1、Designation: E1927 98 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forConducting Subjective Pavement Ride Quality Ratings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a procedure for obtaining subjectivenumerical ride ratings for a group of representative highwaypavemen
3、t sections having a broad spectrum of physical char-acteristics.1.2 The intent of this guide is to describe a procedure forgenerating a set of comparatively scaled ride ratings, subjec-tively derived, for a subgroup of pavement sections having aride quality distribution approximating the general pop
4、ulationof highways of interest. This set will provide statisticalestimates of the average subjective ride ratings which would beobtained for the same group of pavement sections if the entirepopulation of users could be interrogated.1.3 For the data to be a reasonable representation of theaverage rid
5、e quality judgments of the total highway usercommunity for the total population of highway pavements,certain sampling theory precepts must be observed; the size ofthe rating panel, the selection of its members from the usercommunity, the method of quantifying the individualjudgments, as well as the
6、selection of the sample pavementsections are all important areas to be considered.1.4 An important use of the resulting ride quality data wouldbe to determine the ability of various hypothesized determin-istic functions of physical parameters of the pavement samples,such as measured longitudinal pro
7、file, and so forth, to providean estimate of subjective ride quality judgments.1.5 This guide is based on guidelines described inAppendixF of NCHRP Report 275,2and in Appendix E of NCHRPReport 308.31.6 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. Th
8、e units given inparentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the
9、 applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issue
10、d by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE9
11、50 Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile ofTraveled Surfaces with an Accelerometer EstablishedInertial Profiling Reference3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 mean panel rating (MPR), nthe average value, foreach section of highway pavement, of ride quality ratingsassigned by a ride quali
12、ty rating panel.3.1.2 rideability, na subjective judgment of the compara-tive discomfort induced by traveling over a specific section ofhighway pavement in a vehicle.3.1.3 ride quality rating, na numerical value subjectivelyassigned to a section of highway pavement by an individualquantifying his ju
13、dgment of the level of ride quality for thatsection based on a psychophysical scale.3.1.4 ride quality rating panel, na group of highwayusers, statistically representative of the total expected highwayuser population, in rating the ride qualities of pavements.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of
14、 ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle -Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.33 onMethodology for Analyzing Pavement Roughness.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1927 98 (2012)
15、.DOI: 10.1520/E1927-98R18.2Janoff, M. S., Nick, J. B., Davit, B. S., and Hayhoe, G. F., “PavementRoughness and Rideability,” NCHRP Report 275, September 1985.3Janoff, M. S., “Pavement Roughness and Rideability Field Evaluation,”NCHRP Report 308, July 1988.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
16、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
17、d StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers
18、to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide is intended to provide a statistically valid andpractical method of obtaining a set of scaled ride qualityratings, based on subjective judgments by a sample group ofraters selected from the total population of expected users, fora subset of
19、 test sections selected to represent the generalinventory of pavements in an area of interest. Individual ratingsare obtained in a prescribed manner and averaged to give amean panel rating (MRP) for each test section.5. Significance and Use5.1 A primary responsibility of highway agencies is theconst
20、ruction and maintenance of highway pavements in acondition (including ride quality) perceived to be satisfactoryby the user community. The ability to quickly, easily, andeconomically acquire an objective standard numeric (rideabil-ity index) that will estimate the current level of satisfaction forle
21、ngths of pavement is desirable for determining when anacceptable level of ride quality does not exist and correctivemeasures are required.5.1.1 This guide describes a procedure to produce subjec-tively derived, numerical ride quality ratings for each sampleof a broad spectrum of highway pavement sec
22、tions based on astandard numerical scale (0 to 5, described herein). Theserating estimates may be considered to be closely correlated tothe collective qualitative judgments of the total related high-way user population.5.1.2 The MPR data set thus obtained can be useful intesting various hypothesized
23、 deterministic functions of certainphysical parameters of sections of pavement, such as themeasured longitudinal profile, as estimators of the ride qualityrating the user population might assign to any particularmember of the total relevant inventory of highway pavementsections.5.1.3 Objective, quan
24、titative, easily measurable rideabilityindex data shown to be highly correlated with MPRs are avaluable resource for monitoring the performance of highwaypavement construction, maintenance, and repair operations.6. Apparatus6.1 A Ride Quality Rating Panel, made up of a subset ofindividual members of
25、 a highway user population.6.2 A Selected Array of Pavement Sections, (test sections) tobe rated.6.3 A Fleet of Vehicles, with qualified drivers to transportpanel members over the test sections.6.4 A Central Meeting Facility, for administrative opera-tions such as instruction to drivers and panel me
26、mbers,compilation of ratings, and so forth.6.5 Miscellaneous Materials, such as route maps and infor-mation sheets, driver instruction forms, rater instruction forms,rating forms, summary forms, and so forth.7. Procedure7.1 The procedure presented here was developed as part ofNCHRP Project 1-23 FY 8
27、2 and is described in detail inReport 275 (Appendix A, pp. 3740, and Appendix F)2andfurther developed in NCHRP Project 1-23 (2), discussed inNCHRP Report 308 (Ref. 2, Chapter One, pp. 36,AppendixesA and B, pp. 2428).3Excerpts from these references areincluded in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 for conve
28、nience.7.2 Preliminary Requirements:7.2.1 Pavement Test SectionsSelect an appropriate num-ber of pavement sections in the region of interest. Each sectionshould have homogeneous physical characteristics throughoutits length. The set of test sections should be well distributed byroughness level and s
29、urface type, and should be straight andfree of anomalies. Sections should be of equal length, longenough to provide panel members adequate exposure, andshould be located so that a driving route can be developed thatwill allow approximately equal travel time between sectionsthat is long enough for ra
30、ters to record their values. After thetest sections have been selected, the beginning and end of eachsection must be marked as well as the “runup” to the section.7.2.2 Transport Vehicles and DriversProvide a sufficientnumber of vehicles to permit the rating panel members to betransported over the te
31、st route in one or two days. They shouldbe of the same type and condition. Drivers should remainconstant throughout the test.7.2.3 Ride Quality Rating PanelChoose a panel size basedon the acceptable error (see Table 1). The panel should becomposed of licensed drivers selected from a wide range ofqua
32、lifications, that is, sex, age, experience, and so forth. Inorder to keep the panel study error at an acceptable level, theinvestigators in the NCHRP 1-232study chose a panel size of36 members.7.2.4 Test RouteDevelop a test route that will traverse allof the test sections at approximately equal inte
33、rvals, andincludes adequate rest stops, meal stops, and so forth.7.2.5 Test SchedulePrepare a schedule of dates and timesthe tests will be conducted.7.2.6 MaterialsPrepare an adequate supply of driver in-struction forms and route maps, panel member instructionforms, and panel member rating forms.7.3
34、 Conduct of Rating Operation:7.3.1 Driver MeetingAt the meeting facility, as scheduled,instruct drivers concerning the experiment, that is, constantspeed (usually 80 kph (50 mph), handling of completed ratingforms, and so forth. Assign panel members to seating positionsat this time; these should rem
35、ain constant throughout the test.TABLE 1 Panel Size as a Function of ErrorError Non-Normal Normal(MPR Units) distribution distribution0.1 319 1380.2 80 350.3 36 150.4 20 90.5 13 60.6 9 40.7 7 30.8 5 0.9 4 1.0 3 E1927 98 (2018)27.3.2 Panel Member MeetingPrior to the test run, instructthe raters regar
36、ding the rating scales, completing the ratingforms, and handling the completed form. The Weaver/AASHO0 to 5 rating scale and rating form to be used in this practice isshown in Appendix X1 (Fig. X1.1). Secrecy is requiredbetween panel members.7.3.3 Perform Test RunTransport all panel members overthe
37、entire test section route (two days might be required), withthe drivers collecting the completed rating forms after travers-ing each test section.7.4 Process Data:7.4.1 Mean Panel Rating (MPR)The mean of the panelratings and standard deviation of the data about the mean ratingmay now be calculated f
38、or each test section. Where the ridequality rating panel members were in close agreement on thepavement rideability, the standard deviation about the meanpanel rating will be small and should approximate the error inMPR units shown in Table 1. A test site where the computedstandard deviation exceeds
39、 the error listed in Table 1 shall beremoved from the ride quality study.7.4.2 Need for RepairThe percent of rating panel mem-bers who judged that a section is in need of repair can also becalculated for each test section. The table of these valuesrepresent the product of this experiment.8. Report8.
40、1 The report for studies conducted using this guide shallcontain the following information:8.1.1 Ride Quality RatingsEach ride quality rating for allpanel members shall be tabulated and recorded for each sectionincluded in the study.8.1.2 Mean Panel RatingsFor each test section, the meanpanel rating
41、 and corresponding standard deviation shall becomputed and recorded to two decimal places.8.1.3 Study Identification InformationGeneral informa-tion to identify the conditions under which the study wasconducted shall be recorded. As a minimum the date(s) and thetype(s) of vehicles used for the study
42、 shall be recorded.9. Statement on Precision9.1 The standard deviation of the subjective ride qualityratings about the mean panel rating for each test site should notexceed the error listed in Table 1 (0.3 MPR units for a36-member panel).10. Physical Parameters10.1 The measurement of physical parame
43、ters of the pave-ment sections to be used for correlation with the mean panelratings shall be made in the same time frame as the collectionof panel rating data.11. Keywords11.1 need for repair; pavement ride quality; rideability; ridenumber; ride quality rating panel; subjective ride qualityAPPENDIX
44、ES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDELINES FOR PAVEMENT RIDEABILITY STUDIESX1.1 The guidelines presented here are excerpted and para-phrased from NCHRP 1-23 (Appendix E).2X1.2 This appendix provides a sample set of detailedguidelines for highway agency personnel to conduct panelrating studies of rid
45、eability or ride quality. The guide describesthe six key issues that must be addressed: selection of testsections and route formation, panel selection, ratingprocedures, panel study, date reduction, and physical measure-ments.X1.3 Selection of Test Sections and Route FormationThissection of the user
46、s guide describes the steps required to:identify potential test sections; select test sections; develop theroute; create an inventory of the test sections and theircharacteristics; mark the test sections; and inform maintenancedepartments about the necessary deferment of repair work onthe test secti
47、ons:X1.3.1 Identification of Potential Test SectionsIdentification of potential test sections is begun by reviewinghistorical roughness data, including road logs or inventories,pavement roughness or serviceability index data, and localknowledge. Some states have road logs or pavement invento-ries (b
48、y particular district, division, or county) which describethe physical and geographical characteristics of pavementsections. For example, the road log books of the PennsylvaniaDepartment of Transportation (PADOT) include the followinginformative data: legislative route, station number, mainte-nance
49、functional code (MFC), functional class code, federal aidstatus, traffic route, urban or rural location, length of testsection, average daily traffic, surface width, year built, yearresurfaced, and description of pavement.X1.3.1.1 Some of these data can be useful background foridentifying pavement and other characteristics of routes. Theroad log can provide the historical record of when routes wereconstructed and repaired and also can provide a logical startingplace for the field survey team. For example, determiningwhere to look for extremely “rough” ro
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