1、Designation: E 1727 05Standard Practice forField Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent LeadDetermination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1727; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples fromareas in and around buildings and related structures usingcorin
3、g and scooping methods.1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soilsamples from areas that are paved.1.3 This practice does not address the sampling designcriteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number andlocation of samples) that are used for risk assessment and otherlead haz
4、ard activities.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and arenot part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purpor
5、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 160
6、5 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE 1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE 2239 Practice for Record K
7、eeping and Record Preserva-tion for Lead Hazard Activities3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms not appearinghere, see Terminology E 1605.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 soil collection containera sealable rigid-walled con-tainer or a resealable plastic bag f
8、or holding and transportingthe soil sample from the field to the laboratory.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe volume must be sufficient to holdthe entire collected subsample or sample.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Soil samples are collected using coring or scoopingmethods.5. Significance and Use5.1 Although this pr
9、actice is intended for the collection ofsoil samples from areas in and around buildings, this practicemay also be used to collect soil samples from other areas andenvironments.5.2 This practice limits soil collection to approximately thetop 1.5 cm of soil surface.5.3 These samples are collected in a
10、 manner that will permitsubsequent digestion and determination of lead using labora-tory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E 1613).6. Materials and Equipment6.1 Soil Coring Tool
11、, minimum diameter of 2.5 cm (1 in.),or as agreed upon by the parties requesting and collecting thesamples, lead-free, for use in coring.6.1.1 The coring tool shall be capable of being forced intohard ground without damage to a depth of at least 5 cm (2 in.)and have a mechanism to remove the soil sa
12、mple from the toolto permit discarding all but the top 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of the soilcore (see Note 1).NOTE 1A number of devices can be used or modified for use as soilcoring tools. For example: professional stainless steel coring toolsequipped with plastic liners, steel pipe, plastic pipe, or small s
13、apling (tree)planters. Removal of the soil core is generally performed using a pair ofplungers cut to fit the inside diameter of the coring device. One plunger is1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
14、ee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1727 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic
15、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.equipped with a stop that limits extension of the plunger
16、 to within 1.5 cm(0.6 in.) from the far end of the coring tool. It is used to remove all exceptthe top 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of the soil core from the coring tool. The otherplunger (without a stop) is used to remove the remaining 1.5 cm of the soilcore from the coring tool. The coring procedure in this p
17、ractice assumesthe coring tool has been equipped with these two types of plungers.6.2 Containers, Sealable, Rigid Walled, for use in scoopingor in serving as soil collection containers, 50 mL.6.2.1 Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of asuitable resealable rigid-walled container.6.3 S
18、poon, lead-free, for use in scooping.6.4 Plastic Bags, for use as soil collection containers;approximately 1 L or 4 L (1 qt or 1 gal) resealable plastic bags.6.5 Steel or Plastic Measuring Tape.6.6 Plastic Gloves, powderless.6.6.1 Use of plastic gloves minimizes potential contamina-tion of the colle
19、cted soil from powders used in “powdered”gloves.6.7 Indelible (Permanent) Marking Pen.6.8 Cloths, clean for use in cleaning sampling tools.6.9 Water (Optional), for use in cleaning sampling tools.6.10 Trash Bags.7. Lead Contamination7.1 Lead contamination problems during field sampling canbe severe
20、and can affect soil analysis results.7.2 Minimize contamination through adherence to the fol-lowing recommendations:7.2.1 Change gloves frequently,7.2.2 Collect each sample wearing a new pairs of gloves,7.2.3 Clean sampling equipment and measuring tapes fre-quently with cloths, drinking water, or bo
21、th, and7.2.4 Do not handle soil collection containers until just priorto use.8. Procedure for Core Sampling8.1 General Comments:8.1.1 Coring methods are effective for collection fromdense, hard, or sticky soils. Coring methods are not intendedfor collection of loose, sandy soils (see Note 2).NOTE 2C
22、oring methods are more effective than scooping methods forthe collection of reproducible replicate samples. Coring methods have theadvantage of sampling a reproducible cross-sectional area and depth.8.2 The following procedure is for collection of soils usinga coring method at a given sample locatio
23、n within a samplingsite.8.2.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless plastic gloves (see6.6.1).8.2.2 If needed, clean the coring tool using cloths, drinkingwater, or both.8.2.3 Using a clean plunger (without stop), push the remain-ing 1.5 cm section of the core sample into a soil collectioncontainer.8.2.4
24、Place the core sample into a soil collection container.8.2.5 Collect two more soil cores, at a minimum, within a0.3 m (1 ft) diameter circle around the location where the firstcore was taken using the same procedure (8.2.3). Place each ofthese cores into the same soil collection container used for t
25、hefirst core.8.2.6 If the soil collection container used is a plastic bag,place the bag containing the sample in an additional bag, thatis, double-bag the sample.8.2.7 Label the soil collection container with sufficientinformation to uniquely identify the sample.8.2.8 Discard the gloves in the trash
26、 bag.8.2.9 Don a pair of clean, powderless plastic gloves. Cleanthe coring tool and plungers using cloths, drinking water, orboth, until visibly clean. Discard the cloths and gloves in atrash bag.9. Procedures for Scoop Sampling9.1 General Comments:9.1.1 Scooping methods are effective for collection
27、 fromsemisoft, sticky, and loose sandy soils (see Note 2). Scoopingmethods are not intended for the collection of soils from hardsoils.9.1.2 The scooping methods described here may result incollection bias toward increased amounts of surface soil asopposed to subsurface soil because of the curvature
28、 of thecollection tools.9.2 The following procedures are for collection of soilsusing scoop sampling methods.9.3 Scoop Sampling Using a Rigid-Walled Container:9.3.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see6.6.1).9.3.2 Determine the proper burying depth of the containerneeded to collect a
29、pproximately the top 1.5 cm of soil using ameasuring tape (see Note 3).NOTE 3For example; if the container is about 3 cm in diameter, thenthe proper burying depth during scooping is to insert the container into thesoil until the soil surface is about even with the center of the container.9.3.3 Inser
30、t the open end of the container into the soil at thesampling location to the desired depth as determined in 9.3.2.Collect the soil into the container by pushing or pulling itthrough the soil surface while maintaining the burying depth inthe soil. Move the container a distance of 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8i
31、n.) across the soil surface to complete collection of the soil.9.3.4 Remove the container from the ground and wipe offthe outside of the container with a gloved finger. Place thesample into a soil collection container.9.3.5 Collect two more soils samples, at a minimum, withina 0.3-m (1-ft) diameter
32、circle around the location where thefirst scoop sample was taken using the same procedure(9.3.2-9.3.4). Place each of these scoop samples into the samesoil collection container used for the first one.9.3.6 If the soil collection container used is a plastic bag,place the bag containing the sample int
33、o an additional bag, thatis, double-bag the sample.9.3.7 Label the collection container with sufficient informa-tion to uniquely identify the sample.9.3.8 Discard the gloves in the trash bag.9.4 Scoop Sampling Using a Spoon:9.4.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see6.6.1).E17270529.4
34、.2 Using a measuring tape and a clean spoon, dig a smalltest hole adjacent to the sampling location to the depth of 1.5cm. Use this hole as a visual aid during soil collection to helplimit collection to a depth of 1.5 cm.9.4.3 Clean the spoon using cloths, water, or both.9.4.4 Collect soil into a so
35、il collection container by scoop-ing with the spoon down to the depth indicated by the test hole(see 9.4.2). Continue to collect soil until a cylindrical hole ofapproximately 5 cm diameter and 1.5 cm depth has beencreated.9.4.5 Collect soil from a minimum of two more locationswithin a 0.3 m (1 ft) d
36、iameter circle around the first samplelocation using the same procedure (9.4.1-9.4.4). Place theseadditional scoop samples into the same soil collection con-tainer used for the first sample.9.4.6 If the soil collection container used is a plastic bag,place the bag containing the sample into an addit
37、ional bag, thatis, double-bag the sample.9.4.7 Label the soil collection container with sufficientinformation to uniquely identify the sample.9.4.8 Discard the gloves in a trash bag.9.4.9 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves. Cleanthe spoon using cloths, drinking water, or both. Discard t
38、hecloths and gloves in a trash bag.10. Record Keeping10.1 Records shall be maintained in accordance with Prac-tice E 2239, and shall include a copy of the field collectionreport.11. Report11.1 Field data related to sample collection shall be docu-mented in a sample log form or field notebook (see No
39、te 4).NOTE 4Field notebooks are useful for recording field data even whenpreprinted sample data forms are used.11.2 At a minimum, the field collection report shall includethe following information:11.2.1 Project or client name, address, and city/state loca-tion,11.2.2 General sampling site descripti
40、on,11.2.3 The specific collection protocol used for eachsample,11.2.4 For each sample collected, an individual and uniquesample identifier and date of collection, and11.2.5 For each sample collected, the name of the personcollecting the sample and the sampling location from which thesample was remov
41、ed.12. Keywords12.1 coring; lead; sample collection; scooping; soilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
42、such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are inv
43、ited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received
44、 a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E1727053
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