1、Designation: E1748 95 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forEvaluating the Engagement Between Windows and InsectScreens as an Integral System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the static loadresistance of an insect scre
3、en in its functional position in awindow under load conditions prescribed by appropriate speci-fying authorities.1.2 This test method is applicable to insect screens largerthan 12 in. (300 mm) in least dimension that can be accessedfrom both the interior and exterior direction when the insectscreen
4、is in the functional position.1.3 This test method evaluates both the interior and exteriorstatic load resistance of the insect screen attachment to thewindow frame.1.4 This test method describes the apparatus and the proce-dure to be used for applying static loads to specimens.1.5 The values stated
5、 in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
6、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles o
7、n standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building Constructi
8、ons2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/SMA 6001 Specifications for Metal ProtectionScreens2.3 SMA Standard:4SMA/SMT 31 Testing Procedures and Equipment Bulletinfor Attachment of Screening to Frame3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology E631, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 De
9、finitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 engagementthe physical state of clearances or inter-ferences of an insect screen attached to or contained within awindow unit.3.2.2 insect screena frame holding a woven netting ofsufficient strand diameter and spacing to allow ventilationwhile provi
10、ding some degree of protection against insects.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of installing a window unitwith its insect screen(s) in the functional position into a testframe and then applying a specified static load to the insectscreen for a duration of 60 s in both the inte
11、rior and exteriordirections.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a design tool to evaluate theengagement between the window and insect screen under static1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
12、ittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1748 95 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/E1748-95R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM we
13、bsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, ht
14、tp:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Screen Manufacturers Association (SMA), 10526 South Ave. J,Chicago Illinois 60617, http:/www.smainfo.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in acco
15、rdance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1loading. The ability of insect
16、screens to remain engageddepends on the magnitude, duration, repetition of loads, andthe method of engagement. The platen size and shape werechosen to prevent screen cloth damage during static loading.The 60-s duration was arbitrarily chosen to standardize this testmethod.5.2 This test method is not
17、 intended for evaluating retentionof woven screen mesh to a screen frame.NOTE 1The procedure described in SMA/SMT 31 is one method thathas been developed for such evaluation.5.3 This test method is not intended for evaluating retentionof security or protection screens used as a deterrent againstvand
18、alism or forced entry.NOTE 2The procedure described in ANSI/SMA 6001 is one methodthat has been developed for such evaluation.5.4 This test method is not intended for evaluating theretention of insect screens being used as a restraint of occu-pants within the building as a means of preventing accide
19、ntalfalls.5.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating retentionof insect screens for their ability to withstand impacts fromwindborne debris as might develop during hurricanes or otherwindstorm events.6. Apparatus6.1 Test FrameA reaction frame or box constructed toaccept and rigidly position
20、 the test specimen to permit appli-cation of load from both the interior and exterior directionswith sufficient clearances so as not to interfere with thedeflection or displacement of the test specimen under load. Testframes shall be constructed to permit vertical installation of thetest specimen. T
21、est frames are permitted to be rotated to thehorizontal position after the test specimen is installed tofacilitate testing using dead weights.6.2 Static Loading DeviceA load application device ordead weights capable of applying the specified static load to thetest specimen through a rigid circular p
22、laten 12 612 in.(300 6 15 mm) in diameter. The bottom edge of the platenshall be rounded to a radius between132 to14 in. (1 to 6 mm)to prevent cutting the insect screening during load application.The applied static load shall be measured to an accuracy of61 lb (4.5 N) of the total load applied to in
23、clude, ifappropriate, the mass of the insect screen and applied mass ofthe platen.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimen shall consist of the entire assembledinsect screen and its engagement into a window unit. Insectscreens shall be positioned in their functional position for alltests.7.1.1 Operati
24、ng glazed sash or storm inserts, if present, shallbe in an open position such that they will not interfere withdeflections of the screen and frame under loading or removedfrom the test specimen assembly.7.1.2 When a test specimen contains more than one insectscreen that is not identical in construct
25、ion and designengagement, each insect screen shall be tested separately.7.2 Test specimens shall be of the greatest dimension inboth directions for which conformance is desired, unlessotherwise prescribed by the specifying authority.NOTE 3Test specimen performance is likely to be a function of sizea
26、nd geometry.8. Information Required8.1 In specifying this test method, the specifying authorityshall supply the following information:8.1.1 The interior and exterior static load, and8.1.2 The number and location of deflection or displacementmeasurements required during and after removal of load, ifa
27、ny.9. Procedure9.1 PreparationRemove any sealing or packing materialthat is not normally part of the assembly as installed. Fit thetest specimen into the test frame in accordance with themanufacturers installation instructions. Position all operatingglazed sash or panels in an open position such tha
28、t they will notinterfere with deflections of the screen and frame under loadingor remove them from the test specimen. Place all insect screensin their functional position.9.2 Operate the insect screen (except as noted in 9.2.3) fivetimes prior to testing. After operation, position the test appa-ratu
29、s so that one side of the test specimen faces the staticloading device.9.2.1 Fixed removable insect screens shall be removed andinstalled five times.9.2.2 Operating insect screens shall be moved to their fullyopened and then fully closed positions, (or moved from theirfunctional to stored positions
30、and then back again) five times.9.2.3 Fixed, nonremovable insect screens shall require nooperation prior to testing.9.3 Apply the specified static load perpendicular to the testspecimen with the platen centered on the insect screen, that is,that point where diagonal lines drawn through the screencor
31、ners intersect. No dynamic forces are to be introduced intothe test during the loading of the specimen. After the load is atrest, it shall remain in position for a period of 60 6 5s.9.4 Remove load.9.5 Observe and report (see 10.1) any disengagement ordeformation.9.6 Inspect the insect screen for da
32、mage if disengagement ordistortion occurs and allow for the use of a new insect screenprior to testing in the reverse direction, if appropriate.9.7 Reposition the test apparatus or specimen so that theopposite side of the test specimen faces the static loadingdevice.9.8 Repeat 9.3 9.5.9.9 If multipl
33、e insect screens are to be tested, it is permis-sible to use the same window unit with a new insect screenproviding no damage to the window is found upon inspection.E1748 95 (2017)210. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Date of the test and the report,10.1.2 Identification of the spe
34、cimen (manufacturer, sourceof supply, dimensions, model types, material, and other perti-nent information),10.1.3 Detailed drawings of the specimen, showing dimen-sioned vertical and horizontal cross sections of the insectscreen engagement into the window, anchorage, and any otherpertinent construct
35、ion details. Include a description of the type,quantity, and location(s) of the locking and operating hardware.Any deviation from the drawings or any modifications made tothe specimen (including removal of the sash when necessary,and if this would be likely to affect the results of the test) toobtai
36、n the reported values shall be noted on the drawings andin the report,10.1.4 The load in pounds (newtons) exerted on thespecimen,10.1.5 If disengagements occur, report the location anddegree of any permanent deformations or other signs ofdamage for each specimen tested,10.1.6 When the tests are made
37、 to check conformity of thespecimen to a particular specification, identify or describe thatspecification,10.1.7 A statement that the tests were or were not conductedin accordance with this test method, along with a full descrip-tion of any deviations from this test method,10.1.8 The name of the aut
38、hor of the report,10.1.9 The names and addresses of both the testing agencythat conducted the tests and the requester of the tests,10.1.10 Ambient conditions, including temperature, beforeand during tests, and10.1.11 Signatures of persons responsible for supervision ofthe tests and a list of officia
39、l observers.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Due to the subjective nature of the test method failuremode (engagement or extent of engagement), it is not possibleto determine the precision or bias of this test method.12. Keywords12.1 engagement; insect screen; windowASTM International takes no position res
40、pecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This
41、standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Intern
42、ational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown be
43、low.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 95 (2017)3
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