ASTM E2067-2003 Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests《最大氧消耗量热法火灾试验的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: E 2067 03An American National StandardStandard Practice forFull-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice deals with methods to construct, calibrate,and use full scale oxygen consumption calorime

3、ters to helpminimize testing result discrepancies between laboratories.1.2 The methodology described herein is used in a numberof ASTM test methods, in a variety of unstandardized testmethods, and for research purposes. This practice will facilitatecoordination of generic requirements, which are not

4、 specific tothe item under test.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtainedfrom the test methods using this technique are those associatedwith heat release from the specimens tested, as a function oftime. Other fire-test-response characteristics also are deter-mined.1.4 This practi

5、ce is intended to apply to the conduction ofdifferent types of tests, including both some in which theobjective is to assess the comparative fire performance ofproducts releasing low amounts of heat or smoke and some inwhich the objective is to assess whether flashover will occur.1.5 This practice d

6、oes not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool, nor does it describe a test methodfor any material or product.1.6 For use of the SI system of units in referee decisions, seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are pro-vided for information only.1.7 This standard i

7、s used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.NOTE 1Th

8、is is the standard caveat described in section F2.2.2.1 of theForm and Style for ASTM Standards manual for fire-test-responsestandards. In actual fact, this practice does not provide quantitativemeasures.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for p

9、ersonnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Seealso Section 7.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th

10、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Bur

11、ning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD 5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread andMass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained inElectrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in aVertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD6113 Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter toDetermine Fire-T

12、est-Response Characteristics of Insulat-ing Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical FiberCablesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of SmokeG

13、enerated by Solid MaterialsE 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and ProductsE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE 1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upho

14、lstered Furniture and Mattress Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.13 on Large ScaleFire Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 20

15、03. Published November 2003. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 206702.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan

16、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE 1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE 1623 Test Method for Deter

17、mination of Fire and ThermalParameters of Materials, Products and Systems Using andIntermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)E 1740 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateand Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wallcov-ering Composites Using a Cone CalorimeterE 1822 Test Method for Fire

18、 Testing of Stacked ChairsIEEE/ASTM SI-10, International System of Units (SI) TheModernized Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire Safety-VocabularyISO 5660-1, Fire TestsReaction to FireRate of HeatRelease from Building Products (Cone CalorimeterMethod)ISO 9705, Fire Tests - Full-Scale Room

19、Test for SurfaceProducts2.3 California Bureau of Home Furnishings and ThermalInsulation Standards:4CA Technical Bulletin 129 (October 1992), FlammabilityTest Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 (January 1991), FlammabilityTest Procedure for Seating Furniture

20、 for Use in PublicOccupancies2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall CoveringsNFPA 266 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristicsof Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming IgnitionSourceNFPA 267 Standard Method of

21、 Test for Fire Characteristicsof Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flam-ing Ignition SourceNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Wall and CeilingInterior Finish2.5 UL Standards:6UL 1685, Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation andSmoke Rele

22、ase Test for Electrical and Optical FiberCablesUL 1975, Standard Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used forDecorative Purposes3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology

23、E 176 shallprevail.3.1.1 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from thespecimen, per unit of time. (E 176)3.1.2 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion. (E 176)3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe combustion may be evidenced byglow, flame, detonation or explosion. The combustion may besustained or transient.3.1.3 o

24、xygen consumption principle, nthe expression ofthe relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released. (E 176)3.1.4 smoke, nthe airborne solid and liquid particulatesand gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis orcombustion. (E 176)3.1.5 smoke obscuratio

25、n, nreduction of light transmissionby smoke, as measured by light attenuation. (E 176)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite, na combination of materials, whichgenerally are recognized as distinct entities, for example,coated or laminated materials.3.2.2 continuous (as re

26、lated to data acquisition), adjconducted at data collection intervals of6sorless.3.2.3 sample, nan amount of the material, product, orassembly, to be tested, which is representative of the item as awhole.3.2.4 specimen, nrepresentative piece of the product,which is to be tested together with any sub

27、strate or treatment.4. Significance and Use4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the mea-surements described here, is based on the observation that,generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to theamount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7Approxi-mately 13.1 MJ of heat ar

28、e released per 1-kg of oxygenconsumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient airconditions, while being subjected to a prescribed externalheating source.4.1.1 This technique is not appropriate for use on its ownwhen the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent,which release o

29、xygen. Further analysis is required in suchcases (see Appendix X2).4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement ofthe oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen con-centration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream,in a full scale environment.4.3 The primary measurements ar

30、e oxygen concentrationand exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements includethe specimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generated, thespecimen mass loss rate, the effective heat of combustion andthe yields of combustion products from the test specimen.4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is

31、 used in differenttypes of test methods. Intermediate scale (Test Method E 1623,UL 1975) and full scale (Test Method D 5424, Test MethodD 5537, Test Method E 1537, Test Method E 1590, TestMethod E 1822, ISO 9705, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267,NFPA 286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstandardized

32、room scale experiments following Guide E 603, using this3Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56,CH-1211; Geneva 20, Switzerland.4Available from California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insula-tion, State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs, 3485 Ora

33、nge GroveAvenue, North Highlands, CA 956605595.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 022699101.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.7The boldface numbers in parentheses refers

34、to the list of references at the endof this standard.E2067032technique involve a large instrumented exhaust hood, whereoxygen concentration is measured, either standing alone orpositioned outside a doorway. A large test specimen is placedeither under the hood or inside the room. This practice isinte

35、nded to address issues associated with equipment requiringa large instrumented hood and not stand-alone test apparatuseswith small test specimens.4.4.1 Small scale test methods using this technique, such asTest Methods D6113, E 1354, E 1474 and E 1740, as well as,ISO 5660 internationally, are based

36、on a stand-alone apparatus,wherein a small specimen is tested within the equipment.4.5 Throughout this practice, test equipment is referenced toprovide helpful guidance to test facilities. Substitution ofequivalent, or better, test measuring devices is permissible.5. Test Room Layout5.1 Standard Roo

37、ms:5.1.1 Three standard room configurations have been incommon use for many years, often designated as the “ASTM”/“ISO” room (cited in Guide E 603 and in ISO 9705), and the“California” room (used in CATB 129 and CATB 133, as wellas, Test Methods E 1537, E 1590, and E 1822), and the cabletray test ro

38、om (used in Test Methods D 5424 and D 5537,aswell as, in UL 1685).5.1.2 ASTM/ISO RoomThe test room shall have interiordimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mm by 2.44m 6 25 mm high (8 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall haveno openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 6 6mmby2.03 m 6 6 mm (

39、30 by 80 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 1,and other small openings, as necessary to make test measure-ments. Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, andline it with gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood (see Section 6) outside of the roomdoorway, such

40、that it collects all the combustion gases. Thereshall be no obstructions to the air supply to the test setup.NOTE 2Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable.If the wallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results

41、 of this test. Gypsumwallboard is likely to generate a measurable amount of heat or smokerelease at high heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.2.1 Install an additional layer of fire rated wallboard onthe portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Co

42、ver at least 1.22 by 1.22 m (4 by 4 ft) ofthe ceiling with the added wallboard, but do not place anadditional layer of wallboard under the test specimen. Thisceiling surface is the most severely exposed to flames and heatand needs frequent replacement. Replace any portion of thelining if cracks occu

43、r or severe burn damage is observed.5.1.2.2 Frequently, whenever there is a single test specimen,such as Test Method E 1537, Test Method E 1590, or TestMethod E 1822, the test specimen location is the corner of theroom furthest away from the doorway. The test specimen alsois usually placed on a weig

44、hing platform. This test room isunsuitable for Test Method D 5424 or Test Method D 5537.The test method indicates test specimen location.5.1.2.3 When testing surface linings (walls or ceilings),weighing of the test specimen during the test is usually notpractical. Mass loss during testing, if desire

45、d, must be esti-mated from calculations.5.1.3 California RoomThe test room shall have dimen-sions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm 3 3.66 m 6 25 mm 3 2.44 m 6 25mm high (10 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall have noopenings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 6 6mm3 2.06m 6 6 mm (38 by 81 in.), located as indicat

46、ed in Fig. 2, andother small openings, as necessary to make test measurements.Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, and line itwith gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicate wallboard.Position a hood (see Section 6) outside of the room doorway,such that it collects all the combustion

47、 gases. There shall be noobstructions to the air supply to the test set-up.NOTE 3Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable.If the wallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsumwallboard lik

48、ely is to generate a measurable amount of heat or smokerelease at high heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.3.1 Install an additional layer of fire rated wallboard onthe portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Cover at least 1.22 by 1.22 m (4 by

49、4 ft) ofthe ceiling with the added wallboard, but do not place anadditional layer of wallboard under the test specimen. Thisceiling surface is the most severely exposed to flames and heatand needs frequent replacement. Replace any portion of thelining if cracks occur or severe burn damage is observed.5.1.3.2 This test room commonly is used for furnituretesting only. Usually, the test specimen is located in a cornerand placed on a weighing platform. This test room is unsuitableNOTE 1See text for tolerances; room instrumentation is optional.FIG. 1 Test Room Configura