ASTM E1836 E1836M-2009e1 Standard Practice for Building Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management《机织石棉带的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: E 1836/E 1836M 091An American National StandardStandard Practice forBuilding Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1836/E 1836M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in

2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information and designation was corrected editorially in April 2009.1. Scope1.1 This

3、 practice provides a definitive procedure for mea-suring and classifying floor area in buildings for use in facilitymanagement, specifying occupant requirements, space plan-ning, and for strategic facility planning.1.2 This practice specifies the sequence in which to measurefloor area.1.3 This pract

4、ice is applicable to owned, rented, and leasedbuildings.1.4 Use Annex A1 to measure floor area in office facilities.The measurement practice in Annex A1 may also be suitablefor use in other functional types of building which includeoffices, such as research, laboratory, or manufacturing build-ings a

5、nd building-related facilities.1.5 The practice inAnnexA1 is not intended for use in leasenegotiations with owners of commercial office buildings orrelated properties. For that purpose, refer to the AmericanNational Standard published by the American National Stan-dards Institute under the designati

6、on ANSI/BOMAZ65.11996 and commonly known as the ANSI-BOMA stan-dard.1.6 This practice is not intended for and not suitable for usefor regulatory purposes, fire hazard assessment, and fire riskassessment.1.7 This practice was developed for use within NorthAmerica and includes some rules comparable to

7、 ISO 9836Performance Standards in BuildingDefinition and Calcula-tion of Area and Space Indicators.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used

8、independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf

9、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 2619/E 2619M Standard Practice for Measuring and Cal-culating Building Loss Features That Take Up Floor Areain Buil

10、dings2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 Standard Method for MeasuringFloor Area in Office Buildings2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 9836 Performance Standards in BuildingDefinitionand Calculation of Area and Space Indicators3. Terminology53.1 Definitions:3.1.1 floor, nin a building, supporting structure (

11、generallyhorizontal) and constituting the bottom level of each story.E 63163.1.2 For standard definitions of additional terms applicableto this practice, see Terminology E 631.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility

12、 of Subcommittee E06.25 onWhole Buildings and Facilities.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 1836 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servi

13、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Org

14、anization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.5Certain definitions of terms in this practice were agreed in 2007 by a WorkingGroup established jointly by the Building Owners and Managers Association(BOMA) Internationa

15、l and the International Facility Management Association(IFMA). Certain terms were derived from referenced ASTM standards or fromreferenced ANSI standard, or from published IFMA documents. Ownership ofcopyright to specific terms is indicated by footnotes. Certain terms are quoted fromother ASTM stand

16、ards, in which case the ASTM source is identified at the end ofthe definition.6Information such as this, inserted at the end of a definition, gives the numberof a standard from which this definition was quoted or derived. If a number followsa dash at the end of this information, it indicates the yea

17、r of approval of the standard.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 amenity area, nportion of a building that provides aconvenience to an occupant or occupants of a b

18、uilding or groupof buildings.73.2.1.1 DiscussionIn general, occupancy codes and regu-lations do not govern these areas, although there may be codesand regulations that relate to their specific uses.3.2.2 assignable area, nportion of the plannable area on afloor that can be assigned to occupant group

19、s or functions.3.2.3 building, ncontiguous and undivided shelter com-prising a partially or totally enclosed space, erected by meansof a planned process of forming and combining materials.73.2.4 dominant portion, nthe inside surface of the outsidewall, as defined in ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996.83.2.4.1 Disc

20、ussionANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 specifieswhen to consider the inside surface of the window glass as thedominant portion to measure to, and when to measure to someother part of the outside wall.3.2.5 excluded area, nportion of a floor within a buildingthat is not suitable for occupancy by people or equipme

21、nt.73.2.5.1 DiscussionWhile excluded areas may meet thecriteria of adequate clear headroom there is owner/landlorddocumentation which indicates that these areas are to beexcluded from floor interior gross area calculations. Examplesof excluded areas include but are not limited to unfinished atticare

22、as, attic areas with obstructed access, damp or floodedbasements, and confined areas requiring permits for entry.Areas temporarily unusable due to flood, fire damage, con-struction or renovation activity are not excluded areas.73.2.6 exterior gross area, nthe area of the floor measuredto the outside

23、 face of the walls that enclose the floor(s) of thebuilding.3.2.6.1 DiscussionAreas which are not enclosed, such aspatios and balconies, are not part of exterior gross area.Cornices, pilasters, buttresses, and so forth that extend beyondthe wall face are disregarded. The exterior gross area of abase

24、ment space includes the area measured to the outside faceof basement or foundation walls.3.2.7 finished surface, ninside face of a wall, window,ceiling, or floor that is provided as part of the base building forthe general use of occupants, excluding the thickness of anyspecial surfacing materials a

25、pplied to meet the particular needsof specific occupants.93.2.8 floor area, narea in the horizontal plane of thebottom level of a story or stories in a building.3.2.9 interior encroachment, nbase building element thatis located inside a building, not on an outer wall, and thatprevents the use of the

26、 floor area for furniture, equipment,circulation, or other occupant function.93.2.10 interior gross area, nportion of the floor(s) that istotally enclosed within the dominant portion.93.2.11 interior parking, ntotally or partially enclosed areathat is within a building and that is normally used to c

27、irculateand station vehicles.103.2.12 interstitial floor area, narea of load-bearing sur-faces located above or below occupied building floors that isnot available for general occupancy.73.2.12.1 DiscussionInterstitial floor area is often notavailable for occupancy due to inadequate clear headroom.T

28、ypically interstitial floor area contains building mechanical orelectrical systems predominantly serving adjacent floors or toprovide access to such systems.3.2.13 major vertical penetration, nopening in a floor thatserves a building or system distribution function.73.2.14 matrix, na grid-like array

29、 of elements.113.2.15 occupant, nof a building, one who has certain legalrights to or legal control over the premises occupied.93.2.15.1 DiscussionAn occupant may be a tenant in abuilding or the owner of a building.3.2.16 occupant void area, nopening in a floor created forthe specific benefit of an

30、occupant.103.2.16.1 DiscussionExamples of occupant void areas areprivate elevators, communicating stairs within tenant premises,and the opening in the floor above in tenant rooms that aremulti-story in height.3.2.17 perimeter encroachment, nbase building elementor restricted area that is located ins

31、ide the dominant portion ofa building on the outer wall and that prevents the use of thefloor area for furniture, equipment, circulation, or other occu-pant function.93.2.18 plannable gross area, nportion of a floor that istotally enclosed within the interior face of perimeter encroach-ments at the

32、floor plane and where there are no perimeterencroachments enclosed at the inside finished surface of theexterior walls.103.2.19 polygon, nclosed plane figure made up of severalline segments that are joined together.123.2.20 primary circulation area, nminimum path on afloor for access to egress stair

33、s, elevator lobbies, toilet rooms,refuge areas, building lobbies, and entrances.93.2.21 restricted area, nportion of floor area that wouldnormally be available for use by an occupant, but the occupantis limited from using the area, either by regulatory authority orfrom a governing document.93.2.22 r

34、estricted headroom, nlarge portion of a floor thatdoes not have sufficient clear, unobstructed headroom toconform to local building codes or that has headroom less thanthat required for occupancy.3.2.22.1 DiscussionRestricted headroom is primarily in-tended to exclude large areas such as low attics

35、and crawl-spaces from being defined as “floors.” It also establishes, in asloped ceiling attic or sloped exterior wall, where the effective7Copyright is shared with BOMA International.8In the 1996 edition, which is copyright by BOMA, the dominant portion isdefined as the inside face of the portion o

36、f the wall which is window glass where itis more than 50 % of the vertical distance from finished floor to finished ceiling, andelsewhere as the inside face of the outside wall, or of a pilaster or column attachedto the outside wall where they occur. Note that the reader is cautioned that thedominan

37、t portion is not defined as a part of this ASTM standard. Instead,ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 is developed by and subject to the authority of BOMAInternational, which may change it from time to time at its sole option.9ASTM copyright is shared with BOMA International.10New term for which copyright is shared

38、 by ASTM and BOMA International.11Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1989, s.v.“matrix.”12Bagatrix Math Glossary, s.v. “polygon,” http:/ (accessed April 1, 2009).E 1836/E 1836M 0912outer wall is located. Restricted headroom does not apply toreduced or no headroom conditions

39、 (that is, walls, columns,stairs, door headers, limited piping, railings, alcoves, and soforth) typically found on a floor, unless they are part of anoverall restricted headroom condition.3.2.23 secondary circulation area, nportion of a floorrequired for access to some subdivision of a floor, that d

40、oes notserve all occupants on a floor and that is not defined as primarycirculation area.3.2.24 service area, nportion of a building that providesservices that enable occupants to work in a building.3.2.24.1 DiscussionService areas make it possible toaccommodate occupants within a building without v

41、iolatingexisting building codes and occupancy controls, or both.133.2.25 unassigned area, nportion of the plannable area ona floor that is not assigned to occupant groups or functions.103.2.25.1 DiscussionUnassigned area includes all plan-nable area that cannot be classified as either assignable are

42、a, orrestricted area, or occupant void, or interior encroachment, orsecondary circulation. Examples are: (1) small areas betweenfurniture panels and columns where furniture does not fit; and(2) area set aside to install future workstation or otherfunctions.3.2.26 usable area, nportions of a building

43、 that can beclassified as tenant area or amenity area.143.2.27 void area, nabsence of a floor inside the dominantportion where a floor might otherwise be expected or mea-sured, that is typically in the plane of the upper floors ofmulti-story atria or lobbies, light wells, auditoria or the areaadjace

44、nt to a partial-floor mezzanine.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice can be used to facilitate comparison ofareas that have been measured but it does not specify whatmeasurements must be conducted.4.2 This practice can be used in space programming andforecasting of space requirements.4.3 This pr

45、actice can be used to classify areas for internalcost accounting purposes.4.4 This practice can be used to compare space use betweenorganizations.5. Basis of Practice5.1 The basis for classification of floor area measurementsfor certain functional types of building is contained in AnnexA1.NOTE 1In t

46、he future, additional annexes are expected to be added tothis practice to contain the classifications for floor area measurements inother functional types of building and to compare measurements of floorarea for different purposes or from different countries.6. Measurement Procedure and Report6.1 An

47、nexA1 provides a procedure for measuring floor areaand for reporting such measurements for certain functionaltypes of building for those purposes stated in Section 1.6.2 When reporting floor area, measured in accordance withthe procedure in Annex A1, note any exceptions to theprescribed method. Wher

48、e possible, also assess the extent ofvariation and state as an estimate.6.3 If Practice E 2619/E 2619M is also used, findings fromthat practice may be included in the report of building floorarea measurement, but the area of building loss features shallbe clearly identified.7. Keywords7.1 area; buil

49、ding; building floor area; facility; facilitymanagement; floor area; measurement; occupant requirementANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT IN OFFICE FACILITIES AND RELATED FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF BUILDINGSSUCH AS RESEARCH, LABORATORY, AND MANUFACTURING BUILDINGS AND BUILDING-RELATED FACILITIESA1.1 IntroductionA1.1.1 The purpose of Annex A1 is to provide consistentterms, definitions, and measurement procedures for floor areameasurements to facilitate comparison of measu