in a suitableframe or holder, for use in separating material according tosize. E11, E1638sieve analysis, nthe act of obtaining a particle size distribu-tion using test sieves. E1638sieve cloth, nwoven wire cloth conforming to SpecificationE11. E11sieve shaker, nthe mechanical device or meth
46、od used toshake the sieves, excluding hand sieving. E2427sleaziness, nwire cloth that does not exhibit firmness.E11, E2016smooth side or punch side, nthe surface of the plate thatwas the uppermost during the punching operation andthrough which the punch entered the plate. E454, E674space cloth, nwir
47、e cloth that is designated by the width ofthe open spaces between the inside faces of adjacent parallelwires, expressed in inches or the metric equivalent. E2016square mesh, nwire cloth having the same number of wiresin both the warp and shute. E11, E2016support grid, nconductive metal grid mounted
48、to the sievesheet. E161test sample, na quantity of material required for use directlyin a testing procedure. E1638test sieve (electroformed), na sieve manufactured by mount-ing electroformed material consisting of high precisionopenings in a frame, designed for use in particle size analysisby sievin
49、g. E161test sieve (perforated plate), na sieve manufactured bymounting perforated plate in a frame, designed for use inparticle size analysis by sieving. E161test sieve (wire cloth), na sieve manufactured by mountingsieve cloth in a frame, designed for use in particle sizeanalysis by sieving. E11triple shute, nwire cloth woven with three shute wiresinserted adjacent to each other, often constructed in confor-mance with precrimp rectangular. E2016twill weave, nsee types of weaves, twill.types of weavesh
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