1、Designation: E1677 11Standard Specification forAir Barrier (AB) Material or System for Low-Rise FramedBuilding Walls1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performances andspecification criteria for an air barrier (AB) material or syst
3、emfor framed walls of low-rise buildings. The intended users arepurchasers of the AB, specifiers of the AB and regulatorygroups. The provisions contained in this specification areintended to allow the user to design the wall performancecriteria and increase AB specifications to accommodate aparticul
4、ar climate location, function, or design of the intendedbuilding. Air barrier performance and specification minimumswere selected with the service life of the building wall in mind.1.2 This specification focuses on ABs for opaque walls.Other areas of the exterior envelope, such as roofs, floors, and
5、interfaces between these areas are not included in this specifi-cation.1.3 This specification does not address air leakage into thewall cavity, that is, windwashing. No standardized test hasbeen developed that adequately identifies all of the influencingfactors and measures the impact of this effect
6、 on the wallsthermal performance.1.4 The specifications in this standard are not intended to beutilized for energy load calculations and are not based on anexpected level of energy consumption.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses ar
7、e mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Annex A1, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, as
8、sociated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders forT
9、hermal InsulationE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE241 Guide for Limiting Water-Induced Damage to Build-ingsE283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure DifferencesAcross the SpecimenE330 T
10、est Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure DifferenceE331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Win-dows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure DifferenceE631 Terminology of Building C
11、onstructionsE1424 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leak-age Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure and Temperature DifferencesAcross the Specimen2.2 ASHRAE Standards:3ASHRAE 62 Acceptable Indoor Air Quality2.3 ASCE Standards:4ASCE 7-88 1990, Minimum Des
12、ign Loads for Buildingsand Other Structure, Fig. 1, Basic Wind Speed (mph)2.4 CSA Standards:5Air Barrier System For Walls of Low-Rise BuildingsPerformance and Assessment1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of
13、Subcommittee E06.41on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1677 05. DOI:10.1520/E1677-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o
14、rcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, A
15、tlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to buildingconstruction used in this specification, refer to TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
17、:3.2.1 air exfiltrationair leakage out of the building drivenby negative pressure.3.2.1.1 negative pressureair pressure on the outdoor sideof a building envelope lower than on the indoor side.3.2.2 air infiltrationair leakage into the building drivenby positive pressure.3.2.2.1 positive pressureair
18、pressure on the outdoor sideof a building envelope higher than on the indoor side.3.2.3 air leakagethe movement/flow of air through thebuilding envelope, which is driven by either positive (infiltra-tion) or negative (exfiltration) pressure differences, or both,across the envelope.3.2.3.1 Discussion
19、These pressure differences are causedby wind, mechanical systems, and temperature differences(stack effect).3.2.4 air leakage ratethe time rate of air flow across theair barrier.3.2.4.1 DiscussionExpressed as cubic feet per minute persquare foot ofAB surface at a stated pressure differential acrosst
20、he AB expressed in inches of H2O. (Cubic metres per secondper square metre of AB surface at a pressure differential inPascals.)3.2.5 air barrier (AB)a material or system in buildingconstruction that is designed and installed to reduce air leakageeither into or through the opaque wall.3.2.6 opaque wa
21、llall exposed areas of a wall that encloseconditioned space, except openings for windows, doors, andbuilding service systems.3.2.7 structural integrityfor the purpose of this specifica-tion, it is the ability of the AB to maintain air leakageperformance after exposure to elevated positive and negati
22、vepressure (see 5.1.2 for performance).3.2.8 ultravioletradiation lying in the ultraviolet range;wavelengths shorter than visible light, but longer than X-rays;ultraviolet light can effect the durability of some buildingmaterials.3.2.9 vapor retardera material or system that adequatelyimpedes the tr
23、ansmission of water vapor under specifiedconditions.3.2.9.1 DiscussionFor practical purposes it is assumedthat the permeance of a vapor retarder will not exceed oneperm in inch-pound units (57.4 ng/(s m2 Pa), although atpresent this value may only be appropriate for residentialconstruction. For cert
24、ain other types of construction, thepermeance must be lower.3.2.10 water leakagepenetration of water onto the exte-rior plane of framing or cavity insulation under specifiedconditions of air pressure difference across theAB during a testperiod.3.2.11 water resistancethe capability of a material orsy
25、stem to retard water leakage.3.2.12 water vapor diffusionthe process by which watervapor spreads or moves through permeable materials caused bya difference in water vapor pressure.3.2.13 water vapor permeancethe time rate of watervapor transmission through unit area of flat material orconstruction i
26、nduced by unit vapor pressure difference betweentwo specific surfaces, under specified temperature and humid-ity conditions.3.2.13.1 DiscussionPermeance is a performance evalua-tion and not a property of a material. An acceptable unit ofpermeance is the perm: expressed in the units grain/h ft2in.Hg
27、(metric perm = expressed in the units ng/(s m2 Pa).4. Classification4.1 This specification covers two types of ABs. The perfor-mance requirements are shown in Table 1.5. Performance Requirements5.1 This specification does not prohibit a user from increas-ing a specification performance requirement;
28、however, thespecification shown shall not be reduced.The user shall consultAnnexA1 for additional mandatory requirements, for example,test specimen and procedure. Appendix X1-Appendix X3contain additional considerations. The performance require-ments are not intended to be used to predict specific l
29、evels ofperformance in the field, however they are intended to be usedin the evaluation of ABs.5.1.1 Air LeakageAB shall be tested in accordance withTest Method E283. Air leakage rate shall not exceed 0.06cfm/ft2at 0.3 in. H2O. (0.3 3 103m3/(sm2) at 75 Pa.)NOTE 1Air leakage rate of 0.06 cfm/ft2at 0.
30、3 in. H2O correspondsapproximately to a low rise building (floor area = 125 m2) with an airleakage rate of 1.0 to 2.0 air changes/h at 0.2 in. H2O (50 Pa) in which25 % of the leakage occurs through the opaque walls.5.1.2 Structural IntegrityAir barrier shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method E
31、330, Procedure Ano deflec-tion information is required. The AB shall withstand sustainedminimum pressure of 2 in. H2O (500 Pa) (equivalent windspeed of approximately 65 mph or 29 m/s) for 1 h. Thespecimen shall pass this test by retesting the air leakageperformance requirement and passing the requir
32、ement in 5.1.1.NOTE 2The user can consult the map in ASCE 7-88 for guidance onwind speeds for the area where the building will be located. Thisrequirement does not address gust wind loads where the windspeed can besignificantly higher but for a very short period of time. If an AB is usedin a high gu
33、st area, the user may require testing at a higher pressure for ashorter period to simulate gust conditions. The CSA standard, Air BarrierSystems for Walls of Low-Rise Buildings, is an example of structuralintegrity, which is referred to as structural capacity.TABLE 1 AB ClassificationsPerformance Pr
34、opertiesClassificationsType I Type IIAir leakage in accordance with 5.1.1 in accordance with 5.1.1Structural integrity in accordance with 5.1.2 in accordance with 5.1.2Water resistance in accordance with 5.1.3 not requiredWater vapor permeance in accordance with 5.1.4 in accordance with 5.1.4Supplem
35、entalrequirementsin accordance withSection 6in accordance withSection 6E1677 1125.1.3 Water ResistanceType I ABs shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method E331. No water penetration shalloccur onto the exterior plane of framing or cavity insulation at0.11 in. H2O (27 Pa) pressure difference (equ
36、ivalent windspeed of approximately 15 mph) during a 15-min. test period(see Table 1).5.1.4 Water Vapor Permeance, or water vapor transmissionrate of an AB material or materials of a system shall bedetermined and reported in accordance with Test MethodE96/E96M, Procedure A. The test shall utilize sta
37、ndard testconditions of 73.4F (23C) and a relative humidity of 50 62%.NOTE 3This test specification is specific to the AB material ormaterials that make up the system. The user can consult X2.3 forinformation on permeance.6. Supplemental Requirements6.1 Air barrier manufacturers shall provide field
38、applicationinstructions on how to install the AB to achieve continuity.6.2 Air barrier manufacturers shall make available uponrequest the test configuration used to achieve the performancerequirements of Section 5.6.3 If an AB is susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) degradation,the AB manufacturers shall
39、 provide application/installationinstructions that indicate the amount of UV exposure theproduct can withstand. TheAB manufacturer shall also provideupon request test configuration and procedure for UV testing.6.4 The classification of ABs shall be clearly identifiableeither in the accompanying lite
40、rature, on their packaging, or ontheir product. (See Table 1 for classification of ABs.)7. Keywords7.1 air barrier; air exfiltration; air infiltration; air leakage; airleakage rate; opaque wall; structural integrity; vapor retarder;water leakage; water resistance; water vapor permeanceANNEX(Mandator
41、y Information)A1. TESTING AIR LEAKAGE, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, AND WATER RESISTANCEA1.1 Test ApparatusA1.1.1 Test apparatus shall conform to Test Methods E283,E330, and E331 except as modified by this specification.A1.2 Test SpecimenA1.2.1 Wall shall be constructed 8 ft by 8 ft or larger, 2 in.by 4 in
42、. framing, and stud spacing of 16 in. on center (anyadditional material attached to this frame shall be consideredpart of the AB).A1.2.2 The AB tested shall not include installation proce-dures that are different from those in field application instruc-tions. Seams representative of those in the fie
43、ld applicationshall be included within the test area.A1.2.2.1 If a component of an exterior AB is installed as 4ft by 8 ft sheathing (with long dimension vertically installed) orless, at least two vertical seams shall be within the test area.A1.2.2.2 If an AB is less than 8 ft in the vertical direct
44、ion,at least one horizontal seam shall be within the test area. Moreseams are required with narrow (less than 4-ft wide) products.A1.2.2.3 Both vertical edges of the wall shall be sealed withcaulk, gasket, or tape. The AB manufacturer shall specify howthe top and bottom of the wall shall be treated.
45、 If the wall hascaulking, gasketing, or tape utilized at the top or bottom, orboth, it shall be considered part of the AB, and shall beprescribed by the manufacturer for field application.A1.2.3 If interior wallboard, or similar type material, is usedas part of theAB, the following practices shall b
46、e incorporated.A1.2.3.1 The wallboard shall be installed by sealing seamsat the top and both vertical edges of the wall. The bottom shallremain unsealed to simulate normal construction practice. Ifsealing of the bottom edge is called for by the AB manufac-turer, it is then considered part of their s
47、ystem. Vertical orhorizontal seams within the field of the test area shall be sealedto simulate taping.A1.2.3.2 A minimum of one electrical receptacle shall beinstalled through the interior wallboard surface (14 in. off thefloor for every 64 ft2of test area). The outlet shall benongasketing with a m
48、inimum of 2 open knockouts. Holesshall be drilled (58 in. not less than 14 in. from the floor)through each internal stud to simulate wiring penetration andallow for pressure equalization of each stud cavity. Wiringshall not be installed in tested assembly. If any gasketing/caulkis requested by theAB
49、 manufacturer, it shall be considered partof the AB.A1.2.4 For negative and positive pressure difference testing,use either of the following two test options to simulate theinstallation of an exterior finish/cladding. If the exterior finish/cladding is the AB the following two test options are notrequired (see Refs. (1) and (2)6for additional guidance).A1.2.4.1 To simulate a lap siding install 1 in. by 1 in. woodstrips placed horizontally 9 in. apart to the face of the exteriorAB. Install the specimen in the test apparatus so the AB isobs
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