1、Designation: E 1804 07Standard Practice forPerforming and Reporting Cost Analysis During the DesignPhase of a Project1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1804; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers an arranged method for providingcost analysis during the design phase of buildings.1.2 Th
3、e use of this practice increases the level of commu-nication between the design professional, owner, and the costprofessional providing the cost consulting services.1.3 The practice establishes a structured method to supportdesign decisions.1.4 The practice provides design and cost professionals wit
4、ha framework for historically tabulating information to be usedon relevant future projects.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE 1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Econ
5、omic Evaluation of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT II3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminologies E 631 and E 833.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice provides an organize
6、d approach for costanalysis during the design phase of a building project. Thepractice presents the necessary information for the designprofessional and owners to make decisions.4.2 This practice establishes a recommended procedure forformatting the final project information for its use in forecast-
7、ing the cost of future projects.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice increases the level of communication,provides an organized approach to cost control during thedesign of a project, and also provides a means of identifyingextraordinary cost items and changes in assumptions betweenestimates.5.2
8、 The users of this practice include owners, developers,contractors, cost professionals, estimators, architects, engi-neers, specification writers, quantity surveyors, and anyonecharged with the responsibility of successfully managing thedesign of a building within a specified budget.5.3 Use this rep
9、orting format during the following:5.3.1 Contracting for design cost analysis services,5.3.2 Comparing the current design costs to a previousestimate, and5.3.3 Responding to each design phase.5.4 This practice provides a tool for analyzing designoptions and examining strategies to maintain the build
10、ingbudget.6. Types of Estimates and Level of Detail6.1 Purpose of Estimate:6.1.1 The cost analysis procedure consists of providinginformation in text and estimate form at the completion of eachsignificant phase of the design process: program, schematic,design development, and construction documents.
11、 Apply thisformat for each component when the construction project iscomprised of several definable building types.6.1.2 Comparisons of Uniformat II estimates to a contrac-tors proposal will require the estimate to be resummarized toMasterFormat.36.2 Program Phase Estimate:6.2.1 The program/predesig
12、n estimate includes constructioncosts, construction impact fees, and construction related ex-penditures. It is prepared from the early stage of the designprocess to assemble project data in a systematic format fromestablished project criteria. The resulting report provides thebaseline criteria and c
13、osts for the design team.6.2.2 The program predesign estimate is prepared in anelemental form using Uniformat II (Classification E 1557).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 onBuilding Econ
14、omics.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 1804 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
15、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Construction Specifications Institute, 99 Canal Center Plaza,Suite 300, Alexandria VA 22314.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
16、ed States.Elemental analysis allows the estimate to be prepared usingbasic elements, costs per square foot (meter) of gross floorarea, ratios, and, where necessary, lump sum allowances.Calculate the design allowance using risk evaluation tech-niques as described in 7.7 of Guide E 1369.6.3 Schematic
17、Design Phase Estimate:6.3.1 The schematic design estimate provides for the firstcost analysis based on project specific design criteria. Preparethe estimate in Uniformat II, Level 3 (Classification E 1557)based on preliminary floor plans, preliminary specificationoutlines, general finish schedule in
18、formation, and typicalstructural, mechanical, and electrical information. Use buildingparameters in establishing the project base line costs. Whenspecific criteria are not yet established, use target costs(allowances). Target costs provide design team guidance dur-ing the continuation of the design.
19、 Calculate the designallowance using risk evaluation techniques in 7.7 of GuideE 1369.6.3.2 Compare the schematic design estimate to the pro-gram estimate. The comparison provides information to thedesign professional on the changes since the last estimate.6.4 Design Development Phase Estimate:6.4.1
20、 Preparation of the design development estimate in-cludes the quantifying of key building elements. Quantities ofmaterials are calculated and multiplied by material and laborunit prices to develop the total cost for each element. Use thismethod to arrive at a total cost for each element. Quantify an
21、dprice key building systems to replace the building parametersused in the previous estimate. Calculate the design allowanceusing risk evaluation techniques in 7.7 of Guide E 1369.6.4.2 Summarize the design development estimate in Mas-terFormat. Restructure the design development estimate inUniformat
22、 II (Classification E 1557) when comparing with theschematic design estimate. The reformatted design develop-ment estimate will provide the basics for the translationbetween the schematic and design development estimates.6.5 Construction Document Phase Estimate:6.5.1 The construction documents estim
23、ate is the finalestimate of a projects construction costs based on detailedproject information. Prepare quantity information in Master-Format. Subdivide pricing into material, labor, and equipmentcosts.6.5.2 Use MasterFormat to compare the final constructiondocuments estimate to the design developme
24、nt estimate.Calculate the design allowance using risk evaluation tech-niques in 7.7 of Guide E 1369.6.5.3 Reformat the construction documents estimate toUniformat II, Level 2 (Classification E 1557) to providehistorical data for future building costs.6.6 Reconciliation of Estimate with General Contr
25、actor:6.6.1 ReconciliationComparison of independent esti-mates for the project. Summarize estimates using MasterFor-mat to facilitate comparison with the general contractorsformat.6.6.2 Reconciliation of estimates can be required at anydesign phase.7. Report Format7.1 Use this standard format for ev
26、ery cost report andexpand as necessary to respond to project requirements.7.1.1 Title PageReport the following information:7.1.1.1 Name of the project,7.1.1.2 Location of the project,7.1.1.3 Type of estimate,7.1.1.4 Date of the estimate report,7.1.1.5 Design team name and address,7.1.1.6 Cost consul
27、ting firms name and address, and7.1.1.7 Owner name and address (unless confidential).7.1.2 Table of ContentsInclude the name of each sectionand page number.7.1.3 Task OutlineBriefly describe the cost assignmentundertaken by the firm.7.1.4 Project DescriptionBriefly describe the project lo-cation, si
28、te area, site development, building size and function,exterior materials, interior finishes, and special functions of thefacility.7.1.5 Notes Concerning the EstimateInclude observa-tions, assumptions, and information obtained from the designprofessionals, site observations, and research conducted fo
29、rthis project. Include opinions and project documentation ob-tained from sources other than the current construction docu-ments. The following outline is a basis for organizing the notessection.7.1.5.1 General notes include discussion of general condi-tions of the project, profit/fee projections, an
30、d general com-ments about the proposed construction project or localeconomy where applicable.7.1.5.2 Site work notes include discussion of site relateditems and concerns.7.1.5.3 Building notes are organized per the Uniformat IIstructure (Classification E 1557) or MasterFormat specificationdivisions.
31、7.1.5.4 Provide analysis for degree of risk used to establishthe design allowance, construction contingency (GuideE 1369), and escalation values.7.1.6 Summaries are presented from the most global to thespecific. Reduce costs to a commonly understood element forthe overall report (for example, cost/s
32、f, cost/key, cost/acre,cost/bed). Include the following:7.1.6.1 Overall summary,7.1.6.2 Site development summary,7.1.6.3 Building work summary,7.1.6.4 Special structures summary (when appropriate), and7.1.6.5 Uniformat II summary (contract document estimateonly).7.1.7 Cost Comparison Summaries shall
33、 include informa-tion and opinions on how the project has changed from theprevious cost estimate. When the report is the first estimate, theprogram design shall be used as the initial benchmark forcomparison.7.1.7.1 Costs are compared in Uniformat II for program,schematic design, and design developm
34、ent estimates. Theconstruction documents estimate is compared to the designdevelopment estimate using major specification divisions.Format the cost comparison summary report as follows:E1804072Sub-Grouping Previous Estimate Current Estimate VarianceSite work $450,000 $475,000 $25,0007.1.7.2 Organize
35、 the detailed explanation of changes be-tween the estimates as follows:Sub-Grouping Variance Reasons/CommentsSite work $25,000 Allowance for landscaping increased($5,000). Earthwork quantities in-creased ($25,000). Allowance for sitelighting decreased ($5,000).7.1.8 Design alternatives are alternate
36、 solutions that aremutually acceptable to the design team and cost engineer.Include a summary of the proposed costs of the alternates andnotations if these costs are mutually exclusive or overlap withother suggested alternates. Each alternate detail report shallconsist of the following:7.1.8.1 Descr
37、iption of the related base estimate criteria,7.1.8.2 Description of the proposed alternate,7.1.8.3 Summary of costs for additions and deductions fromthe base estimate, and7.1.8.4 Adjustment for general conditions, fee, and escala-tion.8. Information Needed at Each Design Stage8.1 The following list
38、shows what documents and informa-tion are the minimum to be provided by the design professionalat each estimate level.8.1.1 Program Phase EstimateThe program phase estab-lishes the building budget. The cost estimate consists ofbuilding parameters, finish levels, and general site develop-ment activit
39、ies. The cost professional requires the followinginformation:8.1.1.1 Design ProgramDetailing the project function,purpose, and characteristics. The program includes materialinformation relating to the gross floor area of prime buildingspaces, equipment, and building systems,8.1.1.2 Cost limitations
40、and allowances,8.1.1.3 Site configuration, limitations, known soil and rockinformation, and the location of available utility services to thebuilding, and8.1.1.4 General information about the exterior buildingelevations and floor plan configuration.8.2 Schematic Design Phase EstimateThe cost profes-
41、sional requires the following documents:8.2.1 Site Development:8.2.1.1 Paving and parking requirements,8.2.1.2 Finish building grades,8.2.1.3 Original site drawings,8.2.1.4 Storm drainage solution,8.2.1.5 Existing utility location,8.2.1.6 Site retaining walls, and8.2.1.7 Site lighting requirements.8
42、.2.2 Building Work:8.2.2.1 Principal floor plans,8.2.2.2 Specification outline,8.2.2.3 Exterior wall sections,8.2.2.4 Mechanical/electrical/plumbing systems outline(suggested equipment requirements),8.2.2.5 Finish schedule by room types,8.2.2.6 Structural foundation system,8.2.2.7 Typical structural
43、 framing system, and8.2.2.8 Roof system selections.8.2.3 Specialty Structures:8.2.3.1 Structure type (bridge, gazebo, etc.) and8.2.3.2 Height and floor plan dimensions.8.3 Design Development Phase EstimateThe cost profes-sional requires the following documents:8.3.1 Site Development:8.3.1.1 Site pla
44、ns, indicating building locations and siteimprovements (including all paved areas, site utilities, land-scaping ideas, and building or vertical structure locations),8.3.1.2 Topographical information (current and engineeredtopographical information),8.3.1.3 Utility location (showing all underground s
45、tructuresand lines), and8.3.1.4 Demolition plans and information.8.3.2 Building and Specialty Structures:8.3.2.1 Current floor plans,8.3.2.2 Project specification outline with selected equipmentand acceptable manufactures,8.3.2.3 Exterior wall sections,8.3.2.4 Building elevations and sections,8.3.2.
46、5 Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing system de-scriptions and one line diagrams reflecting the design of theHVAC, plumbing, fire protection, and electrical systems, andriser diagrams with panel information,8.3.2.6 Structural foundation design, typical structural fram-ing,8.3.2.7 Preliminary finish
47、 schedule with material selections,8.3.2.8 Typical interior wall types, and8.3.2.9 Acoustical guidelines.8.4 Construction Documents Phase EstimateThe costprofessional requires the following documents:8.4.1 Site Development:8.4.1.1 Final site drawings showing current and engineeredtopographical infor
48、mation,8.4.1.2 Utility locations and design showing all under-ground structures and utility lines,8.4.1.3 Demolition, landscaping, miscellaneous site struc-tures and related details,8.4.1.4 Elevations and sections, and8.4.1.5 Details, schedules, and notes to be used in theconstruction of the project
49、.8.4.2 Building and Specialty Structures:8.4.2.1 Project specifications, completely describing mate-rials and manufactures,8.4.2.2 Current floor plans,8.4.2.3 Building elevations and building sections,8.4.2.4 Exterior wall sections,8.4.2.5 Details of exterior walls, stairs, toilet rooms, etc.,8.4.2.6 Finish schedule and notes,8.4.2.7 Typical interior partition details with notes,8.4.2.8 Special details and conditions (millwork, handrails,etc.),8.4.2.9 Structural plans, notes, sections, and details fullydescribing the structural building requirements,E18040738.4.2.
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